Outpatient counseling is the most important way of psychological counseling. The method and steps are roughly as follows:
1. Psychologists establish friendly relations with visitors. This is the main difference between psychological counseling and other departments in the hospital. If the psychologist establishes a friendly relationship with the client, then the subsequent psychological diagnosis and psychotherapy will be half the battle.
2. Understand the medical history in detail, have a careful physical examination, and rule out organic diseases.
3. Make psychological diagnosis for visitors, including intelligence test, personality test and some diagnostic scales of mental diseases, and find out the causes of diseases from social, psychological and biological aspects.
4. On the basis of clear diagnosis and primary and secondary causes, the psychologist makes a better and feasible specific treatment plan for the client, and mobilizes the client to cooperate with the psychologist to overcome the disease.
5. Make necessary follow-up observation on the consulting effect and provide preventive measures.
The scope of psychological counseling mainly includes:
1. Psychological problems encountered in study, work, family life, further education, career choice, love and making friends.
2. Diagnose and prevent various neurosis, such as hysteria, depression, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, hypochondria, neurasthenia, etc.
3. Sexual psychological disorder and sexual psychopathy.
4. Various psychosomatic diseases.
5. The diagnosis, treatment and psychological guidance of some early mental diseases for mental patients in rehabilitation period will help them better adapt to social life and prevent recurrence.
6. Provide psychological support and guidance for patients with chronic physical diseases that have not been cured for a long time.
7. Provide all kinds of mental health knowledge and psychological tests.
The principle of psychotherapy is not guidance, but understanding, explanation and inspiration. The purpose is to help patients know themselves, recognize those childish emotions and behavior patterns, and face life with more realistic and mature attitudes and behaviors.