First, the financial industry
Financial industry refers to a special industry dealing in financial commodities, including banking, insurance, trust, securities and leasing.
1. Banking: In China, it refers to financial institutions such as the People's Bank of China, regulatory agencies, self-regulatory organizations, commercial banks, urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives, non-bank financial institutions and policy banks established in People's Republic of China (PRC).
2. Insurance industry: The insurance industry refers to the business that funds collected through contracts are used to compensate the economic interests of the insured. Insurance refers to the behavior that the applicant pays the insurance premium to the insurer according to the contract, and when the insured dies, is disabled and reaches the age and time limit agreed in the contract, the insurer shall be liable for the property losses caused by the possible accidents agreed in the contract.
3. Trust: Trust, banking, securities and insurance are also called the four pillars of the financial industry, and their original meaning is "entrusted by people to manage money on their behalf". According to the definition of trust in the first section of the first chapter of the Trust Law, trust "refers to the act that the trustor entrusts his property rights to the trustee based on his trust in the trustee, and the trustee manages or disposes in his own name for the benefit of the beneficiary or for a specific purpose, according to the wishes of the trustor."
4. Securities industry: The securities industry is a specialized industry that serves securities investment activities. Securities are all kinds of property ownership or creditor's rights certificates, which are used to prove that the holders of securities have the right to obtain relevant rights and interests according to the contents contained in the face value. Therefore, the essence of securities is a transaction contract or contract, which gives the contract holder the right to take corresponding actions on the subject matter agreed in the contract and obtain corresponding benefits according to the provisions of the contract.
5. Leasing industry: it is an operating industry that provides credit services by combining financial credit with material credit. The general leasing activity is that the lessor rents the material materials it owns to others under certain conditions, and the lessee pays the rent according to the regulations during the use period.
The financial industry has the characteristics of index, monopoly, high risk, interest dependence and high debt management.
1, indicative
Indicators mean that financial indicators reflect the overall and individual situation of the national economy from all angles, and the financial industry is a barometer of the development of the national economy.
2. Monopoly
On the one hand, monopoly means that the financial industry is strictly controlled by the government, and no unit or individual may set up financial institutions at will without the approval of the central bank; On the other hand, it refers to the relative monopoly of specific financial business. Credit business is mainly concentrated in the four major commercial banks, securities business is mainly concentrated in national securities companies such as Cathay Pacific, Huaxia and Nanfang, and insurance business is mainly concentrated in PICC, Ping An and Pacific Insurance.
3. High risk
High risk means that the financial industry is a distribution center for huge amounts of money, involving all sectors of the national economy. Any mistakes in business decisions of units and individuals may lead to "domino effect".
4. Interest dependence
Interest dependence means that financial interests depend on the overall interests of the national economy and are greatly influenced by policies.
5, high debt management
High-debt management means that the proportion of self-owned funds is lower than that of general industrial and commercial enterprises. The financial industry plays an important role in the national economy, which is related to economic development and social stability, and has the functions of optimizing the allocation and adjustment of funds, reflecting and supervising the economy. The unique position and inherent characteristics of the financial industry make all governments attach great importance to the development of their own financial industry.
Two. Business scope of financial service companies:
1. Entrusted by financial institutions to engage in financial information technology outsourcing, financial business process outsourcing, financial knowledge process outsourcing, securities and insurance consulting (not allowed to engage in financial, securities and insurance business), business information consulting, investment management and financial consulting (not allowed to engage in bookkeeping).
2. Technology development, technical services, technical consultation, technology transfer, self-owned equipment leasing (not allowed to engage in financial leasing), enterprise marketing planning, e-commerce (not allowed to engage in value-added telecommunications and financial services), translation services, conference services, market information consultation and investigation (not allowed to engage in social surveys, social surveys, opinion polls and opinion polls), corporate image planning, and advertising design and production in the field of computer software technology.