1. Information system planning stage
The planning stage of information system is also the conceptual stage or demand analysis stage of information system. This stage is divided into two processes. First, the concept generation, that is, according to the needs of management, put forward the preliminary idea of building an information system; The second is the demand analysis process, that is, in-depth investigation and analysis of the requirements of the information system, forming a demand analysis report.
2. Analysis stage of information system
The overall planning of information system is the initial stage of system development, followed by demand analysis. A relatively complete master plan should include the development goal, overall architecture, organizational structure and management process, implementation plan and technical specifications of the information system. The goal of the system analysis stage is to provide the logical model of the system for the system design stage. In the system analysis stage, based on business process analysis, the basic framework of planning the information system to be built is the intersection of management process and information process. The content of system analysis should mainly include organizational structure and function analysis, business process analysis, data and data process analysis, system preliminary scheme, etc. Accurately locate the application scope and development cost of the system.
3. Design stage of information system
System design stage. In the system design stage, according to the results of system analysis, the implementation scheme of information system is designed. The main contents of system design include system architecture design, database design, processing flow design, functional module design, safety control scheme design, system organization and team design, system management flow design, etc.
4. Information system implementation stage
System implementation stage. The system realization stage is to realize the results of the design stage on the computer and network, that is, to turn the design text into a system that can run on the computer. Because the system implementation stage is a test of all previous work, it is particularly important for users to participate in the system implementation stage. If users are in an auxiliary position before the system design stage, they should gradually become the dominant position of the system after the system implementation stage. After the implementation of the information system, the system will enter the trial operation. Through trial operation, problems such as system performance and humanization will be exposed to users.
5. Information system operation and maintenance stage
When the information system passes the acceptance and is officially handed over to users, the system enters the operation stage. Generally speaking, a system with good performance will have fewer faults during operation, and even if there are faults, it is easier to eliminate them; However, those systems with poor performance will continue to have failures during operation, which may lead to fatal failures, and sometimes failures will lead to system paralysis. It can be seen that long-term operation is the touchstone for testing system quality.
In addition, to ensure the normal operation of the information system, an essential job is system maintenance. In engineering, maintenance is divided into four types, namely, fault maintenance, adaptive maintenance, perfect maintenance and preventive maintenance. Generally, in the initial stage of system operation, there are many troubleshooting and adaptive maintenance, but there will be more perfect maintenance and preventive maintenance in the later stage.