Chinese name
pigment
Foreign name
Paint or coating
use
Protect, decorate, mark and highlight.
Category type
Chemical mixture coating
physicochemical property
The paint is a viscous oily pigment, which is flammable under wet conditions, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in fat, soluble in alcohol, aldehyde, ether, benzene and alkane, soluble in gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil.
Paint, regardless of its variety or shape, consists of three basic substances: film-forming substance, secondary film-forming substance and auxiliary film-forming substance:
Film-forming substances: also known as adhesives, film-forming substances are mostly organic polymer compounds, such as natural resins (rosin, paint) and coatings (tung oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, fish oil, etc.). ), synthetic resin and other mixed components are formed by high temperature reaction, and some of them are inorganic coatings (such as inorganic zinc-rich coatings). Various film-forming substances are classified as ***xxx according to the national standard. It is the main body of paint and determines the performance of paint film. If there is no film-forming substance, pure pigments and auxiliary materials cannot form a paint film.
Secondary film-forming substances: including various pigments, physique pigments and antirust pigments. Pigment provides color and hiding power for paint film, and improves the protective performance and decorative effect of paint. Pigments with good weather resistance can improve the service life of coatings. Constitution pigment can increase the thickness of paint film, and make use of its "flake-like, needle-like" structure to form a fish-scale paint film through the accumulation and overlapping of pigments, thus improving the service life of paint film and the waterproof and antirust effects. Anti-rust pigments can prevent the surface of objects from being corroded by atmosphere and chemicals and the surface of metals from being corroded through their own physical and chemical anti-rust effects.
Auxiliary film-forming substances: including various additives and solvents. Various additives play a very important role in the production process, storage process, use process and film forming process of coatings. Although the dosage is small, it has a great influence on the performance of paint film. It can't even form a paint film, such as drying, sinking, caking and crusting.
Waterborne paints need additives to meet the requirements of production, construction, storage and film formation. The level of paint additives also represents the paint level of a country. Solvent, also known as "dispersion medium" (including all kinds of organic solvents and water), mainly dilutes film-forming substances to form viscous liquid, which is convenient for production and construction. The mixture of film-forming base material and dispersion medium is usually called coating.
Paint is an ancient name; Paint, the name of modern civilization, contains more scientific and technological components and is widely used in modern science and technology and industry. But it still retains some customary names of coatings, such as latex paint, primer and topcoat.
Generally speaking, paint is a substance that can be coated on the surface of the coated object to form a firmly attached continuous film. It can be inorganic, such as electroplating copper, nickel and zinc. It can also be organic, such as most organic polymer materials, which constitute the main part of today's coating market.
materials classification
1, depending on the coating form (powder, liquid)
2. According to the film-forming mechanism (conversion type and non-conversion type)
3, according to the construction method (brush, roller, spray, dip, shower, electrophoresis)
4, according to the drying method (room temperature drying, oven drying, moisture curing, steam curing, radiation curing).
5, according to the use level (primer, intermediate paint, topcoat, putty, etc. )
6, according to the coating appearance points (varnish, paint; Matt, flat light, matt, highlight; Hammer paint, embossed paint ...)
7. According to the application objects (automobile paint, ship paint, container paint, airplane paint, household appliance paint, etc.). ), marine coatings can also be divided into antirust coatings, anticorrosive coatings, antifouling coatings, weather-resistant coatings, heat resistant coatings and marine primers, hull paints, deck paints, marking paints, oil tank paints, battery compartment paints, ballast tank paints, ammunition compartment paints, living compartment paints, etc.
8. According to the performance of paint film (anticorrosive paint, insulating paint, conductive paint, heat-resistant paint ...)
9. According to the film-forming substances (alkyd, epoxy, chlorinated rubber, acrylic acid, polyurethane, ethylene, etc. ), each classification method has its own characteristics, but no matter which classification method can contain all the particularities of coatings, there is no unified classification method in the world. China's national standard GB 2705-92 adopts the classification method based on film-forming substances in coatings. Coatings are usually composed of binders (resins, adhesives), pigments, fillers, solvents and a small amount of functional additives, which can be divided into 17 categories according to the types of binders.
