His name is Zhu Da, a painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and one of the "four monks" in the painting circle in the early Qing Dynasty. The real name is Tui, the word brother Xue, and the name is Badashanren, Geshan, Donkey House, etc. Han nationality, Nanchang, Jiangxi.
As for why he is in Nanchang, this should start with his family tree.
Zhu Quan, the seventeenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, was his ancestor.
This period is another period of history. After the death of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of Hongwu in 1398, Zhu Yunwen, the great-grandson of Emperor Hongwu, succeeded to the throne in order to establish his own empire.
Zhu Yuanzhang established twenty-five descendants captaincy before his death, and these captaincy were stationed all over the country. These vassal kings and Emperor Wen Jian were ministers and uncles. At the same time, these vassals held military power, which made Wen Jian a thorn in his side. In order to consolidate the central imperial power, Wen Jian began to cut off the power of local governors at the beginning of his accession to the throne. He abolished five vassals and finally prepared to attack the most powerful prince Judy.
Zhu Quan
This is the famous "Battle of Jingnan". Unfortunately, however, Wen Jian was defeated and Judy became the new emperor, namely Ming Chengzu. When he became emperor, he was naturally afraid that his brothers would be eyeing his throne, so he replaced the captaincy with Zhu Quan, the ancestor of Badashan people.
Zhu Quan is a famous royal genius in the music world, and he is the author of Taihe Yin Zhengpu. Zhu Quan's vassal is in Nanchang, which has become the birthplace of the Eighth National Congress and the birthplace of Badashan people.
Because the ancestors of Badashan people were local kings who were sealed in Nanchang.
Badashan, formerly known as Zhu Da, was born in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and died at the age of 8 1. He was originally a royal family in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Da, one of the four monks in the early Qing Dynasty, was a painter and calligrapher in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. He is very good at flower-and-bird painting and is a master of Chinese painting in the17th century. Zhao Mengfu once said, "Stone white is like a fly, wood white is like a brush, but writing bamboo requires eight skills. If anyone can know this, you should know that painting and calligraphy are the same. " Like Zhao Yan, Zhu Da creatively combined calligraphy and painting, which were independent and influenced each other. In the overall atmosphere, they are one.
He stood side by side with Xu Wei and Yuan Zhen, which inspired the grotesque style of "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" in later generations, and later his painting style influenced modern painters such as Wu Changshuo and Qi Baishi. Qi Baishi once sighed: "I wish I could not live to be 300 years old, or grind ink and paper for you, but you didn't accept it." It is also a pleasure to stay outside the door hungry. " It can be seen that Zhu Da/KLOC-a generation of masters of China painting in the 0/7th century is well-deserved.
Genius in heaven, young and bumpy. In A.D. 1626, a baby boy came to Yiyang Palace in Nanchang, Jiangxi. As a descendant of Zhu Quan, the seventeenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Da received a royal education in culture and art, and it is said that he was able to write dense and fine print since he was a child. At the age of 8, he surprised everyone with his own poems. At the age of 1 1, he became a genius. He was the grandson of the royal family in the imperial examination and was admitted to Jinshi. He said, "Less for the Jinshi industry, try to crown its economy. In the corner of Cao Shuo, there is a lot of noise. " Young and famous, it was beautiful at that time. When his name is printed on the imperial list, he can fully imagine how he will rise to the highest position in the next few years and how he will be proud of the spring breeze.
However, it seems that God does not want a genius to live a good life. At the age of 19, that is, 1644, Chongzhen said with indignation, "All the ministers miss me!" Later, Chongzhen stepped onto the stormy wall of the imperial city and said, "The son of heaven protects the country, and the king protects the country." The Ming dynasty, which never kissed, surrendered or paid tribute, faced his downfall in internal troubles and foreign invasion until the last remnants were eliminated by the Qing dynasty.
Zhu Da's royal status in Ming Dynasty once gave him great glory, comfortable life and aristocratic education, which has since become the source of his life's pain. Perhaps this is generally the case with literati who have experienced the change of dynasties. They spend their whole lives remembering the declining former dynasty. If we look back a little, that is, the Qing Dynasty perished a hundred years ago, and a large number of "Manchu old people" were also left behind, suffering from "a great change that never happened in a thousand years". Perhaps Zhu Da is luckier than them, and it is better to go through rough times than to become a burden of the times.
