In the period of technical management and information resource management, it is gradually moving towards "network letter"
The evolution of the stage of information resource management. This evolution and development has had a great impact on information management.
The mode and service mode will inevitably cause great changes and generate new social needs.
Network information resource management is the product of this new demand.
1 network information resource flow
1 1 information resources and network information resources
Before discussing the flow of network information resources, we must first understand the information.
Understanding of the concept of resources. At present, there are many meanings about information resources.
There are two different explanations, but there are two main ones: one is narrow understanding,
Information resources refer to literature resources or data resources, or various media.
Information collected in media and form, including text, audio-visual, printed matter and electronic.
Information, database, etc. , are limited to the information itself. In a broad sense,
It is considered that information resources are the general name of various elements in information activities, which have both evil and evil.
Bad information itself also includes people, equipment, technology and information related to information.
Gold and other resources.
With the development of Internet, networking of information resources has become a trend.
Trend, compared with the traditional boutique resources, network information resources in quantity,
Structure, distribution and communication scope, carrier form, connotation transmission means, etc.
Both sides have shown new characteristics. These new features endow the network information resources with new connotations.
(NIR) new connotation. Network information resources refer to various channels on the Internet.
A collection of information that exists and spreads. At present, network information resources are Internet information.
Based on resources, but also includes other information resources that are not connected to the Internet.
Compared with traditional literature information resources, network information resources have obvious differences.
At the same time, as a product of the knowledge economy era, network information resources are also called virtual letters.
Information resources recorded in digital form and expressed in multimedia form,
Store on magnetic media, optical media and various communication media of network computers,
And transmits a collection of information contents through computer network communication. owner
It should be shown that it takes electronic data as the main bearing form, which can be text or text.
The information and image information can also be in the form of video, audio and other multimedia.
In addition, the network information resources are not only in scale and distribution, but also in the update speed.
The degree and other aspects are unmatched by traditional literature information resources, so,
According to the characteristics of network information and the information needs of network users
The effective organization and management of information resources is the key to the construction of network information resources.
A very urgent and important issue.
1.2 information resource flow
Information resource flow is a collection of information resources that move in order. And river systems
Similarly, the formation of information resources flow should at least have sources, channels and purposes.
Three elements of land. The source of information resources flow is the ability to produce information resources.
Individuals or institutions; Circulation channels are generally divided into formal channels and informal channels.
They complement each other and together form a channel for information exchange, as shown in figure 1.
The destination is the person who needs information resources, that is, the user. There is no river system
Similarly, the source and destination of information resources flow are usually interchangeable. At that time,
At this time, the source can be the destination, and the source here may be the destination there.
Similarly, a person or an organization can act as both a destination and a source.
Head. Therefore, the operation and control of information resource flow is better than that of rivers.
Much more complicated and difficult.
Generally speaking, anyone with normal thinking ability can become.
The source and destination of information resources flow.
In real life, most of the sources of information resources flow are those who are good at exploring and creating.
People who create and accumulate information resources, such as scientists, teachers, writers and journalists,
Lawyers, managers, engineers, decision makers, etc. The general public is more blamed.
When the destination role of information resources flows, they accept information resources and transfer them.
Into matter, energy or one's own ability and quality. In the flow of information resources
For permanent utilization, reuse and effective utilization,
People often "intercept" and "save" information resources through artificial facilities.
Flow, thus forming a similar "reservoir or artificial lake" library and archives.
Information resource centers in the form of libraries, information centers and information centers. Information resources
Source center can not only change the flow and time of information resources, but also meet the needs of users.
Provide them with the information resources they need and improve the utilization rate of information resources;
It can also be changed by developing information resources in a way similar to power generation.
The structure and function of information resources, improve the level of information resources, and realize information
The appreciation of resources.
1.3 information resource exchange
People are convinced that the exchange of information resources is a purposeful social activity.
The current resources are enjoyed by * * *, but the flow of information resources is regulated, guided and controlled.
Process. Understanding the emergence and existence of information resource exchange from the perspective of factor analysis
In the need for communicators, communication objects, communication content (information resources), communication
Streaming media and controllers. These elements can be integrated in some way.
