Top ten scenic spots in Hainan:
Guya Zhoucheng
Luo Bidong
Seamount wonders
Nantian hot spring
Donghai Sea
Nanshan Temple
Yalong Bay
Sanya
Hainan cuisine:
Hainan pheasant
Hainan radish cake
Lijia bamboo rice
Miao snacks San
Hainan specialty—
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Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China, bordering Qiongzhou Strait in the north, Beibu Gulf in the west, Democratic Republic of Viet Nam in the east, South China Sea and Taiwan Province Province in the east, and Philippine, Brunei and Malaysia in the southeast and south. The administrative areas of Hainan Province include Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands, the islands and reefs of Nansha Islands and their sea areas. The total land area of the province (including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35,000 square kilometers, and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers. Hainan Island is shaped like an oval Sydney, running from northeast to southwest, with a total area of 33,900 square kilometers (excluding satellite island). It is the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province Island. Qiongzhou Strait, separated from Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula, is about 18 nautical mile wide. Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of China.
Geographical location and natural conditions
Terrain Hainan Island is low and flat around and high in the middle, with Wuzhishan and Ying Ge Ridge as the uplift core and gradually descending to the periphery. Mountains, hills, terraces and plains form a circular layered landform with obvious cascade structure.
Mountains and rivers Most of the mountains in Hainan Island are between 500 meters and 800 meters, and there are 8 1 block of peaks above1meter. The peaks above 65,438+0,500 meters above sea level include Wuzhishan, Ying Ge Ridge, Aozong Ridge, Monkey Ridge, Yajialing and Diaoluo Mountain. These mountains are generally divided into three major mountains: Wuzhishan is located in the middle of Hainan Island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1867. 1 m, which is the highest peak in Hainan Island; Ying Ge Mountain is located in the northwest of Wuzhishan, with the main peak at an altitude of1811.6m; Yajialing Mountain Range is located in the west of the island, with the main peak at an altitude of 15438+09.38+0 meters. Most of the relatively large rivers in Hainan Island originate from the central mountainous areas, forming a radial water system. Only 154 rivers flow into the sea. Nandujiang River, Changhua River and Wanquan River are the three major rivers in Hainan Island, and their drainage areas account for 47% of the whole island.
Climate Hainan is the place with the most tropical marine climate characteristics in China. It is warm and hot all year round, with abundant rainfall, obvious dry and wet seasons, strong normal wind, frequent tropical storms and typhoons and diverse climate resources. The annual sunshine hours in Hainan Island are1750 ~ 2,650 hours, the annual average temperature is between 23 ~ 25 degrees Celsius, and there is no winter all year round. Most areas have abundant rainfall, with the annual average rainfall of the whole island above1600 mm. The central and eastern coastal areas are humid areas, the southwest coastal areas are semi-arid areas, and other areas are semi-humid areas. The seasonal distribution of rainfall is uneven, with drought in winter and spring and heavy rainfall in summer and autumn.
land resources
Hainan Island is the largest "tropical treasure land" in China, with a total land area of 3.442 million hectares, accounting for 42.5% of the national tropical land area. The land available for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is about 0.48 hectares per capita. Due to the superior light, heat and water conditions, the growth and reproduction rate of organisms are better than those in temperate and subtropical regions. Farmland can be planted all year round, and many crops can be harvested two or three times a year. According to suitability, land resources in Hainan Island can be divided into seven types: suitable cultivated land, suitable rubber land, suitable hot land, suitable woodland, suitable grazing land, water surface land and other land. At present, Hainan Island has developed and utilized about 3152,000 hectares of land, and undeveloped land is about 260,000 hectares, of which about 90% can be used for large-scale agricultural development and utilization. Most of the wasteland to be developed and utilized is concentrated and contiguous, which is suitable for reclamation and mechanical tillage. Hainan is rich in land reserve resources and has great development potential.
