At present, there are two understandings of project cost. One is literal understanding: project cost is the price of a construction project, and estimation, budgetary estimate and budget are not commodities, and there is no price, so they do not belong to the category of project cost, so there is no planned price, guiding price and maximum price. Only the contract price of the project entering the contracting stage as a commodity is the price, that is, the market exchange price is the project cost. People who hold this understanding advocate price liberalization. Similar to general commodities, when enterprises set prices, the investment planning department should withdraw from the scope of project cost management, and divide the preliminary work into the category of plan management and the later work into the category of market exchange with the entry of engineering products into the market as the boundary; Another understanding is that the project cost should be the sum of the expenses incurred in the construction of a project, including preliminary work expenses, survey and design work expenses, installation project expenses, equipment purchase expenses, management expenses of the construction unit, etc. According to this concept, the project cost includes strengthening the design link with the requirements of value engineering, optimizing the design, compiling budgetary estimate, budgetary estimate, budget, pre-tender estimate and cost according to the requirements of value law, and strengthening the whole process cost management. Below, on how to effectively control the project cost, talk about some views.
1 Basis for dynamic management of project cost
Legal pricing has gradually changed from legal nature to guidance in real pricing, and quota is the basis of legal pricing. Although the quota has gradually lost its legal status, it is indispensable in the current valuation, and it is still the basis and basis of valuation. Reasonable determination of project cost and dynamic management of cost are still inseparable from quota, and the construction economy under the socialist market economy needs quota as guidance. However, the quota must be reformed, and the "quantity" and "price" should be separated, and the current quota consumption and quota base price should be separated. Only strictly control the project consumption based on the quota, implement dynamic management of the quota base price, change the planned price into the guiding price, and change the static management into the dynamic management. In line with international advanced management methods and international practices. We should further integrate and simplify the quota, merge similar projects, cancel some outdated projects, and add new quota subheads generated by the application of new technologies, new materials and new processes to adapt to the dynamic changes in the construction market.
"Control quantity" refers to the control of fixed consumption within the scope permitted by specifications, design and quality standards. Consumption is the most important reason and basis for determining the project cost. Only by controlling it can the project cost be reasonably determined. "Control quantity" also includes unified rules for calculating engineering quantity.
"Guidance price" means that after the price is liberalized, the government will no longer directly set prices, but instead release price information on a regular basis to predict the price variation coefficient. Publish various price indexes to guide market behavior, thus guiding enterprises to set their own prices. As the owner or producer of the project, enterprises should have the right to determine their own benefit objectives and business strategies under the market economy conditions, and have the right to set their own prices according to market information and management conditions. The price is dynamic. Prices should follow the market and reflect market information in a timely manner.
"Competition fee" means that the rate quota standard can be determined independently by the enterprise according to its own management situation and the needs of market competition strategy, and the competent government department can formulate the fee standard according to the project category for the reference of both parties to the contract, so as to guide the enterprise to conduct fair, just and benign market competition.
2. Horizontal control in dynamic management of construction project cost
The main modes of lateral control include the following:
2. 1 organizational measures ① clarify the organizational structure and division of management functions of the project; ② Division of personnel, tasks and functions for investment control of the project management team; ③ Prepare the investment control plan and work flow chart at this stage.
2.2 Economic Measures ① Make use of the comprehensive unit price of market bidding to prepare the fund use plan, and determine and decompose the control objectives; (2) Dynamically compare the planned value and actual value of investment, and conduct investment tracking control in the construction process.
2.3 technical measures ① mainly carry out technical and economic analysis on the construction scheme, and strictly review and supervise the design of various professions and stages; ② Cooperate with designers to study the possibility of saving investment in technical field.
2.4 Contract measures ① Provide contract structure; Professional suggestions such as contracting mode; ② Participate in contract negotiation; ③ Correctly handle possible claims and provide basis.
3 vertical control in dynamic management of construction project cost
The vertical dynamic control mode includes three stages: pre-control, in-process control and post-control, which are introduced respectively below.