For specific information systems, such as publishing houses, radio stations, television stations, newspapers,
Libraries, archives, information centers, etc. , although their specific contacts.
The contents, methods and tasks are different, but they are all information resources in essence.
Process management and control activities.
2. The main problems in the management of network information resources
2 1 The classification and organization system of network information resources is not perfect.
Because the Internet is a computer network connected based on GDPP/IP protocol.
Network, the whole Internet has no unified management machine.
Structure, any government, enterprise and individual can send it in any way on the Internet.
Cloth information, so the same organization is used to organize and manage the network information.
Information resources, their information description languages and expressions are also very different, that is
It increases the difficulty of organization and management of network information resources. Current network information resources
There are many problems in organizational management, the most important of which are the following two.
Three aspects. First, the classification and organization system of network information resources is not perfect. minute
Classification conforms to people's habit of searching information by category, although the traditional literature classification
This classification idea of law has been widely used in network information organization, but at present it only
A few websites such as CERNET and Superstar Digital Library use traditional subsites.
Classification tools organize network information, and most portals use self-made classification.
The system organizes information, and the website classification catalogue takes network information as the theme.
As the main basis of clustering, it is a combination of classification and topic method, and its categories
The division of ""is not a strict hierarchical enumeration, and the arrangement of categories is not limited to categories.
The content connection and logical relationship between these classification systems are mainly from
Based on the characteristics of network information and the actual needs of network users, for the vast network
It is convenient for users to use network information, but the design of these classification systems
In the selection of classification standards, the number of first-class categories and the presentation of classification system.
The arrangement of open levels and categories is fragmented, self-contained and standardized.
The degree of standardization is not high, which allows users to understand and use the resources of different websites.
It brings difficulties and is not conducive to the construction and enjoyment of online information resources.
2.2 The search quality of search engines is not high.
Using search engines to organize information resources is the biggest deficiency of users.
The trap is that the accuracy is very low. This is mainly due to the lack of manpower in the process of information indexing.
Intervention leads to poor accuracy and poor intelligence of retrieval software.
Very high, resulting in a large retrieval error. People use search engines to check information.
When searching, although the results of retrieval output may be many, they usually include
A lot of repetitive and false information, that is, retrieval is noisy. Moreover, different.
Search engines have different search terms, search interfaces and different grammars.
Summarize the processing of symbols and identifiers, so as to construct the input end of retrieval strategy.
Formulas will also directly affect the retrieval structure. Many search engines do not cover all these.
Network information resources also have the problem of low user recall. In addition,
Search engines cannot access a large amount of information stored in various databases. this
These have greatly affected the recall rate of search engines.
3 the theoretical core of network information resource management
The core idea of university management is to serve learning and teaching, and it is also a university.
The starting point and end point of management. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate the management concept of colleges and universities.
We must take the information technology era as the background, take learning and teaching as the direction, and focus on learning.
Because of the openness of learning time and space, the diversification of learning methods and the modernization of teaching methods.
Change. In 1990s, Professor Lu Taihong put forward: IRM (information resources.
English abbreviation for technical management) is a collection of three basic information management modes.
Restore. Economic management and humanistic management of information resources
Corresponding to different backgrounds, namely, information technology, information economy and information culture.
3 1 humanistic perspective
People try to coordinate policies, regulations, ethics and morality.
Only by combining administrative means, legal means and the power of spiritual civilization can we achieve high standards.
Standardized and orderly management of fast information network resources, forming an organic system and
Healthy network culture ensures the orderly operation of high-speed information network. These hands
The comprehensive application of segments has changed the single dependence formed since the 1960s.
The single mode of technology has solved many problems that cannot be solved by technical means.
It is helpful to the rapid expansion and disorderly expansion of customer service network, resulting in various disadvantages and creations.
Create a harmonious, balanced and orderly information environment and let technology play a greater role.
Therefore, it can correspond to the humanistic management mode of information network culture, and its direction makes
Information policy and information law under the network environment. , in the network information resources
In management practice, these three models complement each other and are organically combined.
3.2 Technical Angle
People not only use the principles of information science to study and solve the stability problem of large-scale systems.
