Chengdu is located between the plateau mountains in northwest Sichuan and the hills in the middle of Sichuan, with high terrain in the west, and a vast Chengdu plain in the middle and southeast, with an average elevation of about 500 meters. There are beautiful mountains, plains and hills in the territory with mild climate and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is about 16 degrees Celsius, and the precipitation is about 1 1,000 mm.. Known as "no cold in winter, no heat in summer". Fertile land, developed water conservancy and rich products have always been called "floods and droughts follow people, and hunger does not know." Chengdu has a total area of 6.5438+0.239 million square kilometers and a total population of 6.5438+0 million. Its jurisdiction is divided into 7 districts, 4 cities (county-level cities) and 8 counties. Generally speaking, Chengdu refers to the five districts in the city center, referred to as "five districts" for short. The rest are collectively called "suburban counties".
As early as 10,000 years ago, Chengdu had become the activity center and stage of Shu ancestors. The cultural relics unearthed in Guanghan city and Sanxingdui show that at least 4,000 years ago, the ancient Shu ancestors created the ancient Shu civilization with distinctive regional characteristics here with diligent hands. About 2,500 years ago, the enlightened dynasty of ancient Shu moved its capital here from (now the junction of Pengzhou and Xindu County), and named it "Chengdu" after taking the allusion that Zhou moved its capital to "Chengdu in one year and Chengdu in three years". At this time, Chengdu has become a city that has begun to take shape.
Chengdu has a long and splendid history of industrial and commercial development, especially the silk industry, which is famous all over the country and exported to foreign countries. During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu became one of the "five capitals" of China at that time because of its economic prosperity, and brocade also became an important source of national treasury income in the Han Dynasty. Chengdu is the center of Shu brocade weaving, where the imperial court set up the "Jinguan City" and sent "Jinguan" to manage it. This is why Chengdu is also called "Jincheng" and the Funan River, which goes around the city, is also called "Jinjiang". During the Shu-Han period, Zhuge Liang implemented the economic policy of recuperating and supporting farmers in Sichuan, and Chengdu, as the capital of Shu-Han, developed greatly, which can be seen from Zuo Si's description of Shu-Du Fu in Jin Dynasty. He said, "The city is in danger, there are thousands of businesses, hundreds of miles of tunnels, thousands of people and many beautiful stars ..." This is a market transaction map of many department stores! In the Tang Dynasty, Chengdu had the reputation of "prospering one and benefiting two", saying that its prosperity was second only to Yangzhou in the south of the Yangtze River. By the Northern Song Dynasty, Chengdu had become a metropolis second only to Bianjing. At this time, due to the relatively stable disputes in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and the commercial development of workers, peasants and horses, the commercial market broke through the traditional square market pattern and developed a special trading market, including not only the comprehensive markets in the southeast and northwest of the city, but also the markets specializing in products, such as grass market, chaff market, salt market and mule market, and there was also a "night market" in the downtown area. Since then, Chengdu has experienced Yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China, during which it has experienced many ups and downs, but its position as the economic center of Sichuan Province has not changed.
Chengdu is also a famous hometown of arts and crafts in history. Shu embroidery and Shu brocade are world-famous, and are listed as four famous embroideries and four famous brocade in China. Chengdu lacquerware is a famous product handed down from generation to generation, with exquisite production and unique technology. Many lacquerware unearthed from modern Han tombs in Chengdu can testify. The "Leiqin" produced in Chengdu in the Tang Dynasty is well-known throughout the country and is regarded as a treasure by the vocal music community. Chengdu printing industry is one of the three major printing bases in China in Song Dynasty, and it is known as "the best in Sichuan engraving". Among Dunhuang documents collected by London Museum, there is a woodcut almanac of Chengdu in the Five Dynasties, which is the earliest printed woodcut almanac in the world. Chengdu's paper industry is also famous. Yizhou hemp paper made in Chengdu in Tang Dynasty is the official paper of imperial edicts and books. The poetess Xue Tao's Snow Tao Jian is regarded as the top grade by scholars and poets. Gold and silver silk products, bamboo weaving and straw weaving in Chengdu have a history of hundreds of thousands of years.