plant resources
Hainan is the origin of tropical rain forest and tropical monsoon forest, with its fast vegetation growth and various plants. Up to now, there are more than 4,000 species of vascular plants in Hainan Island, accounting for about17 of the national total, including more than 600 species endemic to Hainan. Among more than 4000 kinds of plant resources, there are more than 2500 kinds of medicinal plants; There are more than 2,000 species of trees and shrubs, among which more than 800 species are of high economic value, and more than 20 species are listed as special products and rare tree species under state protection. Fruit trees (including wild fruit trees) 142 species; More than 70 kinds of aromatic plants; There are more than 200 kinds of tropical ornamental flowers and garden trees. The largest plant resource reserve is the tropical forest plant community type, and the vertical zoning of tropical forest vegetation is obvious, with the characteristics of mixed, multi-layer, different age, evergreen, dry height and crown width. Tropical forests are mainly distributed in Wuzhishan, Jianfengling, Bawangling, Diaoluoshan and Limushan, among which Wuzhishan is undeveloped virgin forest. Tropical forests are famous all over the country for producing precious tropical timber. Among more than 65,438+0,400 species of coniferous and broad-leaved trees, there are 800 species of trees, of which 458 species are listed as national commercial timber, and 5 species belong to special timber, including pear, pollock, amethyst, litchi and wood, with 34 species in the first grade, 48 species in the second grade and 65,438 species in the third grade.
Animal Resources There are more than 500 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Hainan, including 37 species of amphibians (1 1 species is only found in Hainan, and 8 species are listed as national endemic animals). Reptiles 104 species; 344 species of birds; 82 species of mammals (2 1 species is endemic to Hainan). Rare animals in the world are: black-crowned gibbon and deer, one of the four great apes in the world. Water deer, macaques and clouded leopards are also very precious.
South medicine resources Hainan is rich in animals and plants, and is known as the "natural medicine storehouse". Of the more than 4,000 substances, about 2,000 can be used as medicine, accounting for 40% of the country. There are 500 kinds in Pharmacopoeia, and 137 kinds of anticancer plants have been screened out. There are more than 30 kinds of southern medicines, among which the most famous ones are the four famous southern medicines. Areca nut, Alpinia oxyphylla, Amomum villosum, Morinda officinalis. There are nearly 50 kinds of animal and marine medicinal resources such as velvet antler, monkey ointment, bezoar, syngnathus, hippocampus, sea snake, amber, pearl, sea cucumber, coral, mussel shell, oyster, concha Haliotidis, shark's fin and tortoise shell.
fishery resources
Hainan's marine aquatic resources have the characteristics of wide marine fishing grounds, many varieties, fast growth and long fishing period, and are an ideal place for developing tropical marine fisheries in China. The province's marine fishing ground covers an area of nearly 300,000 square kilometers, and the coastal beach culture area is 25,700 hectares. There are more than 800 kinds of marine aquatic products, more than 600 kinds of fish and more than 40 kinds of main marine economic fish. Many precious white products have been cultivated in shallow sea, and there are about 25,000 hectares of artificially cultivated shallow sea beaches, and more than 20 kinds of fish, shrimp, shellfish and bathing places with high economic value have been cultivated. There are 72 species of freshwater fishes 15 families, 57 genera in Hainan Island (excluding anadromous fish).
Sea salt resources Hainan Island is an ideal natural salt field in China, and salt can be dried in many places along coastal harbors and beaches. At present, it is concentrated in the arc zone from Sanya to the eastern coast for hundreds of miles. Large salt fields such as Yinggehai, Dongfang and Yuya have been built, among which Yinggehai Salt Field is a rare large salt field in southern China.
mineral resources
Hainan has a variety of mineral resources. By 199 1 year, among the 148 kinds of minerals in industrial reserve, 57 kinds of minerals with certain development and utilization value have been found in Hainan (65 kinds can be classified according to industrial use); There are 126 deposits with various reserves (including 6 large underground water sources), including 3 large deposits, 3 medium deposits and 64 small deposits. There are more than 10 dominant minerals in China, such as glass quartz sand, natural gas, ilmenite, zircon, sapphire, crystal, gibbsite, oil shale, fertilizer limestone and zeolite. Among them, the iron ore reserves of Shilu Iron Mine account for about 70% of the country's rich iron ore reserves, ranking first in the country; Titanium ore reserves account for 70% of the country; Zirconite reserves account for 60% of the country's total. In addition, gold, cement limestone, granite and mineral water also have important development value.
energy resources
According to geological survey, Hainan is rich in oil and natural gas resources, and three sedimentary basins, namely Beibu Gulf, Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan, have been delineated successively, with a total area of about 6.5438+200,000 square kilometers, of which the favorable prospect area for oil and gas exploration is about 60,000 square kilometers. Hydraulic resources: The theoretical hydropower reserves of large and small rivers in Hainan Island are about 65.438+00,000 kilowatts, which can be exploited for about 650,000 kilowatts, and the annual power generation is about 2.6 billion kWh. The reserve of groundwater resources is about 7.5 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 20% of the total water resources, of which 2.53 billion cubic meters can be developed and utilized theoretically. At present, the energy resources that have not been exploited and have great potential are ocean energy, solar energy and bioenergy.