Sex, orderliness of network structure and various problems in high-speed transmission mainly
If the information system with the characteristics of information network is studied by the theoretical method of information science,
Information media and its utilization. That is, the technical management mode corresponding to network technology,
Its research contents are new network information system, new information media and network letters.
Distribution, collection, organization, storage, retrieval and transmission of information resources in the information environment
Broadcasting and services.
3 3 From the perspective of economics
Economic information is an objective reflection of the state and changes of human economic activities.
It has certain particularity: it is difficult to establish a quantitative analysis model; Life week
In a short period of time, there is no free enjoyment; A high degree of purpose and order; exist
Will be terminated within a certain range, etc. Information network is a huge social and economic sector.
System, which integrates computer, communication network, information resource network and information production.
Users (providers) and information consumers (users) are integrated into an organic whole.
It fundamentally change that way of human information production, distribution, circulation and utilization,
Triggered the entire information industry revolution. Information activities based on high-speed information network
Dynamics and economic activities have the same characteristics, processes and media, and there are supply and demand.
Relationship, input-output relationship and cost-effectiveness, it is necessary to press
According to the economic law, follow the economic law, and use economic leverage to analyze network information.
Economic management activities, so that the optimal allocation of network information resources, access to
We should make maximum use of it and give full play to the best benefits. Corresponding network information resources
Based on the economic management model, its research direction is triggered by the network information resources service industry.
The research content is the structure and management of Internet industry, network ring.
Rational allocation of environmental resources, operation and management of network market, etc.
4 Network information resources management innovation research
4 1 management perspective
How to use limited funds and information resources to satisfy users to the maximum extent?
How to mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of information resource managers?
In order to improve the efficiency of information resource management system, how to improve and perfect information?
How can technology promote and maintain information resource management in order to meet the needs of new work?
■ Informatization and network construction
The orderly operation and virtuous circle of management system belong to the category of management function.
Network information resource management is composed of information resource managers (generally in colleges and universities)
Refers to the control and exercise of library information service department, school information center and other teachers.
The process of making. How to meet the information needs of users, and to what extent?
What can users' information needs and an information resource management system achieve?
The running state of, to a great extent, depends on the information resource managers.
Overall structure, quality and ability. Information resource managers had better have both.
Understand the information resources and their dissemination process, understand the information needs of users and master them.
Various applicable information technologies. An information resource manager is an information resource manager.
Subject, they have thoughts, feelings, pursuits and inertia. a piece of furniture
Physical information resource management system must flexibly use management theory and psychology.
Theory, sociological theory and other related theories and empirical knowledge can be the greatest.
Only by mobilizing their enthusiasm and creativity to the maximum extent can we provide information for users.
Advanced information service.
4.2 Information resources perspective
In the modern information environment, the dominant position of information technology is becoming more and more obvious.
The main task of information resource managers will no longer be to engage in specific information resources.
Collection, organization, storage, retrieval, development and dissemination of resources, as well as the main
We should engage in the research of information resource management, and strive to translate the research results into words.
Information technology, and then these information technology automation systems will replace people.
Complete these specific tasks. In the network information resource management activities, the number
Database technology has a very wide range of applications, which is to realize resource sharing,
Save money, provide system reflection ability, work quality and service level.
Important means and technical support. There are more than 654.38+million large-scale databases in the world.
The total records are tens of billions, and these databases are sent to organs and regiments through developed networks.
Sports, schools, companies and individuals provide various scientific and technological information, financial information,
Business information, cultural information, etc.
Judging from the current situation, it seems that there are relatively few information resources available for service in China.
Lack of domestic readable information resources. Although developed
Compared with other countries, China's database construction is not satisfactory, but China's
The development and construction of network information resources have also made considerable achievements, especially
The development and construction of network information resources in colleges and universities have reached a considerable level.
Such as: Southwest Information Center of State Science and Technology Commission, Superstar Digital Library, Chongqing Micro
China Sci-tech Periodical Database published by General Information Company of Wan Fang Data Group.
The "Wanfang Database" launched by the company, especially the electronic periodicals in China.
The CD-ROM Database of China Academic Journals developed by this magazine is more important to China.
The development and construction of network information resources has advanced to a new stage.
