1 the significance of project cost management
Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China's national economy has achieved rapid development, and the output value of domestic construction industry has increased by more than 20 times, becoming an important industry for national economic development. However, what is not commensurate with this high growth is that the profits of construction enterprises are generally low, showing an upside-down state of high resource consumption and low profitability, which should be highly valued by us. This situation has affected the sustainable development of construction enterprises, the virtuous circle of national economy, the resource consumption and social redistribution of the whole society. In addition, with the acceleration of global economic integration and China's entry into WTO, project management discipline has been regarded as the sword for the survival and development of enterprises in the 2/kloc-0 century. China's construction enterprises are no longer facing a single domestic enterprise competition. The entry of foreign-funded enterprises will surely make the market competition more cruel and the conventional profits of the industry smaller. Construction enterprises are already in a completely competitive industry. Therefore, as the profit source of construction enterprises, it is of great significance and role to strengthen the research and application of cost management of civil engineering construction projects.
1. 1 civil engineering construction project cost management is the economic performance of enterprise's market competitiveness.
In order to increase the market share and get as much profit as possible, the only way to maximize the share and profit is to control the cost to the maximum (open source and reduce expenditure). Therefore, the cost management level of civil engineering construction projects is the economic performance of enterprise competitiveness, the lifeblood of enterprise market competition, and reflects the profitability of enterprises.
1.2 Cost management of civil engineering construction projects is the internal source for enterprises to realize economic benefits.
The main purpose of management activities of construction enterprises is to pursue the optimization of economic benefits, and the civil construction project management department is the most basic management institution of enterprises. The essence of all its management behaviors is to use project management principles and various scientific methods to reduce the project cost, create economic benefits and make it the source of enterprise benefits.
1.3 civil engineering construction project cost management is the ultimate level that dynamically reflects all activities of the project.
The management level and ability of construction enterprises in the market economy is reflected in whether they can manufacture building products that are satisfactory to the owners and meet the contract requirements at the lowest cost. Therefore, the management level of civil engineering construction projects is obviously reflected in the cost management level.
1.4 cost management of civil engineering construction projects is a means to establish economic responsibility mechanism and realize effective monitoring.
Civil engineering construction project management has increasingly become the focus of enterprise management, and enterprises must implement effective monitoring and performance evaluation of civil engineering construction projects. However, because the project cost represents the core content of civil engineering construction project management, the cost management of civil engineering construction project has become the yardstick and focus of performance evaluation of civil engineering construction project management.
To sum up, project cost management has become the most important content of project management, which embodies the essential characteristics of civil engineering construction project management. Therefore, strengthening the research, popularization and practice of project cost management is of great significance to the rapid and healthy development of China's construction industry. At the same time, absorbing, applying and developing international advanced engineering cost management technology will also play a good role in increasing our international competitiveness and improving the quality of the whole industry.
2 Overview of modern civil engineering construction project cost management
2. 1 The concept of cost management of civil engineering construction projects
Cost management of civil engineering construction project: refers to the process that construction enterprises comprehensively and systematically manage the income and expenditure from the start to the completion of the project with the direct consumption in the construction process as the object and the currency as the main unit of measurement, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the construction cost of the project. The cost management of civil engineering construction project is a very important basic management in enterprise management, which includes the whole process of implementing project construction responsibility cost, making cost plan, decomposing cost index, carrying out cost control, cost accounting, cost assessment and cost supervision.
2.2 the characteristics of civil engineering construction project cost management
(1) Initiative in advance. Generally speaking, civil engineering construction projects should predict the cost, make plans, define the objectives and adopt various technical, economic and management measures to achieve the objectives from the starting point of project management. (2) Comprehensive optimization. Refers to the process of civil engineering construction project cost management, which must be closely combined with project duration management, quality management, technical management, subcontracting management, budget management and safety management, thus forming a complete civil engineering construction project cost management system. (3) Take the initiative in advance. Generally speaking, civil engineering construction projects should predict the cost, make plans, define the objectives and adopt various technical, economic and management measures to achieve the objectives from the starting point of project management.
3 civil engineering construction project cost planning management
3. 1 project cost forecast
3. 1. 1 Application of cost prediction of civil engineering construction projects
The cost prediction of civil engineering construction project refers to the speculation and judgment of the cost by using the methods of experience summary, statistical analysis and mathematical model through the obtained historical data. Through cost forecasting, it can provide a basis for construction enterprises to make bidding decisions and prepare cost plans, and point out the direction for finding problems in time and taking targeted measures to reduce costs.
3. 1.2 project cost forecasting method
There are many methods to predict the project cost, and the commonly used ones are as follows.
(1) qualitative prediction method.
Qualitative prediction method is to analyze and estimate the material consumption, market price and various expenses of civil engineering construction projects from the nature and degree by using the collected data, relying on experts with rich experience and analytical ability, and then predict the project cost by synthesizing opinions from all sides.
(2) Quantitative prediction method.
Quantitative prediction, also known as statistical prediction, is a prediction method based on the relatively complete historical statistical data that has been mastered and scientifically processed by certain mathematical methods to reveal the regular relationship between related variables and predict and speculate on future development and changes. In this paper, quantitative prediction method is adopted in engineering practice.
3.2 Project cost decision
3.2. 1 Decision concept
In the encyclopedia of the United States, it is explained like this: "The so-called decision is to choose among several possible schemes. Decision theory is a series of concepts and methods used to describe and rationalize the decision-making process. (59 ~ 34 Therefore, decision-making is the analysis and judgment of setting goals for future behavior and choosing a reasonable plan from more than two action plans.
Decision method
There are many kinds of decision-making methods, mainly including fixed decision-making method, non-fixed decision-making method, risk decision-making method, decision tree method, multi-objective decision-making method and so on. Due to the limited space, I won't introduce it in detail.
3.3 tender offer skills
When preparing a tender, you can use the following skills to determine the quotation.
(1) low-priced bid winning method. In the case of insufficient construction tasks, opening up new markets and simple projects, the method of winning the bid with low quotation can be adopted. For example, when China Construction Fourth Bureau first opened up the environmental protection market and Beijing market, it contracted a sewage treatment plant project and a foreign-funded enterprise living area project by winning the bid at a low price. The following examples are introduced in detail.
(2) Unbalanced quotation method. In the bidding project, under the premise of not increasing the total quotation, unbalanced quotation can be adopted for different sub-projects to obtain more benefits. For projects with uncertain quantities (such as earthwork), the unit price can be higher, so that the total price will not be counted and there will be more profit opportunities. Such as project unit price (such as piles, earthwork, foundation engineering, etc.). ) the first construction will be higher, which is convenient for the early capital turnover. In the later example, the unbalanced quotation method is used for the earthwork of the middle and late projects (such as equipment), which is beneficial for the early capital turnover.
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