This paper introduces the development of architectural acoustics in the historical background of theaters at home and abroad.
Architectural acoustics of theater concert hall
1 ancient theater
Acoustic environment is one of the important factors affecting the evolution and development of ancient performance forms. Say "no"
Most indigenous music in Europe is played in vast venues, and the empty conditions in sound stage require them to adopt festivals.
Powerful musical instruments and techniques to infect the audience. European classical music is melodious and soothing, with
Performing in the theater and. China's ancient performances were mostly on the ground.
There are many roofs and back walls on the stage, and the environment is between outdoor opening and indoor closing.
This creates a sense of rhythm in China's traditional operas, which is also between Africa and Europe. Ancient performers
Volume, pitch and rhythm must conform to the acoustic characteristics of the performance venue in order to be effective.
The audience transmits sound information, and then invisibly conquers the audience's emotions. In the long-term practice,
The ancients followed the trend and created various ways of speaking, singing and playing that matched the performance venue.
Roman Amphitheatre
Epi Darus's theatre was built in 200 BC.
In ancient Greece 300 years ago, after the transformation of the ancient Romans, the audience could reach 17000.
Merida amphitheater in Spain was built in 25 BC.
In 2000, it can accommodate 3000 spectators. There was no amplifier in ancient times, and builders used it to rise greatly.
The semicircle makes the audience as close to the stage as possible, improves the listening effect, and uses the upper part of the stage and
The building walls on both sides reflect sound to the audience, and the actors also use exaggerated masks.
Collect sound and spread it like a horn. Sitting in the last row of the Epi Darus Theatre,
You can easily hear the sound on the stage. Such a big theater is no good.
It should be said that more than 2000 years ago, even today, the design has achieved the same excellent architectural acoustics.
It's not easy.
1.2 European ancient theater
Many theaters were built in ancient Europe, which were mainly used for performances, gatherings or religious activities.
Because of the strong indoor reflection of building stone, these performance places often have long reverberation.
Epi Darus amphitheater () Merida amphitheater (photo: Xiang Yan)
Xiang Yan
Tsinghua University, Ph.D. in Architectural Acoustics, is currently the director and associate professor of the Laboratory of Architectural Physics, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. Long-term engaged in hall sound quality,
Noise control, acoustic experiment detection, computer simulation and other scientific research work. In recent years, I have mainly participated in acoustic engineering design and experimental research projects:
National Grand Theatre, venues for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games (National Aquatics Center, Laoshan Bicycle Hall, National Gymnasium, etc.). ), Luoyang Sports Center,
Daqing Cultural Center, Fujian Theatre, Luoyang Theatre, Jiangxi Grand Theatre, Beijing South Railway Station, Guangzhou New Railway Station and Jintan Reservoir for West-East Gas Transmission.
Gas storage noise control and so on.
Presided over the translation of "Guide to Architectural Acoustics Design" (USA), and compiled and revised "Specification for reverberation time measurement and sound quality ratio of halls".
"Model Measurement Code" and other national standards, and published many academic papers such as "Measurement of Reverberation Time by Impulse Response Integration Method".
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I can't hear the sound clearly, but the sound quality is rich and mellow when playing. At that time, composers had to
Try to adapt to the long reverberation effect. Bach's organ music (1the first half of the 8th century) is specialized.
To Thomas Church in Leipzig, Germany. With Haider,
Baroque music and classical music represented by Mozart and Beethoven (1600 ~ 1820),
It is specially written for aristocratic dance halls such as Lyon City Hall in France.
During the Renaissance, poetry and drama flourished. Like Shakespeare's plays, there are
Many dialogues and confessions need to be protected by reducing the reverberation of the theater in order to make the audience hear them clearly.
Prove the clarity of language. London Globe Theatre and
The Farnese Theatre in Palma is everything.
The famous place of Shakespeare's drama performance field, the former was built in 1599, and the latter was 1 300.
There are 500 ring seat central stations built in1618,2500.
There are many holes in the side wall of Farnese Theatre, and Shakespeare's amphitheater has no ceiling, which
These openings play the role of sound absorption, reducing the intensity of sound reflection and improving performance.
Sound effects. There is no evidence that these theaters have given special consideration to acoustics.
Maybe it's just "unintentional", maybe those cinemas that can't hear clearly or have poor results have already existed.
History is eliminated.
1.3 China Ancient Stage
China ancient indoor performances were mostly performed by princes and nobles, with few audiences and close distance.
The problem of architectural acoustics is not outstanding, as is the case with the famous painting Han Xizai's Night Banquet in the Tang and Five Dynasties.
In ancient China, there were many stages, most of which were flat and the audience stood and watched.
Come and go freely, you can watch and chat, and even allow traders to do business during the period. such
The audio-visual conditions on the stage are very rough. The stage of Qiaoze Temple in Yicheng, Shanxi Province in Yuan Dynasty was the earliest existing ancient stage.
Taiwan Province, and then to the Qing Dynasty, the Deheyuan Grand Theatre building in the Summer Palace is exclusive to Empress Dowager Cixi, except
The grandiose luxury is staggering, and the sound effect has hardly changed. It is said that some stages
The lower space was once placed in an open vat to improve the performance, but the research table
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, setting cylinders was not helpful to architectural acoustics, and its purpose might be to store water and put out fires.
Helping to improve acoustics is just a rumor.
Western modern drama
In the west, the study of architectural acoustics has grown from scratch, from small to large. sound
Although it is a physical problem in itself, the goal of architectural acoustics research is to solve how to make people hear.
The sound is more beautiful, and the concept of "people-oriented" has created the development of theater architectural acoustics.
In recent 100 years, a large number of theaters have been built in the west, and the architectural acoustics theory has played a protective role on the one hand.
The role of escort, on the other hand, has a great influence on the evolution of theater architectural forms.
2.119th century-sound quality depends on luck.
/kloc-in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, people knew little about architectural acoustics, and the acoustics of many theaters were not good.