On comprehensively strengthening population and family planning work
A decision to solve the population problem as a whole
(65438+February 2006)
Zhong Fa [2006] No.22
In order to implement the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 16th National Congress, adhere to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, implement the important strategic thinking of Scientific Outlook on Development and build a harmonious socialist society, comprehensively strengthen the population and family planning work in the new period, and make overall plans to solve China's population problem, we hereby make the following decisions.
A clear understanding of the importance and urgency of comprehensively strengthening China's population and family planning work.
The population problem has always been a major problem that restricts the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of China, and it is also a key factor that affects the economic and social development. Since the implementation of family planning in China, the population born in China has exceeded 400 million, which has achieved a historic change in the type of population reproduction ahead of schedule, effectively relieved the population's pressure on resources and environment, and effectively promoted economic development and social progress. Practice has proved that China's adherence to the basic national policy of family planning has had a great impact on building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, realizing national prosperity and national rejuvenation, and played an important role in promoting world population and development.
At present, the population and family planning work situation in China is generally good. At the same time, we must clearly see that China's population development presents an unprecedented complex situation, and the low fertility level is facing the real risk of rebound. In the first half of the 20th century, the total population, the working-age population and the elderly population will reach the peak. In the next ten years, the momentum of population inertia growth will remain strong, and the total population will still increase by 800-100000 people every year; The overall level of population quality is not high, so it is difficult to adapt to the fierce competition of comprehensive national strength; The working-age population is huge, and the employment situation is more severe; The aging population is increasing, and social security is facing unprecedented pressure; The high sex ratio at birth brings hidden dangers to social stability; The continuous increase of floating population poses a great challenge to the allocation of public resources; The structure of the poor population tends to be diversified, and the task of promoting balanced social development is very arduous. In short, the national conditions of large population and small per capita possession, the heavy pressure of population on economic and social development, and the tense relationship between population and resources and environment are the outstanding contradictions and problems faced by building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious socialist society.
The main problems to achieve sound and rapid economic and social development in China are closely related to the population quantity, quality, structure and distribution. Any mistake in the population issue will have an irreversible long-term impact on economic and social development. It is a strategic choice to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to solve the population problem in an all-round way, turn the population pressure into the advantage of human resources and provide lasting impetus for economic and social development. The whole party must do a good job in population and family planning in the new period from the height of fully implementing Scientific Outlook on Development, building the party for the public, governing for the people, building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious socialist society, and from the height of being responsible for the future development of the Chinese nation.
Second, unswervingly take the road of overall planning to solve the population problem with China characteristics.
China has accumulated rich experience in the practice of population and family planning for more than 30 years, mainly including: we must adhere to the basic national policy of family planning for a long time, stabilize and improve the population policy and birth policy; Adhere to the comprehensive decision-making of population and development, and give full play to the leading role of the party and the government in population and family planning work; Adhere to the combination of national guidance with the voluntary participation of the masses, publicity and education with interest orientation, administrative management with mass work, overall promotion with classified guidance, strengthen and improve population and family planning work, and promote people's all-round development; Adhere to theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, management innovation and scientific and technological innovation, and constantly improve the level of administration according to law, social management and public service in population and family planning work; Adhere to an open and pragmatic attitude to carry out international cooperation and exchanges on population and development, and establish a responsible image of a populous country.
During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, population and family planning work has entered a new stage of stabilizing the low fertility level, solving the population problem as a whole and promoting the all-round development of people. Facing the new situation and tasks, we should not only adhere to the basic experience that has been effective for many years, but also emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times, study new situations and solve new problems, and constantly enrich and develop the ideas, connotations and ways of solving population problems with China characteristics. To fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, we should give priority to investing in people's all-round development, stabilize the low fertility level, improve the quality of the population, improve the population structure, guide the rational distribution of the population, ensure population safety, promote the transformation from a populous country to a powerful country with human capital, and promote the coordinated and sustainable development of population, economy, society, resources and environment.