tourist resources
Hainan's tourism resources are very rich and distinctive, mainly in the following aspects:
1. Coastal landscape: On the coastline of Hainan1528km long, the sandy coast accounts for about 50- 60%, the beach is several hundred meters to several thousand meters wide, and the slope to the sea surface is generally 5 degrees, which extends slowly; Most places are calm, the sea is clear, the sand is as white as floc, clean and soft; The shore is shaded by trees and the air is fresh; The seawater temperature is generally 18- 30 degrees Celsius, and the sunshine is sufficient and bright. Sea bathing, sunbathing, sand bathing and wind bathing can be carried out most of the year. Today, international tourists like sunshine, sea water, beach, green and air, and the coast around Hainan Island has both. From Haikou to the east coast of Sanya, more than 60 places can be turned into bathing beaches. There are different types of coastal attractions along the island. On the east coast, there are also special tropical coastal forest landscapes-mangroves and unique tropical coastal landscapes-coral reefs, all of which have high ornamental value. At present, four mangrove reserves have been established in Dongzhai Port of Qiongshan City and Qinglan Port of Wenchang City.
2. Mountains and tropical virgin forests: Hainan Island has 8 1 mountain peaks with an altitude of1meter, which are ups and downs, unique and magnificent. The well-known Wuzhishan, whose top is serrated and shaped like five fingers, is a mountain climbing and summer resort, such as the magnificent Ying Ge Ridge, the rugged Dongshan Mountain, the Taiping Mountain with waterfalls, Qixianling Mountain, Leifeng Mountain, Diaoluo Mountain and Bawangling Mountain. The mountainous areas of Hainan are densely covered with tropical virgin forests, the most famous of which are Jianfengling in Ledong County, Bawangling in Changjiang County, Diaoluoshan in Lingshui County and Wuzhishan in Qiongzhong County, among which Jianfengling is the most typical.
3. Rare birds and animals: In order to protect species, Hainan has established a number of wildlife nature reserves and domestication farms, including the black-crowned gibbon reserve in Bawangling, Changjiang County, the Datian Polu reserve in Dongfang County, the Dazhou Island (Jin Siyan) reserve in Wanning City, and the macaque reserve in Nanwan Peninsula, Lingshui County.
4. Scenery of rivers, waterfalls and reservoirs: Nandu River, Changhua River, Wanquan River and other rivers, with alternating beaches and lakes, are good places for sightseeing, especially the famous "Wanquan River Scenery" in China. Rivers or mountain streams in the depths of the mountains revolve in the dense forests of the mountains, with huge stones overlapping in the middle and numerous waterfalls, especially Taiping Mountain Waterfall in Tongshi City, Baihualing Waterfall in Qiongzhong County and Wuzhishan Waterfall, which have long enjoyed a good reputation. There are many reservoirs in Hainan Island, especially Songtao, Fu Nan, Changmao and Shilu, which have the beauty of lakes and mountains, but lakes are not as good as lakes.
5. Volcanoes, caves and hot springs: Volcanic eruptions in history left many dead craters in Hainan Island. The most typical is Shuangling, located in Shishan, Qiongshan City, with an altitude of more than 200 meters. There are two craters on the ridge, with a concave ridge in the middle, which looks like a saddle, also known as Ma 'anling. The Leihuling crater and Luopanjing crater near this mountain are also well preserved and very wonderful. There are also many karst caves in various forms, such as Dishui Cave in Sanya, Ganlong Cave in Baoting County and Huangdi Cave in Changjiang County. Hot springs are widely distributed on the island. Most of them are therapeutic hot springs, with low salinity, high temperature, large quantity of water, good water quality and pleasant scenery. Xinglong Hot Springs, Nanping Hot Springs, Yanglan Hot Springs, Qixianling Hot Springs, Guantang Hot Springs and Ban Ling Hot Springs are suitable for the development of tourism integrating sightseeing, recuperation and scientific research.
6. Historical sites: The historical sites mainly include the Wugong Temple built to commemorate five famous historical officials, including Li Deyu, who was demoted to Hainan Island in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Dongpo Academy, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Gong Temple built to commemorate Su Dongpo, Qiongtai Academy built to visit Jiao, Qiu Jun, a famous official in the Ming Dynasty, and the tomb of Hai Rui. Revolutionary memorial sites include the former site of Qiongya Column Command, the red women soldiers memorial statue in Jiaji Town, Jinniuling Martyrs Cemetery, Baisha Uprising Memorial Hall, Songjiazu House, Soong Ching Ling Exhibition Hall, etc.