Beyond things, after the Manchu regime in China was stabilized, the remnants of the former dynasty, the literati generals of the Ming Dynasty, were all bought. Some people, such as Sun Chengzong and Lu Xiangsheng, died in the Qing Dynasty, while others just sized up the situation and followed the trend. From our point of view, it's nothing. As the original royal family, due to the sudden change of identity, his inner loneliness was not told, and soon Zhu Da's father died of depression. Four years later, his wife died. Faced with the destruction of the country, Zhu Da chose to escape from the world. He watched the passage of time coldly with his eyes. He closed the door, wrote a big word "dumb" on the door and closed the dialogue with the world.
He hid in the mountains, studied Buddhism, wrote books and painted pictures to support the rest of his life. People often ask, why do you think literati write and painters draw? "Complaining" is all. This is an expression, and so is Zhu Da. In art, Zhu Da studied calligraphy when he was young. He studied Ouyang Xiu's regular script first, then Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Dong Qichang's running script, and then Zhong You and Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. When he was young, his family was rich and he traveled all over the world. Most of his works were original. This also paved the way for him to integrate calligraphy and painting into a generation of masters. When he retired in his twenties, his life was not satisfactory. He sells paintings for a living, and poverty is common. His family moved several times, and finally lived near Jinsheng Building in Fuzhou, Nanchang. This is a street full of excitement, vendors and pawns, passers-by and people coming and going. At this time, Zhu Da's calligraphy and painting was a bit famous. Every time he went to a teahouse or restaurant, he would drink and get drunk. "I don't know that the sky is in the water after being drunk, and the boat is full of stars and dreams." Every time someone comes to him for a painting, he sends a dozen copies of a painting with a stroke of his pen, whether it's a monk, a poor man, a farmer or a butcher. I wonder if they later knew that the works of this middle-aged painter who once wandered the streets were also sought after by people hundreds of years later.
In Buddhism, Zhu Da followed the old man Geng An. For more than ten years, I have meditated, written books and painted with great elegance. A friend described his situation at this time and wrote an inscription for him:
"Ah! Cut fields for abundant rice, slash and burn, what's in the urn, what have you lost? Pay, be happy! When I realized the old man, my heel hit the ground. "
Lu and his younger brother Rao Yupu co-wrote a book: "Have you ever lost it?" It is also a relief for friends from their unfortunate life experiences.
Choice of Life Circumstances: Facing such setbacks in life, Zhu Da's choice is similar to that of scholars before and after him. Throughout the history of more than 2,000 years in China, there are generally three ways for literati to face the world. First, apply what you have learned, distinguish right from wrong under the guidance of Confucian sages such as Confucius and Mencius, educate the people and actively join the WTO. Therefore, Nan said that Confucianism is a grain shop. Be an official, eat and get paid. One is quietism. When the literati encounter practical setbacks, such as the failure of the imperial examination, such as the demotion of the official Lingnan, they have to comfort themselves with Taoist inaction. Nan huaijin said it was a drugstore. On the other hand, Buddhism is a department store. You want an afterlife, Buddhism allows you an afterlife, and you want to retire. Buddhism allows you countless Buddhist scriptures to cultivate your self-cultivation.
Curiously, Zhu Da has lived in a Buddhist department store for more than ten years, and there may be some moments when he feels that Buddhism has not comforted his heart accurately. So in the next 30 years, I entered Taoism and practiced Taoism. Mr. Yu from Taoist Temple has been there. In his article, he said rudely that Nanchang did not shine in the places he had been, but "fortunately, there are Qingyunpu Scenic Resort scenic spots outside."
Qingyunpu Scenic Resort Scenic Area was rebuilt by Zhu Da on the basis of the original Tianning view. In the story of Taoism, there is a story about "Lv Chunyang ascended to the top and descended from the top", which is the origin of the concept of fame. Lv Chunyang, that is, Lv Dongbin, is said to have studied Confucianism and Taoism, but he was good at drinking, but his troubles, greed and anger were cut off. Maybe Zhu Da and the legendary fairy have a lot of mutual appreciation. In the Taoist tradition, there is a practice of "flying swords into the ground and planting osmanthus trees to set the old base", so if you go now, you can see several osmanthus trees, which are full of fragrance. Zhu Da and his younger brother have been in charge of Taoist temples for 20 years. Later, people set up a memorial tablet for him, named "Zhu Zhenren, a native of Badashan, whose real name was Liang Yuewen, the founder of Zhengkai Mountain", and regarded him as the founder of this Taoist temple.