The focus and difficulty of population and family planning work are in rural areas. China's rural productivity is underdeveloped, the development of public utilities is lagging behind, the social security system is not perfect, the people's fertility wishes have not fundamentally changed, the development of basic work at the grass-roots level is unbalanced, the management service of floating population lacks effective means, it faces many difficulties in stabilizing the low fertility level, and the structural contradictions and deep-seated problems of the population are increasingly prominent. Therefore, we must persist in coordinating urban and rural economic and social development, regard rural areas as the top priority to stabilize the low fertility level and solve the population problem as a whole, and incorporate rural population and family planning work into the overall deployment of building a new socialist countryside to further create a new situation in China's population and family planning work.
Third, do everything possible to stabilize the low fertility level.
Stabilizing the low fertility level is the primary task of population and family planning work in the new period, and the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period is the key period to realize this task. A comprehensive analysis of China's economic, social and population development trends shows that by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, China's total population (excluding Hongkong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province) should be controlled within 654.38+0.36 billion people; By 2020, the total population will be controlled at around 654.38+0.45 billion, and the total fertility rate will be controlled below the replacement level.
To this end, we must adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, stabilize the current birth policy, and the top leaders of the party and government should take overall responsibility, stabilize the institutions and teams of population and family planning work, and constantly innovate the systems, mechanisms, means and methods of population and family planning work. Comprehensively strengthen basic work at the grassroots level, adhere to the combination of administration according to law, ideological and political education and interest orientation, comprehensively use legal, administrative, educational and economic means, and establish and improve a long-term working mechanism of management according to law, village (neighborhood) people's autonomy, quality service, policy promotion and comprehensive management.
Establish and improve the government-led, social supplementary and interest-oriented population and family planning policy system. Family planning families contribute to the country, and the country should give priority to family planning families to share the fruits of reform and development. We will fully implement the rural family planning reward and assistance system and the project of "having fewer children and getting rich quickly", and implement the reward system for only-child parents and the free basic technical service system for family planning. Actively explore the establishment of family support for disabled and deceased only children, long-term birth control measures, birth control surgery insurance, and a one-time reward system for urban family planning couples. Family planning families who meet the conditions of social assistance are given help through urban and rural subsistence allowances, medical assistance, rural five-guarantee households' support, and poor households' living assistance. In terms of employment training, cooperative medical care, poverty alleviation and development, homestead division, water improvement and toilet improvement, biogas application, new technology popularization, etc., all relevant departments should formulate and improve preferential policies for family planning families, especially rural one-child two-daughter households. In accordance with the principle of separation of responsibilities such as qualification confirmation, fund management, fund distribution and social supervision, we will ensure that every eligible object receives rewards and benefits and enjoys preferential policies.
Strengthen ideological and political education. Combined with the "Five-Year Plan", we will further strengthen the publicity of population and family planning legal system, carry out in-depth education on ethnic policies, national conditions and population situation, actively advocate a scientific, civilized and progressive concept of marriage and childbearing, promote population and family planning policies to benefit the people, and guide the masses to abide by the law and consciously implement family planning.
Adhere to management according to law. Seriously deal with violations of discipline and law, and collect social support fees for illegal births according to law; If it causes adverse effects, it can be publicly exposed; Party member and cadres should be severely punished according to discipline and law.
Fourth, vigorously improve the quality of the birth population.
Improving the quality of the birth population is related to the happiness of thousands of families and the future of the country and the nation. It is necessary to scientifically formulate plans and action plans to improve the quality of the birth population, strengthen the capacity building of birth defect intervention, fully implement the birth defect intervention project, and implement a regular evaluation and notification system. Population and family planning technical service institutions and medical and health care institutions shall cooperate closely within the scope of their respective duties, vigorously publicize and popularize the scientific knowledge of preventing birth defects, implement the family planning reproductive health promotion plan, strengthen consultation and guidance on marriage and childbearing, and actively carry out pre-marital and pre-pregnancy health care, maternal health care, prenatal screening and diagnosis, postpartum visit, neonatal disease screening and rehabilitation. Promote hospital delivery and breastfeeding, and provide necessary fertility assistance and safe delivery for poor women.
Advocate scientific premarital examination. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS to prevent mother-to-child transmission of AIDS. To study, evaluate and intervene the main risk factors affecting birth defects, such as biological heredity, social environment and unhealthy lifestyle. Vigorously popularize the scientific knowledge of infant rearing and family education, and carry out early infant education. Strengthen the social behavior education and training of the only child.