7. Ethnic customs: In addition to the Han nationality, the ethnic minorities living in Hainan Island are Li, Miao and Hui. Today, ethnic minorities have retained many simple folk customs and unique living habits, making Hainan's social outlook appear rich and colorful. Hainan is the only Li inhabited area in China. Li nationality has unique national culture and customs and unique tourism value. 8. Tropical crops and rural scenery: Hainan Island has planted a large number of tropical crops, which greatly enriched the natural landscape. Visitors to the island can not only enjoy the tropical pastoral scenery, increase their knowledge, but also taste tropical fruits.
environmental protection
The discharge of major pollutants in Hainan Province 12 is effectively controlled within the national indicators. Of the 1988 industrial polluting enterprises in the province, 1969 have reached the standard, with a compliance rate of 99%, of which 163 have reached the standard, with a compliance rate of 98%. The quality of the atmospheric environment in the province has remained good, and the environmental quality index has remained within the first level. After comprehensive improvement of urban environment, noise pollution in major cities has been reduced. The water environment quality is in good condition. Most of the ground meets or exceeds the national second-class standard for surface water, and the water quality of most sea areas meets or exceeds the national second-class standard for seawater. By the end of 2000, there were 20 environmental monitoring stations in the province, including national secondary station 1 9, national tertiary station 19, and 345 environmental monitoring personnel. Achievements have been made in nature conservation. By the end of 2000, there were 72 nature reserves in China, including 5 national nature reserves and 22 provincial nature reserves. National first-class wild protected animals (species) 14 species, and 88 second-class wild protected animals.
human population
Demography According to the population sampling survey, at the end of 1999, the total population of Hainan Province was 76 19300.
The population growth rate is 1999, the birth rate is 17.26, the mortality rate is 5.23 and the natural growth rate is 12.03.
Ethnic Distribution and Population Proportion There are 37 ethnic groups in Hainan Province, among which Han, Li, Miao and Hui live in the world, and the remaining 33 ethnic groups have moved to Hainan since 1950, and are scattered all over the province. Li nationality is the earliest resident of Hainan Island. Most of the Li, Miao and Hui people living in the world live in Qiongzhong, Baoting, Baisha, Lingshui and Changjiang counties, Sanya and Tongshi cities in the south-central part. The Han population is mainly concentrated in the northeast, north and coastal areas.
Education level In 2000, the enrollment rate of school-age children in the province reached 99.7 1%, an increase of 0. 1 percentage point over the previous year; The number of pupils in the whole year was1035800, a decrease of1.5%; There were 375,900 junior high school students, an increase of 4.5%; There were 59,800 high school students, a year-on-year increase of 13.5%. There were 8,500 students in vocational middle schools in the whole year, a decrease of 9.7%; There are 30,722 students in secondary specialized technical and normal schools, a decrease of 6.4%; College students 18504, an increase of 27.0%.
Tsukiji
domestic production
According to the preliminary calculation of GDP, the annual GDP of Hainan Province in 2000 was 5184.8 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8% over the previous year, the highest level in six years, in which the growth rate was 0.2 percentage points higher than the previous year and 0.3 percentage points higher than the expected target for the whole year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 65.438+09.656 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38+00.2%; The added value of the secondary industry1065438+69 million yuan, an increase of 7.5%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 22.023 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2%.
The proportion of GDP in 2000, from the contribution rate to economic growth, the primary industry is the main force to stimulate national economic growth. The contribution rate of primary industry to national economic growth is 43.4%, the contribution rate of secondary industry is 17. 1%, and the contribution rate of tertiary industry is 39.5%. From the change of industrial structure, the primary industry and tertiary industry rose slightly, while the secondary industry declined. The proportion of the added value of the primary industry in GDP increased from 37.4% in the previous year to 37.9%; The proportion of the added value of the secondary industry in GDP decreased from 20.2% to19.6%; The added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 42.5% of the GDP.
Poor population
And the poverty-stricken population in the province has been reduced from123,000 in 2000 to 73,000.
Unemployment rate In 2000, the number of urban employees (excluding urban private and individual) in Hainan Province decreased. In the whole year, the number of urban employees (excluding urban private and individual employees) was 807 1 10,000, a decrease of 1.2% over the previous year, of which 788,800 were employed at the end of the year, a decrease of 1.9%. There are 33,000 laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns is 3.4%.
Fiscal revenue In 2000, the local fiscal revenue of the whole province was 4.5 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0% over the previous year.
(Value of) Industrial Output
The annual industrial added value was 6.5 billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, an increase of 9.5% over the previous year. According to the statistics of 400 independent accounting industrial enterprises in the province's financial statistics, the comprehensive index of industrial economic benefits during the period of 1- 10 was 85.7%, an increase of 7.3 percentage points over the same period of last year; The total profit changed from a net loss of 6,543.8+0.365,438.0 billion yuan in the previous year to a profit of 289 million yuan; The loss of loss-making enterprises decreased from 777 million yuan in the previous year to 446 million yuan, a decrease of 3,365,438+0,000 yuan.
Agricultural output value
And the growth rate. In 2000, the province's agricultural added value was 65.438+09.656 billion yuan, an increase of 654.38+00.2% over the previous year. New progress has been made in the adjustment of agricultural structure, science and technology agriculture, order agriculture and green agriculture have been strengthened, and high-quality and efficient products such as fruits, aquatic products and melons and vegetables have continued to grow rapidly. It is estimated that the annual fruit output will be/kloc-0 1.0489 million tons, an increase of 38 1% over the previous year, of which banana 610.86 tons, an increase of 72.7%; The output of aquatic products reached 820,000 tons, an increase of16.0%; The output of melons and vegetables was 3.055 million tons, an increase of 3. 1%. According to the change of market demand, the planting structure of grain, sugarcane and other products has been adjusted, and the output has decreased.
introducing foreign investment
In 2000, the actual utilization of foreign direct investment was 430 million yuan.
Pillar industries include agriculture, tourism, petrochemical industry, electronic information and marine biopharmaceuticals.
cable
At the end of 1999, there were 23,200 long-distance telephone circuits, 42 local telephone users, 0 rural telephone users, 284,800 mobile telephone users and 676,700 wireless paging users, and the telephone penetration rate was per hundred people 12 households.
Existing telecommunications
telephone system
Hainan post and telecommunications has initially formed a modern communication network. The digital microwave project of the east, middle, south and north lines of Hainan Island has been completed. There are 23,200 long-distance telephone circuits, 42 local telephone users1400, rural telephone users14,400, 284,800 mobile telephone users and 676,700 wireless paging users. The telephone penetration rate is per 100 people 12 telephones; All cities, counties and provincial development zones in the province have realized telephone exchange program control and long-distance transmission digitalization, telephone exchange program control, mobile phone roaming in the province and automatic paging by BP machine. Cities, counties and major development zones in the province can make direct long-distance calls with domestic 1900 large and medium-sized cities and more than 230 countries and regions in the world.
traffic
Highway is the main land traffic in Hainan Island, with a mileage of over 1.7 million kilometers. With "three verticals and four horizontals" as the skeleton, there are trunk lines that go directly to ports, cities and counties, and branch lines that extend to 365 and 438+08 towns and tourist attractions all over the island, forming a criss-crossing traffic network extending in all directions. The completion and opening of the eastern expressway has greatly shortened the mileage and time of north-south traffic on the island and will play an inestimable role in Hainan's economic take-off.
Maritime traffic Hainan is an island province, surrounded by the sea, and maritime traffic is the focus of this province's traffic. Of the 68 natural harbors in the province, 24 have been opened, of which Haikou, Sanya, Bashu and Yangpu are the largest. Other major ports include: Qinglan, Puqian, Xincun, Baimajing, Boao and Xinying. Haikou and Sanya ports have opened 69 foreign trade routes, and have shipping business with 24 countries and regions in the world, which provides convenience for compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and overseas tourists to travel to Hainan.
aviation
Hainan's aviation industry is developing the fastest. Haikou meilan international airport in the north has been opened to navigation. Sanya Phoenix International Airport in the south was officially opened in July 1994. Haikou meilan international airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport have accepted flights from dozens of airlines from mainland China and Hongkong. Realize cooperation with Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Taiyuan, Xi 'an, Changchun, Harbin, Dalian, Jinan, Qingdao, Yantai, Nanjing, Hefei, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Wenzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Kunming, Guiyang, Guilin, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Shenzhen, Shantou, Zhanjiang and Beihai. Provincial Airlines introduced two "Mei Duo" small passenger planes to transport on the island, with Qi Fei in Haikou and Sanya and Silver Eagle in the blue sky, which set up an air bridge between Hainan and city easy at home and abroad.