According to the performance characteristics, it can be divided into organic coatings, inorganic coatings, solvent-based coatings, solvent-free coatings, water-based coatings, powder coatings, high-solid coatings and thick paste coatings. According to its functional characteristics, it can be divided into enamel, colored paint, varnish, ready mixed paint, primer, topcoat and intermediate paint. Finished products include template paint, interior and exterior wall latex paint, fire-proof latex paint, etc.
Classification of architectural paints and coatings:
1. Natural lacquer (also known as national lacquer and raw lacquer): there are raw lacquer and cooked lacquer. Natural coatings have tough film, good durability, acid and heat resistance and good luster.
2. Paint: (1) Clear oil (commonly known as cooked oil and fish oil). Is prepared from refined drying oil and drier. It is often used as waterproof or moisture-proof coating, and can also be used to prepare original paint and ready mixed paint. (2) oily thick paint (3) oily ready mixed paint.
3. Resin paints and coatings: (1) varnish (resin paint) (2) enamel (3) varnish (common name: lacquer) (4) spray painting (nitrolacquer) (5) ready mixed paint. It is made of drying oil, pigment, solvent and drier.
Material type
First, wood paint.
(1) nitro varnish. Nitrocellulose varnish is a transparent coating made of nitrocellulose, alkyd resin, plasticizer and organic solvent. It belongs to volatile coatings and has the characteristics of fast drying and soft luster. Nitro varnish can be divided into bright, semi-matte and matte, which can be selected according to needs. Nitrocellulose paint also has its disadvantages: it is easy to whiten in high humidity weather, and its fullness and hardness are low.
(2) hand painting. Nitrocellulose paint is an opaque paint made of nitrocellulose, various synthetic resins, pigments and organic solvents. This kind of coating is specially prepared for manual construction and has the characteristics of quick drying.
(3) Main auxiliaries of nitrocellulose paint:
A. Tianna water. It is a colorless and transparent liquid with banana flavor and mixed with organic solvents such as ester, alcohol, benzene and ketone. Mainly plays the role of mixing nitrocellulose paint and curing.
B. white water Also known as waterproof white water, the scientific name is ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. During construction in wet weather, the paint film will turn white, which can be eliminated by adding nitro magnetized white water with dilution of 10%- 15%.
(4) polyester paint. It is a thick paint with polyester resin as the main film-forming substance. Polyester paint's paint film is plump, thick and hard. There are many kinds of varnishes in polyester paint, which are called polyester paint. Polyester paint needs curing during construction, and the dosage of these curing agents accounts for one third of the total paint. These curing agents are also called hardeners, and their main component is TDI (toluene dicyanate). These free TDI will turn yellow, which will not only make the furniture paint yellow, but also make the adjacent walls yellow, which is a major disadvantage of polyester paint. There is a yellowing-resistant polyester paint in the market, but it can only achieve "yellowing resistance". It is still impossible to completely prevent the code from being changed. In addition, excessive free TDI can also cause harm to human body.
(5) Polyurethane paint. Polyurethane paint is polyurethane paint. Hard paint film, full luster, strong adhesion, water resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, widely used in high-grade wooden furniture and metal surfaces. Its shortcomings mainly include foaming in case of tide, powdering of paint film and so on; Like polyester paint, there is also the problem of yellowing. The varnish variety of polyurethane paint is called polyurethane varnish.
Second, interior wall coating. Interior wall coatings are mainly divided into water-soluble coatings and latex paints. Latex paint is generally used for decoration. Latex paint is a kind of latex paint, which can be divided into two categories according to the different substrates: polyester ethylene emulsion and acrylic emulsion. Latex paint with water as diluent is a kind of paint with convenient construction, safety, washability and good air permeability, which can be mixed with different colors according to different color schemes. Latex paint is mainly composed of water, pigment, emulsion, filler and various additives. These raw materials are non-toxic, and the main toxic substances are ethylene glycol in the film former and organic mercury in the mildew inhibitor.
