The Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor have two walls, with an inner circumference of 3840m and an outer circumference of 62 10/0m. There are about 8- 10 meters high walls inside and outside the walls, and there are still relics. The burial area is in the south, and the sleeping hall and the convenient hall are built in the north. Excavation process:1974 65438+10.5 km east of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, local farmers dug a well and accidentally dug up a ceramic warrior's head. After the organized excavation by the state, the terracotta warriors and horses of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum were finally discovered, which shocked the whole world. Qin Shihuang was an outstanding politician and strategist in the history of China. His surname is Zhao, the son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, and a famous official. He was born in Handan, Zhao in 259 BC. In 246 BC 13 years old, he was made king of Qin, and was crowned king of Qin at the age of 22. From 236 BC to 22 BC1year 15 years, the state of Qin wiped out six vassal states, namely, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, completely ending the history of the separatist regime in the Warring States and establishing the first emperor of China in blood and fire.
The first unified, multi-ethnic and centralized county dynasty in the history of Qin Shihuang-Qin Dynasty. "The king of Qin sweeps Liuhe, and the tiger potential is He Xiongzai; Swing the sword and set the clouds, and the princes will come to the West. " Qin Shihuang, the omnipotent monarch, not only left great achievements to future generations, but also left this mysterious royal cemetery. The pyramids in ancient Egypt are the largest above-ground tombs in the world, and the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in China is the largest underground tomb in the world. The Qin Dynasty is a glorious page in the history of China, and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor concentrated the highest achievements of Qin civilization. Qin Shihuang took all the glory of his life underground. The underground palace of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the core part of the mausoleum building, which is located under the mound. Historical records record: "Through three springs, the copper fell to Qin Shihuang."
Qin Shihuang, a court official, was full of strange things. Take mercury as a hundred rivers and seas, and instill it by machine. There is astronomy in the world, geography in the world, and mermaid cream is a candle, which lasts forever. Archaeological findings show that the underground palace covers an area of about 6.5438+0.8 million square meters, and the depth of the center point is about 30 meters. The cemetery is centered on mounds and surrounded by many funerals with rich connotations and unprecedented scale. In addition to the well-known terracotta warriors and bronze chariots and horses tombs, more than 600 large-scale Shijiakeng, Baixi figurine pits, civilian figurine pits and tombs have been discovered, and 654.38+10,000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed in the archaeological work of the Qin tombs for decades. There are many cultural relics booths in the cemetery, showing some cultural relics unearthed from the Qin Mausoleum in the past 20 years. There is a waterway exhibition area to reproduce the scientific and thorough drainage facilities of the cemetery in that year; I believe that with the progress of archaeological work, there will be more unexpected discoveries. Between the dignified green and the tall mausoleum, in order to let tourists feel the dignity and dignity of the king, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor staged a large-scale performance of "Reproducing the guard of honor-changing the guard of the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor" and a sand table model of the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, the cemetery and the underground palace integrating sound, light and electricity, which reproduced the spectacular scene of the mysterious cemetery more than 2,000 years ago and showed decades of archaeological achievements.
Large scale and rich burial.
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the first royal cemetery in the history of China. It is the crystallization of the hard work and wisdom of our working people. It is a treasure house of history and culture, and is famous for its large scale and rich tombs in all ancient imperial tombs. According to Records of the Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor, the mausoleum has been dug to the underground spring, and the base is reinforced with copper, with a coffin on it ... The grave is full of treasures. The avenue in the tomb is equipped with a crossbow with a favorable arrow, and the grave robbers will be shot dead as soon as they approach. The tomb is also full of mercury, symbolizing rivers, lakes and seas; The top of the tomb is inlaid with a night pearl, symbolizing the sun, the moon and the stars; Fish oil is used to light the lamp in the tomb to keep it alive ... The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor * * found 10 city gates, the north and south city gates and the south gate of the inner wall are on the same central axis. The north of the mound is the central part of the cemetery, and there are tombs leading to the tombs on the east, west and north sides. There are also four architectural relics juxtaposed on the east and west sides, which some experts think are part of the sleeping hall building. The mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor embodies the ritual system of "death is like life", which is grand in scale, magnificent in momentum and unique in structure. The center of the underground palace of the mausoleum is the place where Qin Shihuang's coffin is placed. There are more than 400 burial pits and graves around the mausoleum, covering an area of 56.25 square kilometers. The main tombs are bronze chariot pits, horse pits, rare birds and animals pits, stable pits and terracotta warriors and horses pits. Over the years, more than 50,000 important historical relics have been unearthed. A group of painted bronze chariots and horses unearthed in 1980 are the largest, most gorgeous, most lifelike and complete ancient bronze chariots and horses found in China so far, and are known as "the crown of bronze".