4.3 Angle of building system
Establishment of EMIS (English abbreviation for "Education Management Information System")
The technical problem involved is not only a simple information technology problem, but also a
Including people and management tools. The establishment of EMIS should usually
Consider two issues: first, the establishment of the guiding ideology of educational management informatization; in addition
The first is the overall module design of educational information system. According to supporting education management
The characteristics and functions of information technology and systems can generally be divided into the following categories.
Several modules: information exchange support module; Coordination support module; Filter bracket
Module; Decision support module; Monitoring and support module; Intelligent information office
Management module. Combining these basic modules with the guiding ideology of school management,
With the corresponding technical support, EMIS will play a greater role in university management innovation.
Very efficient.
Network information resource management is the combination of information resource exchange process and management.
Our products are a closed loop around the generation and satisfaction of users' information needs.
The system, namely the network information resource management system, is a non-university EMIS.
It is often an important subsystem, which consists of information resources, information users, information technology,
Manage the whole elements such as information, funds and information resource managers.
Its operation depends on management skills such as planning, organization, command, coordination and control.
The realization of energy. Knowledge economy is based on information technology. Similarly, the university network
The construction and development of network information resource management can not be separated from the network information resource management department.
Establishing a unified system is the premise of implementing network information resource management in colleges and universities.
This is also the requirement of building a network information resource exchange network. Colleges and universities should strengthen network construction
Build an information resource management system and establish information resources supported by network technology.
The source management system can provide a platform for universities to exchange information resources and acquire knowledge.
Like to provide a friendly interface. Campus network and numbers distributed in different physical locations
Chemical equipment is an important infrastructure for building a digital campus, not just for schools.
Open inside and outside, you can also bring the proprietary components of the campus into the system. for
To promote the process of network information resources management in colleges and universities, we must build a broadband,
High speed, reliability, safety, wired and wireless, all over the campus.
The multimedia network platform, as a communication organization internal departments.
Bridges provide convenient and effective means for teachers and students to obtain information.
At the same time, we should do a good job of interface function and realize effective connection with off-campus websites.
Use international and domestic information resources respectively to realize the effective flow of resources inside and outside the school.
Pass, let information resources flow, build a digital campus, and increase income.
Easy net.
Starting with the analysis of users' information needs, the system divides the information into two parts.
Analysis, information collection and transformation, information organization, information storage, information retrieval,
The development and transmission of information resources will ultimately meet the needs of users for information.
This process is shown in Figure 2. Compared with the pure information resource exchange process, the network
Network information resources management has a clearer purpose, more rigorous organization and
More intense service characteristics.
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■ Informatization and network construction
All aspects of life and work have had a profound impact. Looking back on the process of government informatization in China, it can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) the stage of personal office tools software represented by desktop word processing tools, and computer application has improved personal work efficiency. (2) Based on relational database technology and characterized by the application of C/S architecture, this stage basically realized the automation of data processing and official document processing at the division level. (3) Based on the platform application stage conforming to Internet/Intranet technical standards, this stage has not only made great progress in technology, but also expanded its application scope from internal departments to internal industries/systems, even across ministries and systems.
In terms of Internet applications, government departments have successively established their own Web servers and websites, and some have also implemented some simple online services. However, due to the technical differences and the lack of information construction experience of relevant units, e-government has not been truly realized. On the contrary, many government websites are still at a low level in planning and construction, management and maintenance, and security. Government departments at all levels have not yet established and improved a set of effective management from page production, approval, update, process management, application development, security, integration with background application systems (such as OA and business systems) and customer mutual support.
The application of e-government is closely related to the general office automation system, but it is different in application focus, user groups and adopted technologies. Generally speaking, the former brings the latter into the category of users, and e-government is government office automation in a broader sense or is understood as "government office automation facing the society". Please indicate the documents from doctxt.net, China.
Implementation principle:
Practical principle; Principles of progressiveness and maturity; Principle of reliability; Principles of openness and security; Principle of standardization; Principle of expansibility; The principles of maintainability and manageability; economic principle
Implementation steps
First, a communication platform (such as e-mail system, e-forum, etc.). ) is established within the organization, and online information exchange and preliminary online collaborative work are established among employees.