Five, comprehensive management of the problem of high sex ratio at birth.
The high sex ratio at birth and its long duration will inevitably affect social stability and concern the vital interests of the broad masses of the people. It is necessary to establish a working mechanism of party and government responsibility, departmental cooperation and mass participation, and strengthen the process evaluation and responsibility assessment of comprehensive management. In-depth activities such as "caring for girls" and "new style of marriage and childbirth" were carried out. Focusing on eliminating gender discrimination, we will widely publicize civilized concepts of marriage and childbearing such as equality between men and women, fewer children and better children, and popularize knowledge of laws and regulations to protect the rights and interests of women and children. Formulate social and economic policies conducive to the healthy growth of girls and the development of women, and promote equal employment and participation in social and economic activities between men and women. Give incentives to rural family planning daughters, give preferential treatment to family planning daughters in poverty alleviation, charity assistance, loan discount, employment arrangement and project support, and promote social welfare activities such as "happiness project" and "Spring Bud Plan". Encourage men to settle in women's homes, and protect women's inheritance rights such as homesteads and houses and land contracting rights according to law.
Non-medical fetal sex identification and sex-selective artificial termination of pregnancy are strictly prohibited. Establish systems such as B-ultrasound examination, artificial termination of pregnancy registration, pregnancy detection and pregnancy process management. Improve the B-ultrasound qualification certification and access system. Strict prescription management is implemented for drugs for terminating pregnancy and drugs for promoting ovulation. Severely crack down on the illegal acts of fetal sex identification and artificial termination of pregnancy through sex selection by legal means, severely punish the criminal activities of drowning, abandonment, mutilation of baby girls, abduction and trafficking of women and children, discrimination and abuse of women who give birth to baby girls, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Implement the reporting system and strengthen social supervision.
Six, constantly improve the floating population management service system.
The population of China is very mobile. Doing a good job in the management and service of floating population and realizing the orderly flow and rational distribution of population are related to the overall situation of reform, development and stability, and to the long-term stability of low fertility level. Deepen the reform of the floating population management service system. Gradually change the dual structure of urban and rural areas, establish a unified population registration system in urban and rural areas, improve the birth population registration and vital statistics system, and implement the residence permit system for floating population. Incorporate floating population management services into local economic and social development planning to promote the integration of floating population into urban life. Solve the practical difficulties of floating population in employment, medical treatment, settlement and children's nursery, and gradually bring migrant workers into the social security system to protect their legitimate rights and interests.
Establish a new system of unified family planning management and quality service for floating population. The floating population will be included in the total population of the inflow area, and the two-way assessment of target management based on the inflow area will be implemented. Improve the floating population family planning management institutions and service networks, equipped with the necessary community family planning full-time (part-time) staff. In accordance with the principle of "territorial management and citizen service", the inflow place will bring the family planning management service of the floating population into the regular scope of work and provide the same free service as the registered population. Incorporate the funds for family planning management services for migrant workers into the financial budgets at all levels. Strengthen the registration system of floating population in the community, and realize the timely change, remote inquiry and tracking management of floating population information. The relevant departments shall cooperate closely with the population and family planning departments to exchange information when handling business, work, purchase, rent and social security procedures for the floating population. Establish family planning associations in communities, enterprises and bazaars where floating population is concentrated. The outflow place should cooperate with the inflow place and do a good job in publicity and training for the outflow personnel, free marriage and childbirth certificates and other related work.
Seven, actively respond to the aging population.
At present, China has entered an aging society, and the number of elderly people aged 60 and above has reached 65.438+0.44 billion, accounting for 654.38+0.03% of the total population. It is necessary to formulate and implement strategic plans and policies for the development of the cause of the elderly, take the gradual establishment of an old-age security system covering urban and rural residents as the focus of social security system construction, and build an old-age service system based on home-based care for the elderly, supported by community services and supplemented by institutional care for the elderly.
