Shenyang ningwei education laboratory
The research on front-line teachers' projects started in 2007 has gradually entered the final stage, so it is very important for a research work to express its research results in a scientific way. Not long ago, the "Description of the Problem-solving Work of First-line Teachers' Scientific Research Projects in Shenyang" put forward a basic requirement for the research of first-line teachers' projects. How do front-line teachers write their own research reports? Based on past experience, here are ten suggestions for everyone.
First, ensure that the research is really carried out.
It seems that this should not be said, but it is indeed a prerequisite. Only by first ensuring that the research is true can we mention the question of how to express it scientifically. In reality, it is true that we only "find ways" and "do research" in data piles such as computers. This phenomenon has appeared in previous activities such as paper selection. The purpose of starting the first-line teacher project in our city is to study and solve the most vivid problems in teachers' education and teaching activities and accumulate the most vivid educational wisdom and skills. Therefore, we must take a clear-cut stand against untrue research. The system of publishing the achievements of front-line teachers' scientific research projects is to ensure the authenticity of the research. If there is a "research report" with obvious plagiarism, it is possible to make the relevant information copied by the plagiarist public and disqualify him from participating in the research of front-line teachers within a certain period of time, because we don't want to do nothing.
Second, stand on the shoulders of "giants"
You must do your own thing carefully when doing research, but it is not good to do research behind closed doors. We must scientifically understand and learn from the information of relevant research in combination with the topics we choose. This kind of understanding and reference marks the degree of grasp of the problem by researchers. Specifically, in the research report, it should be shown as follows: first, in the introduction of the research background, it is necessary to mention what others have studied and what are the characteristics of my research. Second, what is the theoretical support related to my research? Of course, the proportion of these two points in the research report need not be too large. But with these two points, to a certain extent, it can mark the depth of researchers' research and thinking.
Third, expression pays attention to internal logic.
The writing of research report must follow the logic of research report statement. Specifically, this logic requires us to clarify several things: why we chose this issue for research (value and significance); How do I determine and understand important concepts (the definition of subject)? What I want to learn; What is my research method? What is the basic process of research? What are the measures I use to solve problems and how to use them (measures and practices); What changes have taken place after taking these measures, and what achievements and understandings (results and conclusions) have been formed; What related problems need to be further improved and discussed in the future, and what problems need to be paid attention to if my research results are used and used for reference (subject research reflection). This is the basic framework of the research report.
It is not difficult to see that a research report should highlight three systems: one is the target content system, which explains the purpose and content of my research respectively; The second is the operating system, which clarifies what I have done in the research (we say that the research of front-line teachers should form educational skills, which should be reflected here); The third is the performance system. Explain clearly what changes I have observed and what conclusions I have drawn (we say that the research of front-line teachers should form educational wisdom and be reflected here). Make clear the basic structure of the research report and understand the logical structure formed by the three systems of the research report, so that there will be no deviation where the focus of the research report should be. Some people don't have a good understanding of the logical structure of research reports, and there may be "missing items" in actual writing.
Another issue worthy of attention is that the report should not really unify the three. Some people know that the research report should clearly describe the three systems. The report has the research objectives and contents, introduces the measures and methods adopted in the research, and pays attention to the results, but there are still problems. The more concentrated problems are as follows: first, the research objectives introduced do not correspond to the research results, saying that I want to achieve such goals, but observing the changes and summarizing the results is actually another matter. Second, the content of the research has been designed a lot, but the measures and achievements of the research are not aimed at all the determined contents, giving people the impression that the research has not been fully carried out. The third is what to study and how to study it clearly, but the results are not discussed. After reading such a research report, most people will think: the problem is very important and the practice is very good, but what is the effect? These three phenomena are essentially caused by insufficient understanding and grasp of the internal logic of research reports.
Fourth, express outstanding substantive content.
Research is an exploration of the unknown. The research of front-line teachers is more about the wisdom and skills of answering questions. So the focus of the research report is to talk about what new educational wisdom and skills we have formed through research. This requires us to focus on what we have done (measures) and what we have gained (effects and understanding) in our research. In other words, the description of operating system and achievement system should be the focus. But in practice, we have seen a lot of research reports, saying a lot about why and what to study, but we just don't know what he "did" and "got". If this happens in the research report, people who pay attention to this research will not know where the inspiration for this research comes from. Of course, in this case, this study will generally not pass the appraisal. We put forward a special requirement in the promotion of front-line teachers' scientific research projects, so that researchers can describe their research results in about 800 words, focusing on the operation methods and the effects they can produce. This is to announce the results and solve the problems we care about.
Fifth, the method and expression should be appropriate.
The "Instructions for the Closing of Scientific Research Projects of First-line Teachers in Shenyang" makes a general normative requirement for the basic framework of the project report, which is something in the project report. Different research methods are adopted, and the specific expressions of research reports are also different. For example, the method of experimental research needs to explain what its assumptions are, what the independent variables are, what the dependent variables are, how to control the irrelevant variables, what the qualitative and quantitative analysis is, and what the conclusion is. The method of action research should clearly introduce what the initial problem was, what measures were designed and implemented, what the effect was, what happened next, how to adjust measures to solve the problem, what the final result was, and so on. If we use qualitative research methods, we should explain how we investigate, study, analyze, solve and form an understanding from different angles for a very specific problem.
