Long cangue, square cangue, line cangue, etc. What's the difference between these cangue in Water Margin?

In the water margin, we often see. Many prisoners will get tattoos on their faces and send them to some desolate places. In the process of being escorted, they will be given various instruments of torture to prevent them from resisting and escaping. Some prisoners in the prison will also be brought with various instruments of torture to restrict their movements. These instruments of torture were called cangue at that time. For example, many Liangshan heroes were convicted and brought instruments of torture. At that time, there was not only one kind of torture devices, such as long cangue, square cangue and line cangue. They have different functions. Let's look at the differences between them.

In fact, when the cangue came out, it was not used as a torture device. But as a farming tool for crops, it is used to beat wheat ears and other crops. However, with the development of the times, this tool gradually evolved, and around the Jin Dynasty, cangue began to be used as a torture device. According to the Book of Jin, cangue is a kind of torture device. So that later, cangue was used as a kind of torture device, and many other torture devices also evolved.

The first one is a long cangue. In the Water Margin, it appeared several times. This kind of torture device is special because of its long shape, so it is called? Long cangue? . According to some historical records, it is three meters long in the current unit, and its purpose is to restrict the movement of prisoners and prevent them from escaping and resisting. In the Water Margin, when Lei Heng was punished by Xie Ling, he wore a kind of shackles, that is, this kind of long cangue, and this kind of instruments of torture was also worn by Lu Junyi after he was arrested by the government. ?

There is also a kind of torture device called square cangue. This form of torture appears in many film and television works. A major feature of this kind of torture device is that the hands and neck are tied together with boards. Make the prisoner's hands and feet unable to move freely. ?

There is also a kind of torture device called gallows. This kind of torture device will be used in prisons and sent to remote areas. Its weight is also different. When prisoners are sent to the frontier, the instruments of torture will be lighter because of the long journey. When prisoners are in prison, they usually wear heavy instruments of torture. In the Water Margin, this new drama also appeared many times. For example, Bai Sheng was arrested, and Chai Jin was framed and arrested, all wearing this kind of torture device.