The vibration frequency of vibration load caused by high-speed railway is relatively high, mostly between 50 and 200 Hz. Germany conducted vibration tests at a distance of 2.5m from the high-speed rail track, and drew the vibration spectrum distribution map. The test shows that the peak area of high frequency vibration increases with the increase of driving speed. There are 1 peak areas when V = 150 ~ 160 km/h, three peak areas when v=250km/h and four peak areas when v = 320 km/h. In addition, the higher the driving speed, the greater the amplitude of vibration load. The vibration of ballastless track is relatively large, and the vibration of 250km/h ballastless track is similar to that of 300km/h ballastless track, which is why ballastless track attaches great importance to solving the elastic problem of track structure. French high-speed railway adopts ballasted track, and the elasticity of its track structure is mainly provided by granular ballast bed. Germany and Japan adopt ballastless track, and the foundation under the track is integral ballast bed, so it is particularly important to improve the elasticity of the cushion under the track.
When designing and checking the track, the calculation is mainly based on vertical, lateral and longitudinal loads. When designing the track structure of high-speed railway, the design should be revised and improved according to the impact force and vibration load.