3. 1 Pre-control bidding is a highly professional work, and the quality of this stage directly affects the effect of investment control of the whole project. Its work includes design bidding, construction bidding and equipment and materials bidding. Design bidding can enable bidders to choose the best survey or design scheme. Bidding for equipment and materials is more important, so it is necessary to strengthen the project bidding and reasonably determine the project cost. In project bidding, we must do the following: First, adhere to the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality, and strengthen bidding supervision; Second, constantly improve the preparation quality of pre-tender estimate and the professional quality of bid evaluation personnel, and effectively prevent bidding; Third, it is forbidden for bidders to take advantage of the characteristics of construction enterprises eager for success, artificially ask construction enterprises to lower prices and make profits, and put forward conditions such as early construction; Fourth, the determination of the pre-tender price should, in principle, make both parties profitable and achieve a win-win goal. In the process of bid evaluation, on the basis of winning the bid at a reasonable low price, we should give full consideration to the social reputation, qualification, construction ability, equipment status and performance of the tendering unit to conduct comprehensive evaluation, and select the winning unit that can not only reduce the project cost, but also ensure the project to be completed on time.
3.2 Controlling the construction stage is the most intuitive stage of investment, which also directly affects the project cost and completion settlement. Therefore, before construction, we should allocate the construction investment reasonably according to the project and time schedule, carefully review the construction organization design and construction plan, and do a good job in technical and economic analysis; In the process of construction, according to the requirements of market economy, we should pay the project payment by measuring the progress of the project, do a good job in the dynamic settlement of the project investment, strictly control the project change, and determine the project change price according to the prescribed procedures. On this basis, from an objective and fair standpoint, based on the contract, properly handle the relationship between the owner and the construction enterprise, do a good job of investment and expenditure analysis, and help the construction enterprise to strengthen the management of Jian 'an cost and reasonably determine the project cost.
3.2. 1 Improve the construction management level and market competitiveness. At present, the disparity between supply and demand in the construction market and the excessive tilt of the buyer's market have caused fierce competition among construction enterprises, and the contract price is often lower than the cost price, which has caused a heavy economic burden to construction enterprises. Therefore, if construction enterprises want to change their work style, they can neither "overcharge" nor stop the price at will, artificially lowering profits and construction management fees, leaving hidden dangers. Instead, we should seriously study the economic problems in construction, proceed from reality, strengthen the modern management of construction, vigorously promote the project management responsibility system, actively adopt new technologies, new processes and new materials, continuously improve the construction level, minimize the project cost and enhance the market competitiveness.
3.2.2 Strengthen project quality and schedule management. If the construction quality is not up to standard, there will be many sequelae. The more projects are repaired, the higher the project cost. In addition, the construction period also has a great influence on the project cost. Therefore, on the one hand, we should do a good job in the quality inspection, supervision and acceptance of the whole construction project, especially the single project and sub-project of concealed works, so as to eliminate the quality hidden dangers; On the other hand, it is necessary to arrange the construction process reasonably, strengthen the organization and coordination of the construction site according to the requirements and inherent laws of the project construction itself, give full play to the role of existing machinery and equipment, combine large machinery with small and medium-sized machinery, combine mechanization with semi-mechanization, reasonably determine the combination mode of materials, machinery funds and labor, and do a good job in the rational transportation of materials. This can not only avoid unnecessary duplication of labor, but also save manpower and material resources, reduce the project cost and shorten the project cycle.
3.2.3 Strengthen the management of engineering change. In the process of construction, due to various changes, there will often be various changes, which will have a certain impact on the timely completion and cost of the project. The more changes, the greater the impact. Therefore, in the construction stage, we must strictly control the engineering changes, so as not to arbitrarily change the approved design drawings, add projects or raise the design standards. To do this, we must first solve the widespread phenomenon that project managers only care about visas, regardless of accounting, so as to enhance the rigor of engineering change management and avoid unnecessary engineering changes.
3.3 Post-event control of completion acceptance is the last working procedure in the whole process of construction project. After the completion of the project, it is necessary to strictly control the project settlement, pay attention to collecting and sorting out the settlement data, and carefully review the engineering quantity and the set price charging standard. Timely and correct preparation of final accounts for completion is of great significance for summing up and analyzing the experiences and lessons in the construction process, improving the management level of project cost and accumulating technical and economic data. When compiling the final accounts of the project completion, we should compare and verify the changes of the project on the basis of collecting, sorting and analyzing the original data, and re-approve the cost of each unit project and individual project, so that the final accounts of the project completion can truly reflect the real price of the construction project itself.
4 conclusion
The investment activities of construction projects involve a wide range, with a long construction period and many influencing factors. Only by analyzing and controlling the influencing factors from a systematic and comprehensive perspective can we achieve the purpose of project construction investment control and management, that is, according to the requirements of economic laws and the development situation of socialist market economy, using scientific management methods and advanced management means to reasonably determine and effectively control costs, so as to improve the investment benefit and management effect of construction and installation enterprises, reduce consumption and increase efficiency.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd