Date: 2065438+February 8 -65438+4.
? People-centered reading guidance therapy is also called visitor-centered therapy. Rogers believes that therapeutic changes can occur after some conditions are met. It emphasizes understanding and caring for visitors, rather than diagnosis, advice and persuasion. In the contact with consultants, visitors are anxious and uncoordinated. Counselors must accept and care about visitors sincerely and unconditionally, truly understand their thoughts, thoughts, feelings and inner experiences, and convey their understanding to visitors. When visitors realize these conditions provided by consultants, changes in treatment are bound to occur. The core view of humanistic therapy is sincerity, acceptance and empathy.
Based on the counseling cases of depression, this paper expounds the application and experience of the author's help-seeking center therapy in psychological counseling and psychotherapy of depression.
People-centered therapy is also called visitor-centered therapy. Rogers believes that therapeutic changes can occur after some conditions are met. It emphasizes understanding and caring for visitors, rather than diagnosis, advice and persuasion. In the contact with consultants, visitors are anxious and uncoordinated. Counselors must accept and care about visitors sincerely and unconditionally, truly understand their thoughts, thoughts, feelings and inner experiences, and convey their understanding to visitors. When visitors realize these conditions provided by consultants, changes in treatment are bound to occur. The core view of humanistic therapy is sincerity, acceptance and empathy. The goal of treatment is to shift in the way of self-guidance, rather than thinking too much about pleasing others and satisfying their wishes. When the helper begins to change to the direction of self-development, the symptoms will be eliminated. Humanism believes that people-centered therapy is a kind of therapy, not a set of techniques.
First, sincerity
Humanism has always emphasized the role of psychological counseling in psychotherapy. The integrity of consultants plays a vital role in the establishment of consulting relationship. Sincerity is the natural expression of psychological counselors' inner personality, and any false and artificial sincerity is an obstacle for visitors. Psychological counselors listen to visitors calmly, sincerely and intently, which will be directly observed, because people with depression are very sensitive. This kind of heart-to-heart communication may get a response in a short time, thus establishing the next consultation relationship. Often in the initial interview, due to the sincerity of the psychological counselor, visitors will naturally reveal their deep feelings. When this deeply repressed emotion began to show, the wounds of the soul began to be repaired and the ability of self-healing was stimulated. People with depression often hesitate when they begin to seek treatment. They are very sensitive to criticism and rejection. When they feel the same sincerity, they will be very gratified and the relationship will be established.
Ms. Z is 36 years old. Because depression has seriously affected her normal work and life, she came to consult with a glimmer of hope. The consultant accepted Ms. Z with her sincere and caring from the heart, and made every effort to let Ms. Z's heart be fully vented. Ms. Z finally shed tears of pain and injustice. "When they face the reality with sadness, the transformation begins." Strangely, the day after the first interview, the consultant unexpectedly met Ms. Z in the street. Ms. Z's daughter happily told the counselor, "Aunt, mom got up this morning and didn't hit me for the first time." (It turns out that Ms. Z can't help hitting her children every morning recently because of depression. )
Second, accept:
Humanism holds that counselors (therapists) must unconditionally accept and recognize the true colors of seekers: injury, pain, eccentricity and goodwill. Counselors don't judge the positive or negative personal qualities of the help seekers, so the value conditions imposed on the help seekers by others are not strengthened by counselors, which makes the help seekers close to the true self.
People with depression are very fragile inside. They really want to support and accept, but at the same time they are very afraid of criticism and rejection from others. They have to arm themselves with loneliness. They will suppress themselves more deeply and eventually fall into the quagmire of depression. Therefore, in the process of consultation, the consultant should completely walk out of his own frame of reference, truly stand in the position of the helper, put himself in the inner feelings of the helper, and appropriately let the helper feel that someone understands me and I am not isolated and helpless, so that the helper has a sense of belonging and spiritual dependence, so that they do not blame themselves and ignore their true feelings, thus building confidence and bravely undertaking life.
Before Ms. L came to consult, she had been to psychological clinics in five hospitals. When she came here to tell her story, she was exhausted several times because of emotional loss. While listening attentively, the psychological counselor lost no time to express her understanding, prompting her to express her heart at a deeper level. When Ms. L walked out of the consulting room, she couldn't help patting her chest and saying, "My heart is finally down to earth." A week later, Ms. L said that her symptoms had obviously improved, especially the sad image that occupied her mind disappeared, and she was trying to rebuild her family.
In the process of consultation, the consultant always listens attentively, especially shows deep understanding and acceptance to the true emotional expression of the visitors. When listening to the description of the helper, the psychological counselor will constantly see the visual picture in his mind and will try his best to understand the inner world of the helper. Only by accepting the emotional package of the helper in this atmosphere without any criticism and accusation can he really let go, enter the life experience lightly and rethink his own development. In the fragile inner world of depressed patients, once they feel rejected, they will retreat deeper. When they feel accepted, they can re-examine their self-worth, and their inner sense of worthlessness and lack of desire will gradually fade away, prompting them to break free from the hard armor of depression and act bravely.
Third, empathy
Humanism believes that empathy refers to thinking from the perspective of others. It is a sensitive and dynamic technology that changes feelings with others' feelings. This is an attitude. In the psychotherapy of depression, this empathy and the helper's perception of the therapist's empathy run through the whole treatment process. When the conditions of sincerity, acceptance and empathy are conveyed and perceived, changes in treatment will occur. When Ms. Z was introduced for consultation, she held a try attitude and her eyes were slightly hostile. However, with the deepening of consultation, Ms. Z finally put down her guard and stopped blaming herself, thus establishing self-confidence and taking on the responsibility of life. The counselor also suggested that Ms. Z go to the hospital for treatment. When she was severely depressed, Ms. Z had hallucinations, but for various reasons, Ms. Z did not take medicine. In the interaction with the consultant, Ms. Z felt a pleasant experience, which was slowly surging in her heart after she freely revealed it. Three months later, Ms. A completely got rid of depression. Humanism believes that frequent self-disclosure is a sign of healthy personality and the main way to improve personal adaptability. In the process of consultation, the expression of empathy and empathy will prompt the help-seekers to express their deep feelings step by step, thus achieving the therapeutic effect.
Fourth, the hidden secret.
This is a true story, which is somewhat similar to the "forever kept secret" quoted by Jerry.M.Rurger in Personality Psychology.
Ms. B, who is in her forties, has a son and a daughter. Her husband works in a public institution, and the relationship between husband and wife is harmonious. Her husband is a very family-oriented person. In the eyes of people around her, this is a very happy family, but for more than ten years, Ms. B has been deeply depressed and attempted suicide several times. When Ms. B finally got up the courage to walk into the church and finally revealed the secret buried in her heart in front of the priest, she felt that the big stone that was pressing on her heart was finally pushed away.
When Ms. B was a child, her parents died and she was brought up by her aunt. After getting married, Ms. B's single menstruation lives with her * * *, and there are often some frictions between menstruation and her nephew. After they had a quarrel, Ms. B put a bottle of pesticide on the table and went to work. Ms. B didn't really want menstruation dead. She wanted to scare her aunt. At ten o'clock in the morning, Ms. B suddenly felt very worried that Aunt would really drink the bottle of pesticide. She quit her job at once and went straight home. When she entered the room, her aunt was foaming at the mouth and fell to the ground. Although she tried her best to save her, she could not recover. Ms. B thought she had killed her aunt, and since then, guilt has deeply occupied Ms. B's heart. Ms. B didn't tell anyone about it and kept it a secret. Not a day passed without her conscience condemning her, until she told the priest about it, and the priest repented and prayed with Ms. B. That night, Ms. B rushed out of the door and couldn't help cheering "It's so bright". In this story, we can see not only sincerity and acceptance, but also trust and love. ...
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