In this mode, when compiling the tender documents, the tenderer will calculate the quantities of the project subject to tender according to the relevant calculation rules (such as earthwork quantities, reinforced concrete quantities, masonry quantities, standards and quantities of doors and windows, etc.). ) as part of the tender documents, and distributed to bidders. The bidder will fill in the unit price item by item according to the quantities proposed by the tenderer and then calculate the total price as the tender offer. Then through bid evaluation competition, under the same conditions, the winning bidder should be the winning bidder, and finally the two sides signed a contract to determine the contract price.
This model conforms to international practice, conforms to the law of market economy development, and is conducive to the development and progress of enterprises.
I. Conforming to international practice According to international common rules, whether a project can win the bid depends mainly on three factors: First, the qualification must meet the requirements; Second, there is no deviation from major business, review and technical conditions in the bidding; Third, the evaluation price is the lowest. As far as quotation is concerned, the lower the price, the more competitive it is, not the more accurate the project cost when bidding. Adopting the internationally accepted standard of "the lowest is the best" has the advantage of changing from government pricing to market pricing, which can standardize the market competition order, improve the efficiency of resource allocation and develop foreign economic and technological cooperation.
Second, to further standardize the market order, the bidding process should be "open, fair and just" market competition. The tenderer prepares the bill of quantities, and the bidder fills in the unit price. If the unit price is high, it lacks market competitiveness and cannot win the bid; If the unit price is low, it may win the bid, but the economic benefit is not ideal, and it may even lose money. Therefore, bidders will definitely fill in the unit price according to their own actual level, and will not try to gain connections or enter the back door for the pre-tender price, nor will they bribe bidders or intermediaries with money, nor will they do everything possible to "inquire" about the pre-tender price and "understand" the inside story. This will further standardize the market competition order, ensure the survival of the fittest, fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient supply, and make the bidding market develop healthily and orderly.
Third, it is conducive to the progress of enterprises. In bidding, the current project cost management method is to bid according to the construction drawing budget price. The closer to the pre-bid price, the better. The closer to the pre-tender estimate, the higher the score, and the greater the possibility of winning the bid. In practice, some bidders are excellent in all aspects, but they are "Fei Biao" just because the base price is too low or too high, and lose the opportunity to participate in the competition. This is because there are many unforeseen factors when bidding according to the construction drawing budget. For example, the incompleteness and defects of design drawings are misunderstood by different cost engineers; Different understandings of budget quota and expense quota sometimes lead to confusion; Different methods of investigation and evidence collection at the construction site will also lead to mistakes. If the tenderer is adopted to determine the engineering quantity and the bidder fills in the unit price according to the engineering quantity, the above factors will be overcome. Bidders will not worry about the pre-tender estimate, nor will they consume a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Enterprise leaders will go all out to grasp management, improve technical level and open up new industries, which can promote the development of construction enterprises.
Fourth, it is beneficial for bidders to adopt the principle of separation of quantity and price in project management. After the bidder wins the bid, both owners sign the contract. At this time, the bill of quantities and quotation become the basis of the contract price, that is, the bidder's quotation can be the basis for the tenderer to allocate project funds. This will help to urge the tenderee to allocate the project funds according to the completion of the engineering quantity. After the completion of the project, the final accounts can also be handled according to the bill of quantities. If the owner wants to modify or change the design of the project due to market changes, according to the current project cost management model, it is difficult for the tenderer to fully understand the investment dynamics of the project, and the final investment can only be obtained when the final accounts are processed, so it is too late to settle. If the management mode of bill of quantities quotation is adopted, the tenderer can make clear the quantities and project prices that have occurred and will occur in the future. When deciding the design change of the project, it is easy to calculate the impact on the project investment, which provides convenient, intuitive and correct decision-making suggestions for the owner to decide whether to make design changes. Of course, it is more beneficial for the owner to manage the whole process of the project, such as the distribution of funds, the connection of projects, the speed of progress and so on.
According to the current situation in our country, it is ripe for the reform that the project cost is separated from the quantity and price, the tenderer provides the bill of quantities and the bidder fills in the unit price independently. There are two aspects to determine the basis. On the one hand, the calculation method of bill of quantities has been basically determined. To realize the separation of quantity and price, the key to the principle of engineering quantity valuation is to have unified engineering quantity calculation rules. The engineering quantity of a construction project depends on the construction design drawings, and will not change due to the cost of materials, labor wages, machinery, etc., nor will it change due to the construction technology and technical level. Therefore, it is very necessary for the government to formulate unified engineering quantity calculation rules. We have accumulated decades of research results, a large number of registered cost engineers, and a unified national basic quota has been promulgated and implemented. To complete the above reform, we only need to constantly improve the basic quota and engineering quantity calculation method. On the other hand, we have successful experience. In the project bidding of Shunde City, Guangdong Province, the project cost took the lead in adopting the practice of "controlling the quantity and releasing the price, and finally forming the market price". Changde Xingguang Cattle Industry Project adopts the method that the bidder with the lowest quotation in the bill of quantities is the winning bidder, saving 25% investment for the owner. From government pricing to market pricing, from the integration of quantity and price to the separation of quantity and price, although it has just started. However, with the changes in the international and domestic situation and the continuous improvement of the market economy, this new bidding model will be promoted in a wider range.
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