Terracotta warriors and horses pit
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, located at Lingdong 1500m. The spring of 1974 was discovered by local farmers who dug wells. The treasure buried underground for more than 2,000 years came out, and it is known as "the eighth wonder of the world". It has provided very precious physical materials for the study of the military, politics, economy, culture and science and technology of the Qin Dynasty, and has become a precious wealth of human culture in the world. Three terracotta warriors and horses pits have been excavated, which are arranged in a "needle" shape from west to east. There are more than 8,000 terracotta warriors and horses and more than 40,000 bronze weapons in the pit. The pottery works in the pit are imitations of Qin Suwei's army. Nearly 10,000 ceramic guards used bows, arrows, crossbows, bronze bows, spears, halberds, or crossbows as precursors, or rode horses, forming four arms: step, crossbow, vehicle and riding. All the guards in the underground tunnel face east. According to drilling, there are three burial pits in * *, among which pit No.1 discovered in 1974 is the largest, with a length of 230m from east to west, a width of 62m from north to south and a depth of about 5m. The promenade and the 1 1 hole form the whole pit, in which more than 6,000 warrior figures and terracotta horses with the same size as real horses are placed. About 20 meters northeast of No.1 pit, No.2 pit was discovered in the spring of 1976, which is another spectacular formation. No.2 pit is 84 meters wide from north to south and 96 meters long from east to west, covering an area of 92 16 square meters and a building area of 170 16 square meters. The second pit has a multi-arms joint lineup, including infantry, chariots, cavalry and crossbowmen. To the west of No.2 pit is No.3 pit, and visitors are not allowed to visit it before 1 9891kloc-0/October1. The third pit is 24.5 meters wide from north to south and 28.8 meters long from east to west, covering an area of more than 500 square meters. According to experts' inference, the No.3 pit is considered as a military curtain to command the No.1 pit and No.2 pit. A chariot, 68 guardians and weapons are kept in the pit. Since 1974, three pits for burying Terracotta Warriors and Horses have been found at 1.5km east of the cemetery. The finished products are arranged in a zigzag pattern, covering an area of more than 20,000 square meters, with 8,000 unearthed pottery figurines, 0/00 chariots and tens of thousands of physical weapons. Among them, the No.1 pit is the "Right Army", where about 6,000 life-size clay figurines and horses are buried. Pit No.2 is "Zuo Jun", with 1300 terracotta figures and horses and 89 chariots. It is an arc array composed of infantry, cavalry and chariots, and it is also the essence of the pit of Qin figurines. There are 68 warrior figures, 1 chariot and 4 pottery horses in pit 3, which is the headquarters of the underground army. This military formation is the epitome of Qin Jun formation. 1980, large bronze chariots and horses were unearthed on the west side of the cemetery. It has aroused shock and concern all over the world. These terracotta warriors and horses grouped according to the military array at that time provided vivid physical data for studying the military establishment, combat methods and cavalry equipment of the Qin Dynasty. The discovery of terracotta warriors and horses is known as "the eighth wonder of the world" and "one of the great discoveries in the archaeological history of the 20th century". As a bridge connecting the past and the future in the history of China sculpture, the realistic techniques of Qin figurines have attracted worldwide attention. At present, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum has been set up in pits 1, 2 and 3, and is open to the public.