Chengdu is one of the birthplaces of splendid Shu-Han culture and the central city of Sichuan culture and education, with a glorious history of civilization. As early as BC 140, Wen Weng, the magistrate of Shu County, founded the school in Chengdu and opened the first official school in China, which greatly promoted the cultural development of Sichuan. There are two "Four Masters of Han Fu" in Chengdu: Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong; Author of Huayang Guozhi and historian of Jin Dynasty; Xue Tao, a poetess in Tang Dynasty; Musician Duan Anjie; Five pronouns Ouyang Jiong; Master painter Huang Quan; Fan Zuyu, deputy editor-in-chief of Zi Tong Zhi Jian, a scholar in Song Dynasty: philosopher Wei Liaoweng; Medical scientist Tang Shenwei; Yang Shengmo, a writer in Ming Dynasty; And Yue Zhongqi, a famous "Confucian general", of course, the history of civilization in Chengdu is also composed of the great contributions of many famous foreign ministers and scholars in history. Chengdu is a place where cultural celebrities gather in history. Great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can, Gao Shi, Wei Zhuang and Lu You, and great writer Su Shi all lived here, leaving a lot of cultural heritage for future generations, making Chengdu's developed culture famous at home and abroad.
Today's Chengdu can be said to be both old and young, peaceful and prosperous. Under the favorable situation of the national strategic decision to develop the western region, we are raising our sails and marching towards the goal of a modern metropolis. After the founding of New China, the ancient city of Chengdu was rejuvenated. Industrial and agricultural production has advanced by leaps and bounds. In the early 1960s, the state vigorously carried out the "third line" construction, and basically formed an industrial system with machinery, electronics, metallurgy, chemicals and textiles as the main body, becoming a new industrial base in Sichuan and western China. Since 1978, Chengdu has entered a new historical period of reform, opening up and modernization. With a solid economic foundation and the location advantage of the central-western junction, it has further developed into an important scientific, technological, commercial and financial center in southwest China, a transportation and communication hub, and one of the megacities in China.
Today, Chengdu has vertical and horizontal main roads, a wide and clean market, many tall buildings and green trees, beautiful city appearance, commercial service outlets all over the city, and the city's comprehensive service functions are increasingly enhanced; After five years of struggle, the Funan River, which runs through the city, has been comprehensively rectified successfully. Nowadays, the water quality of Funan River has become clear, and the flowers, lawns, sculptures, pavilions and pavilions on both sides compete with modern residential high-rise buildings, just like tying a "jade necklace" around the neck of the city. It not only has the functions of flood control, environmental protection and transportation, but also has become a favorite leisure and sightseeing place for citizens and tourists.
As a transportation and communication hub in the southwest of China, Chengdu has railways such as Chengdu-Chongqing, Baocheng, Cheng Kun and Dacheng. In addition to Chengdu-Chongqing, Chengdu-Mianyang, Chengdu-Leshan, Chengya and Chengdu-Irrigation expressways, there are three national highways passing through the territory, forming a radial highway network with 23 provincial highways such as Sichuan-Shaanxi, Sichuan-Tibet, Sichuan-Gansu, Chengdu-Chongqing and Chengdu-Afghanistan as the backbone. Chengdu is one of the cities with the densest expressways in China. Chengdu is the largest airport in southwest China. Shuangliu International Airport is one of the four major airports in China, with over 70 international and domestic routes/KLOC-0. Chengdu is also a post and telecommunications hub in the southwest of China. It has developed into one of the eight first-class postal communication processing centers and six communication exchange centers in China, and has established communication links with more than 60 countries and regions. Convenient transportation and developed communication closely link Chengdu with all parts of the country, and build a bridge between Chengdu and all parts of the world.