Secondly, after the computer application level of the staff in the office is generally improved and the awareness of online collaborative office is basically established, some daily work processes such as official document approval, joint application, meeting management, file management, information collection, approval and inquiry, and daily business of various departments should be considered in the office network. At this stage, the office automation within the organization has been basically realized.
Third, establish public websites on the Internet, collect and publish information, exchange official documents and even simple electronic trade between departments, and further expand the scope of office automation to cross-industries and ministries. At this point, e-government is basically realized.
In the above process, the security and stability of network information system is very important from beginning to end. Whether to establish a sound network information security system determines the success or failure of government informatization construction to a certain extent.
The first part is the construction of internal office automation system.
Functional requirements:
Generally speaking, the office automation system of government departments should focus on document processing and office affairs management (especially leadership office), and provide important functions such as information communication and service. Therefore, typical office automation applications include official document management, supervision and management, government information collection and release, internal request report management, document management, meeting management, leadership activity management, policy and regulation database, internal forum and other applications. In addition, in view of the increasingly important position of the Internet in daily office, office automation.
Doctxt.net document of China.
First of all, providing e-mail function is the basic requirement of office automation system.
An office automation system usually includes several application subsystems, such as sending and receiving documents, information service, file management, activity arrangement, meeting management and so on. E-mail can be used as the unified interface of all these office application subsystems, and each user can know the work to be handled through his e-mail without frequently checking different application systems. The design idea of using e-mail as a unified entrance in office automation application system can greatly improve the friendliness and ease of use of system users.
Second, deal with a large number of compound document data information.
The carriers of information handled by office automation are mostly documents, reports, letters and faxes, so office automation system is a typical document processing system. This information, which is different from traditional data types, is unstructured data, compound document data or object data.
Generally speaking, relational database systems (such as Oracle, DB/2, SQL Server, Foxpro, etc. ) is suitable for the representation and storage of traditional data types (structured information), but the processing of compound document data can not fully express information, and the storage efficiency is the highest. Therefore, the concept of "document database" or "object storage" has been introduced into the database field, and its goal is to efficiently express, store and manage "compound document data" according to the emerging demand. Of course, traditional data storage and processing is also indispensable for office automation system. Doctxt.net document of China.
Because of its processing requirements for compound document data, the office automation system must take the document database as the core and combine it with the relational database selectively.
Thirdly, it contains a large number of workflow applications.
The so-called workflow is the process of all work and work transfer (interaction) carried out by a group of people in order to complete a certain business. Most applications of office automation application system, such as document approval, various applications, etc. Each work is initiated by the initiator (such as the document drafter) in the form of a process, which is processed by this department and other departments (such as countersigning) and finally reaches the end of the process (such as issuing documents, filing and warehousing).
Workflow can be interconnected, crossed or circulated. For example, the end of one workflow may be the beginning of another workflow. For example, the posting processing of the superior department triggered the warehousing processing of the subordinate department. Workflow can also break the boundaries of units, which occurs between organs and related units of organs.
To some extent, there are three realization modes of workflow automation. Namely: email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based, email-based.
From the perspective of information technology, groupware mode combines push and pull technologies, giving full play to the advantages of different technologies and overcoming their shortcomings. It is an ideal processing mode of office automation process, and also enables office automation personnel to have complete information technology tools.
Fourth, support collaborative work and mobile office.
Doctxt.net document of China.
In daily work, office workers need to spend a lot of time discussing and exchanging opinions before making some decisions. And this way of communicating and cooperating with each other in groups is called "cooperative work". With the development of network technology, asynchronous cooperation methods such as e-mail and online forum have emerged. Synchronous cooperation methods such as online real-time meeting are gradually becoming new working methods other than face-to-face meeting. They break the time and geographical restrictions, enable people to participate in collaborative work anytime and anywhere, and greatly improve work efficiency.
The so-called "mobile office" is to provide office workers with the means to work outside the office. He can remotely dial or log on to the business network, and he can access the office automation system at any time through telephone lines or wide area networks. In order to improve work efficiency and reduce costs, office workers can also choose the "offline" working mode, that is, first download the information to be processed to the local laptop, then cut off the connection, "offline" process the information (for example, he can read official documents and draft emails on the road), reconnect after work, send out his work results, and download new information to do it again.