Rural areas should explore the establishment of various forms of family planning old-age insurance system. Where conditions permit, an old-age service institution with the participation of the government, the collective and the society can be established. For the elderly parents of rural family planning families who can't take care of themselves, appropriate subsidies shall be given according to the regulations. For families of martyrs, widowed elderly people and other elderly people with special difficulties, old-age assistance will be given according to regulations.
Cities should gradually improve the basic old-age insurance system combining social pooling with individual accounts, and build a multi-level urban old-age security system. Actively develop knowledge and experience-intensive service industries suitable for the characteristics of the elderly, and provide opportunities for the elderly to participate in society as much as possible. Improve the proportion of old-age service institutions in urban planning, develop community venues and service facilities for the elderly, formulate preferential policies, and encourage the society to set up various old-age service institutions.
Carry forward the good social fashion of respecting, supporting and helping the elderly, and actively explore and implement projects such as "caring for the elderly". Start with the prevention and health care of the elderly, advocate a healthy lifestyle, and create an environment for safe travel and convenient life. Explore the establishment of socialized service systems such as elderly service volunteers, nursing savings and long-term care insurance. Vigorously carry forward the traditional virtues of child support, family pension and neighborhood mutual assistance. It is necessary to strengthen supervision by public opinion, and those who refuse to support or abuse their parents should be investigated for legal responsibility. Vigorously develop the pension industry and establish a market for pension products and services that meet special needs.
Eight, effectively increase the population and family planning security.
Population and family planning are important components of government social management and public services. Public investment in population and family planning is the basic investment for maintaining stability and promoting development. Increase investment in finance, infrastructure, manpower and science and technology to ensure the sustained and healthy development of population and family planning.
Establish an investment guarantee mechanism for stable growth. The growth rate of financial investment in population and family planning is higher than the growth rate of recurrent financial revenue, so as to ensure the implementation of various preferential policies stipulated by laws and regulations, the capital construction and team building of county and township population and family planning technical service institutions, regular family planning work and free basic family planning technical services. Finance at all levels should increase investment year by year. By 20 10, the national per capita population and family planning expenditure will increase to 22 yuan on the basis of 10 yuan at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, we will continue to arrange the per capita expenditure of population and family planning in the financial budget, including social support and township (town) overall planning fees. By then, the per capita expenditure of population and family planning funds invested by governments at all levels will reach 30 yuan. Encourage enterprises, social organizations and individuals to invest in population and family planning. Actively use the market mechanism to attract domestic and foreign funds by setting up funds and developing insurance types. Strengthen supervision and inspection, and seriously investigate and deal with violations of discipline and law in the issuance of incentive preferential funds and the collection, management and use of social support fees.
Strengthen the population and family planning management service system. Form administrative departments, service agencies, autonomous organizations and mass organizations with different characteristics, consistent goals, up-and-down interaction, information sharing and efficient operation. We will earnestly strengthen the construction of the grass-roots service system, and the state will focus on supporting the construction of central service stations and mobile service vehicles in counties (cities, districts) and townships (towns) in the central and western regions. Take advantage of the network, face healthy and sub-healthy people, and perform functions such as publicity and education, technical service, information consultation, drug distribution and personnel training. We will implement the "New Rural New Family Plan" and "Fertility Care Action" to provide services such as family planning, reproductive health and family health care.
Strengthen the professional construction of the population and family planning team. We will improve the professional title system of population and family planning professionals, explore the establishment of a professional qualification certificate system for population and family planning professionals and professionals, and strive to form a reasonably structured professional and technical team during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. Implement performance appraisal and improve the mechanism of personnel access, selection and appointment, introduction and training, and exchange and withdrawal.
Accelerate the informatization construction of population and family planning. Give full play to the role of population and family planning information network from the central government to provinces, cities, counties, townships and villages, develop and operate comprehensive application systems such as population macro-control management, population development trend prediction, population safety early warning and prediction, grass-roots management services, integrated management of floating population, and incentive and preferential information management, and improve the construction, development and utilization of information resources related to major issues of national economic and social development such as population quantity, quality, structure, distribution, migration, employment and poverty.
