HVAC engineering is the abbreviation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering, and it is a supporting project of building engineering. HVAC is the respiratory system of the building, which regulates the internal environment of the building and is one of the most important organs of the whole building. The main contents of HVAC project include: heating system, ventilation system, central air conditioning system, fire smoke exhaust system, etc. This part of the investment accounts for a large proportion in the whole building. Once there is a problem with the design quality, it will cause huge economic losses and even fatal defects to the building. In addition, in the construction process, HVAC engineering must be closely coordinated with other constructions such as civil design, electrical design and fire protection design. Only in this way can we save raw materials, shorten the construction period and ensure the quality of the project. Therefore, the supervision of HVAC engineering is necessary and very important in the process of design and construction. However, some domestic supervision enterprises often do not pay attention to the supervision of HVAC engineering because of the mismatch between specialty and manpower, which eventually leads to many unsafe factors in buildings, which seriously affects the project completion acceptance and brings many troubles to the owners.
1 tasks and key points of design supervision
Main tasks of supervision in design stage
It is to effectively control the investment, progress and quality of the design process. The same is true of HVAC major, which is only a decomposition goal in the overall goal. Main basis for design supervision of HVAC specialty:
1, feasibility study report.
2. Relevant contract plans.
3. Reasonable requirements of the owner.
4. Other professional requirements of this major.
1.2 design according to the design specification.
All design specifications, construction acceptance specifications and relevant national and local standards of HVAC specialty. The main purpose of design supervision is to make the project achieve "reasonable project quality" under the condition of a certain investment. As for the HVAC specialty, we think the main purpose is to put forward correct and reasonable professional technical index parameters and determine the scientific and economic design scheme of this specialty by using the method of technical and economic analysis and comparison. Key points of HVAC design supervision:
1. Optimization of cold and heat source scheme, system and air conditioning terminal scheme.
2, design calculation audit.
3. Emphasis on technical and economic analysis.
2 HVAC engineering supervision design
2. 1 HVAC design depth
At present, the HVAC design industry is gradually standardized, and the vicious competition of some design units has been curbed. However, the professional level of some design units is uneven, and some units even consider only economic benefits without considering product quality. The designers, newcomers and auditors of the compound are not professional, and the quality of design drawings is simply not enough. Designers do not understand the relevant specifications, which seriously affects the design depth. For example, a building covers an area of over 10,000 square meters. Ventilation, smoke exhaust and air conditioning are all set as independent fire zones, and each zone is designed with an air supply and smoke exhaust system. However, the designer set up a ventilator and a smoke exhaust machine in the ceiling, and did not give installation details. The construction unit should consult the design unit, and the design unit requires the construction unit to install according to the specification, but there is no corresponding clause in the specification at all. Finally, through the coordination of supervision engineers, the problem is solved by combining floor support with hanger.
2.2 the basic principles of supervision
The air supply system is generally installed in the ceiling of shopping malls, and some designers have installed muffler devices at the outlet of fans. In a large space structure, the installation of noise elimination devices actually has no effect. According to the supervision engineer's suggestion, the design unit finally canceled the muffler and replaced it with a low-noise air supply unit. This can not only meet the use requirements, but also save the owner's money.
2.3 Supervision of air flow configuration and wind disk layout
Take the hospital as an example to illustrate here. According to different functions, medical technology buildings are generally divided into polluted areas, clean areas and sterile areas. The air conditioning system in the sterile area should be set up independently and not shared with other areas to prevent the sterile area from being polluted. In the design, the design unit adopted the fan coil plus fresh air system, and set the fan coil in the ceiling of the inner corridor. Such return air is mixed in the coil and then sent into the room again, so that the air supply in each area is mixed, and even if the sterile area keeps positive pressure, pollution is inevitable. After the supervision engineer raised the question, the design unit changed the design to ensure the safety of patients seeking medical treatment. The arrangement of fan disk is also the part that supervision engineer should pay attention to. There is no automatic exhaust valve on the fan disk, which is easy to form an air plug after maintenance, which reduces the use efficiency of the fan disk, and manual exhaust brings great inconvenience to maintenance. The supervision engineer thinks that the fan disk should be installed below the backwater main pipe and above the water supply main pipe to facilitate centralized exhaust and achieve the purpose of maintenance.
2.4 supervision in the form of system
The design stage is an extremely important stage in architecture. The supervision engineer should do well in three aspects: (1) provide accurate and reliable external conditions for the design unit, so as not to bring trouble to the later construction and use. The supervision engineer shall assist the owner to ensure the accuracy of external conditions such as heat source, pipe diameter and pressure at the interface of heating system; (2) The supervision engineer must keep abreast of the latest information of current technologies and materials, avoid using outdated technologies and materials, ensure that the building reaches the advanced level, and save investment for the owner. Actively recommend advanced HVAC equipment and materials to the owners and design units, and try to use air-conditioning cold and heat sources, air-conditioning heating terminal equipment, boilers and heat exchange equipment promoted by the state. (3) After the design is completed, the supervision engineer must review the HVAC design part of the drawings, mainly to review whether there is any design in violation of state regulations in the drawings. And with other professional supervision engineer * * * with review whether there is a contradiction between professional. If problems are found, they should be reported to the design unit in time, and the modification should be supervised, so as to ensure that there are no problems in the design stage as far as possible and avoid the inconvenience in the construction stage and even the loss of the project. Especially for central air conditioning system, the equipment investment accounts for a relatively large proportion, and the operating cost is relatively high. Once the design is unreasonable, it will cause irreparable losses to the owner. The HVAC supervision engineer should combine his own professional knowledge, conduct a systematic and comprehensive analysis on the basis of experience, and judge whether the HVAC design is reasonable according to the report submitted by the design unit. If it is unreasonable, it shall negotiate with the design unit in time and put forward the modification opinions for the reference of the design unit.
3 Conclusion
HVAC supervision is an indispensable part of building supervision, which plays an increasingly important role in building supervision and provides a strong guarantee for building design and quality. However, there are still some deficiencies in the supervision of HVAC in China, which makes the role of supervision not fully played. Therefore, HVAC supervision engineers must have rich experience and professional knowledge, understand the relevant laws and regulations in China, and be familiar with the latest materials and technologies. At the same time, as a third party, they must also have good interpersonal coordination skills. In the process of supervision, strict procedures must be formulated, and the supervision plan can make the supervision achieve the expected purpose.
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