The so-called "latex paint" containing a lot of formaldehyde in the market is actually water-soluble paint, not latex paint. Some unscrupulous manufacturers just use inferior water-soluble paint to fake latex paint. Therefore, choosing genuine products and keeping ventilation are effective ways to prevent pollution.
Third, exterior wall coatings. The basic performance of exterior wall latex paint is similar to that of interior wall latex paint. But the paint film is hard and has stronger water resistance. Latex paint for exterior walls is generally used for exterior walls, and can also be used in wet places such as bathrooms.
Of course, interior latex paint can be used, but please don't try exterior interior latex paint.
Fourth, fire retardant coatings. Fire retardant coating is a kind of flame retardant coating made of film forming agent, flame retardant and foaming agent. Due to the extensive use of flammable materials such as wood and cloth, fire prevention has become a topic worth mentioning.
Five, galvanized steel paint
Six, aluminum alloy paint
Seven, floor paint
Eight, metal fluorocarbon coatings
Nine, stone colorful coatings
Ten, colorful coatings
Eleven, real stone paint
Woodworking paint
1, look at the packaging appearance and logo.
From the appearance of products, water-based wood paints are generally marked with the words water-based or water-soluble, and the English logo is water-based; Moreover, the words that can be diluted directly with water will be marked on the instructions of the product. Fake water-based wood paint can't be diluted with water because of the addition of solvent components.
2. Look at environmental standards
Read the paint test report first. Regular waterborne wood paint products in the general market must be sampled and tested by authoritative testing institutions before listing to determine whether the VOC content of their products really meets the requirements of national mandatory standards. Therefore, when purchasing water-based wood paint, consumers can ask manufacturers or distributors to provide product testing reports of testing institutions with CMA qualifications. Fake water-based wood paint simply can't provide an authoritative test report. Secondly, look at product certification. China's most authoritative product environmental certification is China Environmental Label Product Certification. In the market, the products produced by powerful water-based wood paint manufacturers have passed the environmental label product certification.
Step 3 look at the samples
The first is the color of the sample. According to the production process of waterborne wood paint, generally waterborne wood paint is produced by polymer modified emulsion technology or waterborne polyurethane dispersion technology. Waterborne wood paint is mainly composed of acrylic acid and polyurethane, which is generally light milky white or translucent; And 100% polyurethane waterborne wood paint, these products are generally translucent light yellow. The second is to smell the sample. Odorless is the most obvious feature of waterborne wood paint. Generally, after the lid is opened, the smell of water-based wood paint is very small, with a little oily smell. The counterfeit waterborne wood paint has a strong pungent solvent smell, and the expired waterborne wood paint has an obvious sour smell.
Step 4 look at the samples
Each kind of wood paint is equipped with corresponding samples, and users can touch and look at the samples when buying paint. For commonly used transparent varnish and white topcoat, it has fine and smooth feel, no yellowing, uniform luster, high transparency of transparent varnish, flawless white topcoat and high hiding power.
Step 5 look at the service
Paint is only a semi-finished product. In order to obtain the ideal decoration effect, not only high-quality products are needed, but also good construction technology is needed, which requires manufacturers or merchants to provide perfect services, including purchase guidance, cost accounting, technical consultation, construction guidance, and rapid solution of construction problems.
decorative coatings
When choosing paint color, we must consider it comprehensively. First of all, we should consider the functional requirements and aesthetic requirements. In addition, we should also consider the characteristics of space form and decorative materials. Generally speaking, the color of the bedroom is better to be warm and softer. The bedroom should choose bright colors, the study should be elegant, solemn and harmonious, and the restaurant should be warm.
1, choose the color according to the shape of the room.
Color can change people's feelings about the shape of a room to some extent. For example, cool colors can make a lower ceiling look taller and make a narrow room wider. Using dark colors on the wall far away from the room will move that wall forward. Similar effects can change the appearance of any room.
2, the top surface should generally use light color.