In addition, the research methods should introduce the most important methods used in the research process, and it is generally not appropriate to choose too many methods at the same time to prevent the overall expression from being difficult.
Sixth, the main report plays a leading role.
The research report is the distillation and concentration of the whole research process. A 5000-word research report should have the conditions to fully discuss all aspects of the research. Five types of materials need to be provided when applying for closing the topic, namely: the declaration and appraisal of the scientific research project of the first-line teachers in Shenyang, the summary of the results (the core content of the results), the confirmation letter of the results (4 copies), the closing report of the project and the closing auxiliary materials. Don't think that I have provided corresponding auxiliary materials for some contents, and I won't mention a word in my research report. This is not conducive to others to grasp and learn your research results through the research report as a whole. Let the main report give full play to the leading role of research results.
Seven, pay attention to language skills.
A good research report should have good language expression besides the solid and in-depth research work itself. Attention should be paid to the following aspects:
First, generally speaking, research reports should be written in the language style of academic communication, not in the lyric style of poetry and prose. Because everyone wants to learn from your practices and conclusions, not to understand your mood.
Secondly, the popularity of computers provides great convenience for our work and study, but we should make good use of them. I have read many research reports, and researchers have many good designs when designing research schemes, and the research is basically based on the original design and operation. In order to save trouble, I cut out the operation points designed in the scheme at that time when writing the research report, and then wrote it in combination with research practice. However, sometimes careless authors complete research reports without serious revision, and as a result, future tense languages appear in many research plans in research reports, which should have been described in the past tense. For example, when introducing the operation method in the report, many words such as "should", "will" and "hypothesis" appeared, which makes people doubt whether this research has really been implemented.
Third, don't invent words that no one understands except yourself. Some researchers describe things clearly in simple words in order to improve their research level, but insist on using "rational" language. At this time, if it is a "rational" language with * * * knowledge that everyone has, there will be no problem, but sometimes some uncommon languages will appear in some research reports, which will not only be understood by others, but also affect the expression of their own views. Related to this, when expressing their chosen research methods, some people will say some research methods that no one has heard of, such as "practical methods" and "theoretical methods", because they have no in-depth understanding of these methods.
Fourth, the expression of key parts should be concise and catchy. The essence of the research report (I personally think it is mainly the operation part) is the key content for everyone to learn and learn from, so we advocate making more efforts for deep processing, increasing everyone's understanding and memory through refined language, and serving the operation. The summary of the operation part can be described by classification, process and number.
Eight, self-evaluation is scientific and moderate.
For one's own research, it is inevitable to evaluate yourself in the report, saying what you have explored, discovered and innovated through research, and so on. This is actually normal. Just grasp one thing: scientific moderation. What you said you had explored must be found in your research report. Some research reports say that their research has explored the classroom teaching mode of autonomous learning in a certain subject, but they can't see what this mode is in their research reports. In this case, I think it is better not to say that I have this model. However, if a kind of wisdom and skill is my own research, exploration, discovery and initiative, I must make it clear to attract everyone's attention and ask everyone to agree. If I borrow something from others, don't forget to say what I did on the basis of others' things. In short, it is good to be true, clear and meaningful.
Nine, typical cases should be scientifically sublimated.
You can't write research reports in the abstract, especially the research topics of front-line teachers, which is very practical. Therefore, it is certain and necessary for various typical cases to appear in the research report. But a key word in the research report is "research". What a typical case illustrates and what kind of truth and wisdom it contains, researchers should refine and sublimate it. Simply listing several beautiful events, processes and phenomena together is not really learning. A prominent feature of the research report is that there are no typical cases, only simple cases are not good. It is a good research report and achievement to reveal the wisdom and skills of education and teaching through cases.
Ten, don't write the report into a paper.
The research report is a rational summary and reflection on a research practice process. This paper is to explain my own views on a problem. It's not accurate: the research reports of front-line teachers must be "doing" and talking, while ordinary papers do not rule out "sitting" and talking. Therefore, the research report should have accurate questions (valuable), high starting point (well-founded), clear objectives, new content, practical process, good methods, true results, accurate conclusions and detailed ideas. If a research report is empty, full of truth, or all simple routine practices, it cannot be considered as a kind of research.
To sum up, I think a good research report should fully show a real research; Research with practical and theoretical basis; Research with clear logical structure; Research with its own substantive content; Research on the unity of research methods and expressions; Rich and informative research; Research that is easy to understand and use; Research on scientific moderation of self-evaluation: case refining research and "doing" and "discussing Tao" research
It is respectable for front-line teachers to carry out research work in their busy work. I especially hope that your research results can be expressed and exchanged through scientific methods, recognized by everyone and used by everyone. With more research results and more opportunities to communicate with each other, we can learn from the research results of more front-line teachers and better carry out our daily work. If we all work together to sum up and discover more new educational wisdom and skills, it may make our work easier and happier. After continuous and purposeful research work, perhaps a group of research-oriented teachers will appear in our research team and finally be recognized by the society.