Zhu Da's reputation gradually grew during his days in charge of the Taoist Temple. No matter what era, there are always some officials who like elegant things, such as calligraphy and painting. At the age of 53, Hu was appointed as Linchuan county magistrate. I heard that his poems and paintings are very romantic, and I want to invite him to live in the official residence for about a year. The county magistrate is also an arty person, perhaps with a good eye, although he didn't expect Zhu Da to influence many people in later generations with his flower-and-bird paintings. However, during his days as a guest, he was not comfortable. It doesn't sound appropriate for the current bureaucrats to invite the former royal family as guests. Later generations wrote in the book that Zhu Da "didn't want to go, pretended to be crazy and went back to Nanchang." He has long hair and unkempt appearance, wandering in the street, and the children are chasing him, but he ignores him and says nothing. Maybe even the top artists can't escape the curse of life.
After the storm, Zhu Da returned to her original life track. At my age, I painted in the name of Badashan people. If you write these four words vertically, scribble a little more and imitate the style of a brush, you will find that these four words are very similar to "dumbfounding". It turned out that he was too old to listen. On the contrary, I understand the absurdity of life more and more. He should have the same idea as Master Hongyi before he died! The so-called "sadness and joy". Zhu Da's word game is not over yet. Among the four characters of Badashanren, Ba has fewer cows than Zhu and fewer ears than Zhang. The man who holds the ear is a symbol of power. I lost my ears and became an Badashan person, or I was relaxing on the river. Although the country broke mountains and rivers, I couldn't hide it.
Zhu Da practices Buddhism and monasticism, but what does he practice? Is it a religious belief? Buddhism's way of forbearing the sufferings in this life and seeking the afterlife, and Taoism's way of alchemy and cultivation of immortals may only be converted to pretentious emperors or helpless people. Zhu Da is neither. He lived soberly, staring at the sky and watching coldly. He experienced endless pain. The demise of the Ming Dynasty was almost devastating to him, not only because of the decline of the family, but also because of the eternal disappearance of a certain spiritual country. After Manchu came to power, the Han literati no longer mastered the discourse power of the dynasty, and they became the tools of the powerful. If they say that the breeze is illiterate, they will be wiped out. You can imagine what the Manchu dynasty would do to the former royal family. Zhu Da is not allowed to live in this world, and he doesn't want to live in this world. His presence is inappropriate.
Living in seclusion in the mountains is almost his only choice, but in the end, his heart is not calm, which is reflected in his works, which is a bit weird and presumptuous. For example, among the birds in his early years, the shape of the fish tail stands upright with its head held high, and its "white eyes" look at the sky, leaning towards the corner of the paper, showing stubbornness and contempt, but with a hint of helplessness. Later, I experienced more things, and there was less stubbornness and arrogance in the painting. For example, in Sleeping Duck and Lonely Birds, birds are still lonely in the vast space, simple but not ugly, sparse but not scattered, young and frivolous are washed away by time, and the paintings are more interesting and calm.
Later, at an advanced age, he built a thatched cottage by the river and named it "Gage Cottage" to spend his old age. When he came to the edge of life, he realized that life was like a big dream, so he had to dream and sing. His life is gone, still like his dynasty.
In his poem, he commented on his life like this: "Without more ink and more tears, mountains and rivers are still old mountains and old waters. In troubled times, the coconut groves are swaying, leaving Lin Wen to ponder. "
References:
Strange Pen and Minimalist Ink —— On the artistic style of Guo Shushan, a painting by Badashan people
The embodiment of the concept of "painting with books" in Angelababy Badashanren's paintings and calligraphy works
"Do you really know Badashan people?" Lin Xueqiong
Analysis of Composition Characteristics of Badashanren's Flower-and-Bird Paintings in China Art Research
Random thoughts on Yu Qiu Qingyunpu Scenic Resort scenic spot