Small suona: the length of the pole is 22 ~ 30 cm. The most commonly used one is the one with a length of 23 cm (also called "three cheeks"). Popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces. Soft timbre, mostly used for solo or ensemble, especially with erhu and other ensembles, often accompanied by singing and dancing, among which suona, which is popular in Hunan, is also used to accompany rap music "Rubbing Drum". Whistles used in different places are different, including reeds, straws and brown-purple colloidal insect shells (but they are soft to blow). The suona in Huichang, Jiangxi Province is made of silver, and the diameters of the upper and lower openings are quite different. A hollow tube is installed in the tube from the lower end of suona to the upper end of the eighth hole, which makes a unique sound. The ensemble uses stringed instruments such as erhu, which gently fluctuates and is more beautiful. Popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces.
Heidi: Exquisite and compact, but the pronunciation is sharp, sharp and loud. Popular in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui.
Zhongsuona: The length of the pole is 32 ~ 40 cm. The most commonly used one is the one with a length of 37 cm (also called "black pole"). Popular in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui. The volume is between the big and small suona, and the timbre is soft. Mostly used for song and dance accompaniment. Small and medium-sized suona is widely spread in southern provinces of China, and it is called "South Suona" in the north. The volume of China suona is not too loud, and it is melodious when it is used to accompany songs and dances.
Big suona: the length of the pole is 42 ~ 57 cm. The most commonly used is a pole with a length of 50 cm (also called "big pole"). Popular in Northeast China, Shanhaiguan, Jidong and other places. Whistles are made of reeds, and the whistles are mostly pocket-shaped, with a deep and grand voice, which is often used to play large music.
Keying suona: It was successfully developed in 1960s. The sound holes on the rod are arranged according to the law of twelve averages, which improves the semitone and is convenient for tuning. There are soprano, tenor, tenor and bass. Compared with the traditional suona, it is richer in timbre, louder in volume and wider in range. Hakka suona
Hakka suona has a long history. According to historical records, as early as 1000 years ago, "drummers walked hand in hand on the road and kept walking towards others". Hakka suona is divided into sad and happy tones, light and cheerful, and it is passionate and harmonious when playing; The sad tone is deep, crooning and euphemistic. In the folk, suona has a deep foundation. Generally, when people hold weddings, funerals, birthdays, new homes and Chinese New Year, they will invite a few suona players to celebrate the excitement. Today, the suona band was invited to send the children to the army to cut the ribbon.
Zhoujiaban suona
Zhoujiaban, also known as suona class, drum class and Berlin trumpet, is a Chinese folk music class with Zhou clan as musicians, such as China wind master who settled in Berlin village of Lingbi, Anhui Province. Since the founding of Zhoujiaban in the late Qing Dynasty, the family has been passed down for six generations, and it has experienced the vicissitudes of 100 years. There are more than 65,438+000 musicians, men, women and children, spanning Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and Zhejiang, enjoying a good reputation overseas.
Zichang suona
The second long suona mainly refers to the big suona that is three or two feet long. It is an important part of northern Shaanxi suona. If the long suona qupai is divided by speed, there are three kinds: slow board, medium board and allegro. Adagio includes adagio and original board (also called grab board), both of which are 4/4 beat, and the original board is slightly faster than adagio. Both the medium board and allegro are 2/4 beats, and the allegro is faster than the medium board when playing. The middle plate comprises a running water plate and a laminated plate; Allegro includes two water boards and stove boards. The performance basically follows the plate connection law of slow start, middle continuation and fast end. Every kind of plate connection should have transitional music, commonly known as "drumming" or "challenging" and "changing plates". "Drumming" should also be added to the same plate in order to change the qupai.
Great suona in western Fujian
Usually, two groups play together, called "Gong Chui" and "Mei Chui". They have the same structure, but different lengths and thicknesses. Gong is short, Mei is long, Gong is thin, Mei is thick, Gong is sweet in tone, and Mei is different in pronunciation.
Qinyang suona
Qinyang suona is a wooden oboe instrument with loud, bright and rough sound quality, which is convenient to play and good at expressing passionate scenes and emotional atmosphere of great sadness and joy.
1606, Zhu Zaiyu, a musician in Qinyang, expounded the law of twelve averages by scientific methods, which solved the difficult problem of "entering the palace by rotating phases" in different dynasties, improved the pronunciation position of suona, and developed a "three-eye tube" on the basis of the eight-tone hole of suona, which made great contributions to the development of China national wind music. Zhu Zaiyu also served as the foreman of the suona performance in Qinyang. He founded the "Golden Drum Club" in Jiufeng Temple. Every year on the 23rd of September in the lunar calendar, suona classes from all over the country meet here. Under the influence of Zhu Zaiyu, the suona classes in Huaiqing Prefecture gradually increased, such as "Yueshe" and "Jiajiaban" in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and "Majin Class", "Maodan Class" and "Yinhe Class" in the Qing Dynasty, which had great influence in the local area. There is a saying in Qinyang that "a big sedan chair blows hemp, but you can't get married without blowing hemp", and "a bride's family and a husband arrive, but Mao Dan can't blow a sedan chair". Qinyang suona can be divided into four schools and two schools as a whole. With the Qinhe River as the boundary, it is divided into Qinbei School and Qinnan School, with different styles of play.
Dazhu bamboo suona
Dazhu bamboo suona is a unique bamboo suona in Yuehua Township, Dazhu County, East Sichuan, which is listed in the intangible cultural heritage list of Sichuan Province for its fresh and beautiful rhyme. Hundreds of years ago, suona was introduced to Bashu, and Dazhu people made suona with local bamboo. After development, people are more and more good at making bamboo suona. Bamboo suona consists of four parts: whistle, heavenly heart, pole and trumpet. The whistle is made of local swallow stalks in Dazhu county, the pole is made of arhat bamboo, a specialty of Dazhu county, and the horn is woven with local bamboo strips, and then painted with soil, so it can be moved and loaded and unloaded. Today's bamboo suona is a folk treasure with six holes and five tones, diverse playing forms and vivid rhyme.