Actively promote scientific and technological innovation in family planning and reproductive health. Establish a public science and technology service system with public welfare research institutions as the main body, rely on universities and key scientific research institutions to build internationally advanced research bases and discipline systems for family planning and reproductive health, and set up a number of interdisciplinary national key laboratories and engineering technology research centers. Give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine, use high-tech achievements such as biotechnology, information technology and new material technology to carry out joint research on key issues in the field of family planning and reproductive health, and strive to make breakthrough progress. Vigorously develop family planning and reproductive health industries.
Nine, to further strengthen the leadership of population and family planning work.
Population and family planning work has a long way to go in the new period. Party and government leading cadres at all levels should fully understand the long-term and arduous nature of stabilizing the low fertility level, solve the overall complexity and urgency of the population problem, the strategic opportunities and favorable conditions brought by economic and social development to population and family planning work, resolutely overcome blind optimism and paralysis, and earnestly enhance the firmness, initiative and creativity of doing a good job in population and family planning work.
Establish and improve the decision-making and regulation mechanism to solve the population problem as a whole. Party committees and governments at all levels should put population and family planning work on an important agenda, study and solve major problems, deploy important tasks, and strengthen overall coordination, supervision and inspection. Incorporate the population development strategy and planning into the overall plan for national economic and social development. Formulate an evaluation system for population development, improve the forecasting and early warning system for population development and population security, and monitor the implementation of population development planning. Further improve the local leading bodies and coordination mechanisms for population and family planning work at all levels. We will improve the target management responsibility system, assess the party and government leaders, responsible departments and population and family planning departments respectively, and implement the "one-vote veto" system. Adhere to the population and family planning work into the scope of supervision of major central issues. Party committees and governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should make special reports on population and family planning work in their respective regions to the Central Committee every year. Reform the management system, transform government functions, further implement the responsibility system for population and family planning work of legal representatives of organs, enterprises and social organizations, and give full play to the important role of mass organizations such as family planning associations in grassroots population and family planning work.
Comprehensively strengthen the legal construction of population and family planning. Further improve the system of laws and regulations, strictly implement the "Population and Family Planning Law of the People's Republic of China" and other laws and regulations, conscientiously sum up effective successful experiences and management systems, and revise or formulate relevant laws and regulations in a timely manner. Effectively improve the level of administration according to law, adhere to law enforcement for the people, open government affairs, respect the people's right to know, participate and supervise, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of family planning. The implementation of the responsibility system for administrative law enforcement of population and family planning, which has serious consequences for violations of discipline and law, shall be given disciplinary sanctions until legal responsibility is investigated.
Stabilize and improve grass-roots working institutions and teams. In the comprehensive rural reform and the adjustment of urban administrative divisions, it is necessary to ensure the stability of population and family planning institutions and personnel, and it is not allowed to merge or change the nature of institutions at will. Accelerate the reform of the population and family planning management system. According to the proportion of permanent residents, the population and family planning staff are equipped. The family planning work at the county and township levels has special posts and arduous tasks, so it is necessary to implement the wages and social security benefits of grassroots staff according to regulations. Population and family planning technical service institutions are engaged in public welfare services, and their funds are guaranteed by finance. Select outstanding talents with both ability and political integrity, and enrich and strengthen the leadership team of the population and family planning department. We should pay attention to training and using outstanding cadres with outstanding achievements.
Strengthen publicity and education on population and family planning. Newspapers, radio, television, internet and other mass media, especially major media, should make good plans, adopt flexible and lively forms, continuously and widely publicize the population and family planning policies, summarize and report advanced experiences and models, and expand the coverage and influence of publicity. Schools above secondary level should incorporate population, family planning and reproductive health into the teaching content of related courses or offer special lectures. Make use of various cultural sites and publicity channels in urban communities and rural grass-roots units to carry out popular population and cultural activities.
Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in the field of population and development, expand North-South dialogue, promote South-South cooperation, establish a partnership of mutual respect and common development, and strive for broad understanding and support from the international community. Actively participate in the formulation of international assistance and international rules in the field of population and development. Follow the spirit of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the United Nations Millennium Declaration to further promote the development of human rights and improve the level of human rights protection.
The population and family planning work of the China People's Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police Force shall be formulated separately by the China People's Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force with reference to the spirit of this decision.