Light colors make people feel light and dark colors make people feel heavy. Usually, the room is handled from top to bottom, from shallow to deep. For example, the ceiling and walls of the room are white and light, the dado is white and light, and the baseboard is dark, which will give people a sense of stability. On the contrary, top-heavy will give people a sense of oppression.
3. Choose the color according to the purpose of the room.
The purpose of the room often determines the effect you want to create. The living room should be bright, relaxed or warm and comfortable, while the dining room can be dark. The kitchen is always suitable for using light and bright colors, but we should pay attention to using warm colors carefully. Corridors and hallways are just passages, so you can use colors boldly. The style of the bedroom is completely determined by different people's tastes.
4. Choose the color according to the orientation of the room.
The room facing east leaves the room the earliest because it gets sunlight, so it gets dark earlier, so it is often safest to use light warm colors. The room facing south has the longest sunshine time, and the use of cool colors often makes people feel more comfortable and the effect of the room is more charming. The room facing west is influenced by the strongest sunset in a day, so it seems more comfortable to use deep cold tones. Because there is no direct sunlight in the room facing north, we should tend to use warm colors and light colors when choosing colors.
Purchase misunderstanding
Misunderstanding 1. Pay attention to price and ignore quality.
When many people buy wall paint, it is easy to go into the misunderstanding that price is more important than quality. Some people think that the higher the paint price, the better, so they choose the most expensive one, but the experimental results show that this is not the case. On the other hand, in order to save money, the lower the price, the better, saving a lot of money, but the wall quality and indoor environment are worrying in the future. Therefore, it is suggested that you pay attention to the quality of wall paint as much as possible after considering the price, and generally choose a big brand with good reputation.
Myth # 2: Pay attention to packaging, but ignore the inside.
When consumers buy latex paint, it is very necessary to look at the packaging often. However, it should be noted that the packaged coating is not necessarily of excellent internal quality. In order to attract customers, some manufacturers make a big fuss about the packaging of products, deliberately exaggerating the performance and efficacy of products. Therefore, consumers are advised to pay attention to other aspects besides product packaging, such as checking the detailed inspection report of products.
Myth 3: The color card is exactly the same as the wall color.
Many consumers think that the color of paint on the color card is exactly the same as that on the wall, which is a misunderstanding. Because of light reflection and other reasons, after all the four walls of the room are painted, the wall color will look darker than the color card. The color that consumers see on the color card is usually different from the actual color of the paint on the wall. Therefore, it is suggested that when consumers choose colors in color cards, it is best to choose their favorite color number with a slightly lighter color. If they like dark walls, they can adjust them to the same color as the selected color card.
Myth 4. Don't estimate the amount of paint in advance.
Many consumers have not estimated the amount of paint in advance, fearing that they will buy less, and the more they buy, the better. This may cause waste of materials, increase the cost of home improvement, and at the same time, excessive paint accumulation will also have a certain impact on construction safety. Therefore, it is suggested that consumers must see the area of the building area clearly before construction, so as to estimate the amount of materials to be purchased. A relatively simple method to estimate the amount of paint is: the amount of paint required for a layer of paint (L)= (wall area x2.5)/ coating area per liter.
Myth 5: tasteless and environmentally friendly.
Many people judge the safety of wall paint by smell, and think that low-odor or odorless wall paint is environmentally friendly. This is a big misunderstanding. Because odorless coatings can be achieved by adding essence or using low-odor materials, not all odorless coatings are environmentally friendly and non-toxic. The most professional way to judge the environmental protection of wall paint is to see whether its environmental protection index meets the standard. There are three key environmental indicators of wall paint: VOC, free formaldehyde and heavy metals.
Harmful substance
Volatile organic compound
VOC is the abbreviation of volatile organic compound. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are those that eventually volatilize into the atmosphere without forming a paint film. Volatile organic compounds will react with oxygen in the air to generate ozone, which is harmful to the atmospheric environment and human health.
TDI
TDI mainly exists in the paint in decoration and comes from the synthesis of curing agent for PU paint. Excessive free TDI will do harm to human body, mainly manifested as sensitization and irritation, with symptoms such as eye pain, tears, conjunctival congestion, cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, asthma, red papules, maculopapules, contact allergies and so on.
formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a strong pungent smell. Volatile and highly toxic, 35% ~ 40% formaldehyde aqueous solution is called formalin. Formaldehyde is highly toxic.