Twelve relationships that front-line teachers need to deal with when writing research reports.
Wei Ning, Shenyang Education Laboratory.
There is a feeling in educational research that educational research is a practical process. Use all kinds of knowledge and experience to explore effective methods to solve practical problems; Educational research is a process of understanding. Generate knowledge based on research, improve knowledge based on learning, and then build new knowledge; Educational research is a process of scientific thinking. Prove the argument through logical reasoning, assumptions and conjectures, as well as questioning and reflection. When a research progresses to the stage of writing a research report, it is actually the "integration" stage of the three processes of education and scientific research. Seriously writing a research report is of practical benefit to defining the measures to solve problems, forming an overall understanding of the measures and promoting the improvement of personal thinking ability.
Long-term work of front-line teachers in education and teaching practice. Most of them are novices engaged in educational research and have done a lot of specific research work, but they often feel unfamiliar when writing research reports. After more than ten days of face-to-face communication with front-line teachers, I think front-line teachers should not only understand the basic structure of the research report, but also pay attention to more details when writing it. This attention to detail may take a long time if you feel it according to your personal practice. However, if we examine, analyze and synthesize everyone's research as a whole, we will soon get many practical and valuable understandings.
Education and scientific research is a scientific and logical work. When writing a research report, front-line teachers should consciously handle the following 12 relationship through careful conception before writing and repeated self-examination after writing:
1. The relationship between the research topic and the whole research. The core elements of the subject should be fully reflected in the whole research, and the key elements should not be lost. The research content determined in the research topic cannot be reflected or fully reflected in the research report.
2. The relationship between the three systems: objectives, operations and results. These three systems are the main body of the research report, and their contents should always be consistent and cannot be separated or separated from each other.
3. The relationship between research background and objectives, measures and achievements. The proposed part of the subject, that is, the background introduction of the research, should be internally unified with the objectives, measures and achievements of the subject, and the proposed part of the subject should provide realistic and powerful support for the objectives, operations and achievements, and should not be too vague or without height and depth.
4. The relationship between your own research and others' research. Through the collection of literature, we can examine the current situation of similar research, make our own research based on a higher starting point, and distinguish our own research from previous research, which can best reflect our own research innovation. In the expression of the results, we should also show whether our research has made a breakthrough in the previous research.
5. The relationship between research objectives and research contents. The research goal is to talk about the goal that should be achieved to solve the research problems of this topic. The research content is the concrete content to solve this research problem. Research objectives are generally highly generalized or organized. The content of the research should be specific, as long as the content of the subject is clearly explained to the readers, and it is generally not necessary to elaborate.
6. The relationship between survey data and survey conclusions, survey conclusions and operational measures. The survey design in the study should be scientific. The survey data are displayed in charts, and the relevant conclusions should be consistent with the survey data. The conclusion of the investigation is directly related to the measures taken in the study.
7. The relationship between the order, structure and up-and-down position in various operation measures. Various concrete measures to solve the problem should not be presented according to the occurrence process of year, month and day, but should be fully considered in the order and degree of these measures. At the same time, we should pay attention not to simply list the work content, but to properly classify and refine the methods, and pay attention to whether the measures should be parallel or inclusive, and to express them scientifically.
8. The relationship between the expression structure of similar content and the proportion of words. The expression structure of similar content should be as unified as possible, which is convenient for expression and for others to learn and understand. The proportion of words should also be roughly similar. Try to avoid discussions at the same level, some of which have a lot of content, and some are just a headline phenomenon.
9. Different tenses of different contents in different structures. Generally speaking, in research reports, the research goal is mostly the future tense, the research measures are mostly the perfect tense, and the research results are mostly the perfect tense. We should avoid "success" in the research objectives and contents, "necessity" and "ability" in the measures to solve problems, and "opportunity" in the research results.
10. Relationship between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In the research, we should try our best to combine qualitative analysis (by giving examples and making judgments) with quantitative analysis (by making judgments based on data) to prove the authenticity and scientificity of the research conclusions and processes.
1 1. The relationship between materials and opinions. Research reports should not be all "theories", but based on facts and data. But we can't generalize with just a few examples. It is necessary to draw opinions from the facts and achieve the organic unity of opinions and materials, data statistics and written expression.
12. The relationship between practice and cognition. Research reports should not be all "things", but should be good at understanding "reason" from "things". Such as: rational analysis of the present situation of attribution research; In the process of research, a new model is summarized; Effective education and teaching methods summarized in the research process (pay attention to systematicness when summarizing methods. Don't be limited to "how did I do it", but also explain "how should I do it"); Effective measures and countermeasures put forward in the study of countermeasures; In the process of research, new viewpoints, understandings and practices are formed.
I once had a deep feeling about educational research: what is educational research? It is to understand what no one thinks, what no one does, what is understood, what is understood, what is interpreted, and what is standardized. In the meantime, the hard work and care that needs to be paid is self-evident. Therefore, writing a research report requires us to make more careful efforts. Because this is also an important link in the whole research process, and in a sense, this link has more direct practical significance for improving the quality of research and the comprehensive ability of our researchers.
Satisfied, please adopt!