Benzene, toluene and xylene
Benzene is highly toxic, while toluene and xylene are low toxic. Inhaling a certain amount of benzene, toluene and xylene will cause poisoning and even damage the hematopoietic system and nervous system.
Soluble heavy metals
Heavy metals refer to metals with a density greater than 4.5g/cm3, such as lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury. Some resins, pigments or driers in paint will contain soluble heavy metals. If you are exposed to heavy metals such as lead for a long time, it can cause mild neurasthenia syndrome and dyspepsia, and in severe cases, anemia and lead paralysis will occur.
All kinds of coatings are composed of film-forming substances (various resins), solvents, pigments, desiccants and additives. Ordinary paint usually takes gasoline as solvent, epoxy iron red primer contains a small amount of xylene, and impregnating paint mainly contains toluene and a small amount of benzene. Spray paint (nitrolacquer) and thinner (banana oil) contain a lot of benzene or toluene and xylene. The main occupational hazard of paint production is inhalation of organic solvent vapor, which makes the proportion of serious diseases such as aplastic anemia, leukemia, tuberculosis and pleurisy quite high. Most painters who have worked for more than 10 years have symptoms of cough, fatigue, headache, chest tightness and limb weakness.
material protection
First of all, you should choose good paint, not environmental protection paint. Water-based paint (diluted with water, without any toxic and harmful solvent) is basically used to replace solvent-based paint. Although there are many healthy and environmentally friendly waterborne paints, they are not widely used. Secondly, workers should wear masks and gloves during construction to avoid direct contact between paint and skin; Open all windows for ventilation during construction. In addition, usually eat more foods with high vitamin content and drink more boiled water. Recently, the World Health Organization listed formaldehyde as a first-class carcinogen. Long-term exposure will not only cause respiratory diseases and infertility, but also greatly increase the probability of cancer in nasal cavity, mouth, throat, skin and other organs. With the increasing demand for healthy home improvement, new home improvement coatings such as diatom mud, shell powder and activated carbon appear in people's sight. When purchasing, consumers should first understand the basic properties of their main raw materials, and at the same time, they should ask the merchants to show the test report of the authoritative department of the state, and understand the green environmental performance of the products through strong factual evidence. We pay more and more attention to the harm of paint, and good non-toxic paint has become the first choice for consumers. Of course, more and more water-based paints appear in China, and their environmental protection, non-toxic and harmless characteristics provide people with the first choice.
Judgment skill
Green environmental protection coating
The first point: look at the toxicity of paint solvents, that is, those solvents that will cause diseases after contact with the human body or inhalation. It is well known that benzene and methanol are toxic solvents. Ethylene glycol ether is also a highly toxic solvent, and its use has been strictly prohibited. Toxic solvents will cause direct harm to production and construction personnel, so you must pay attention to whether these solvents are contained in paint components.
The second point: user safety. Generally speaking, after the paint is dried, the solvent of the paint can basically volatilize completely, but some solvents volatilize slowly. Although the amount of these solvents is not large, if they are exposed to toxic substances for a long time, they will also cause harm to human health. Therefore, when purchasing coatings, we must see whether the use of solvents is strictly restricted.
The third point: look at the VOC content of the paint. The lower the content, the more environmentally friendly the coating is. VOC is a volatile organic compound, which is the abbreviation of VolatileOr-ganicCompound. Refers to the organic compounds that can volatilize by themselves in coating products at normal temperature and pressure. The restrictions on the amount of solvent used in coatings abroad are more and more strict. Some commonly used solvents such as toluene, xylene, butanone, acetate, etc. Are restricted, and ethanol is no exception.
Dose formula
The dosage of wall latex paint =110 * total wall area *2 (brush twice)
Furniture primer dosage =115 * area to be coated *3 (brush for three times)
Furniture topcoat dosage =115 * area to be coated *2 (brush twice)