I. Basic information
The rural female labor force in our county is 10.55 million, including 23,000 left-behind women, accounting for 20% of the total rural women, and 9,896 left-behind children, accounting for 10.3% of the total children. There are 5875 empty nesters in the county, accounting for 12% of the elderly population. At present, nearly half of the left-behind women have to take care of their in-laws, and the rough work, heavy work, busy work and tiring work at home are almost all on their shoulders. They have changed from "half the sky" of the traditional family to "the pillar" of the present family.
Second, the main practices
In the past two years, the county women's Federation, the Communist Youth League Committee and the county civil affairs bureau have closely followed the theme of "caring for the vulnerable groups and building a harmonious home together" and made great efforts to help solve the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of left-behind women and children and empty nesters, aiming at improving their living and development environment and providing all-round services for left-behind women and children and empty nesters.
The first is to build a sunny home and build a service platform for left-behind women. In recent years, as a concrete action to care for left-behind women, the "Sunshine Home for Left-behind Women" of the County Women's Federation adheres to the principles of building homes with high standards, scientific operation and high-quality management, and actively builds a service platform to care for left-behind women. Four "Sunshine Homes for Left-behind Women" integrating study, training and activities have been built, equipped with computers, televisions, DVDs, books, badminton and other facilities. Mobilize urban female scientific and technological workers, medical staff, female employees of Yike Pharmaceutical Company and poor left-behind women in Xu Nian and Li Nian Village 100 to carry out the "Gangcun * * * construction" pairing assistance activities, encourage all kinds of superior resources to tilt towards rural left-behind women, guide left-behind women to cultivate distinctive industries, and donate agricultural fertilizers, books and other production and living materials worth more than 20,000 yuan to help them solve the urgent need for production and medical treatment. A support group for left-behind women was organized to reduce the burden and share the worries of left-behind women, realizing "someone to help in production, someone to ask about life, and someone to warm their hearts".
The second is to highlight the "three in place" and improve the creation level of left-behind Children's Home. In order to effectively solve the problems of left-behind children's academic failure, life loss, family loss, psychological imbalance and safety loss, the county women's Federation adheres to the requirements of high standards of home construction and scientific management, and has achieved "three in place" in caring for left-behind children. First, the hardware facilities are in place. In all towns and villages, build a left-behind Children's Home of not less than 40 square meters, equipped with tables, chairs and bookshelves. Hardware facilities such as computer, TV, DVD, home phone, and appropriate sports equipment such as basketball, table tennis, skipping rope, checkers and chess have laid a foundation for left-behind children to carry out activities. Second, the software construction is in place. The school set up a leading group for the work of left-behind children, with township leaders as the team leader and school principals as the deputy team leader. Make a unified contact card for left-behind children, record their family, study, life and parents' contact information in detail, and implement dynamic management of their living conditions and growth needs; All kinds of management systems are standardized, and the software materials meet the standards of "five possessions" (organization, system, arrangement, team and information). Third, the caring action was put in place, and the launching ceremony for the county to stay in Children's Home was held. Mobilize caring people from all walks of life to donate 35,000 yuan to help 230 destitute left-behind children. There are 1200 surrogate parents paired with left-behind children in the county, and a total of family education knowledge training courses 12 were held to train more than 5600 parents. In addition, all walks of life have jointly advocated "caring for left-behind children and building a harmonious society" and issued a letter to the parents of left-behind children in the county. Radio and television departments set up columns in TV stations to publicize the practices and advanced care of left-behind children in time.
Third, respect and help the elderly, and mobilize the whole society to care for empty nesters. In the past three years, the county civil affairs bureau and the member unit of the Committee on Aging raised RMB * *-0.5 million, and visited all nursing homes, more than 2,000 elderly people with five guarantees and 250 elderly people in the county respectively, especially providing material assistance to the needy, the disabled, the "empty nesters" and the widowed elderly. * * * Help the elderly with difficulties and disabilities. The value of aid materials10.3 million yuan. Organized 65,438+0.8 volunteer service teams with the participation of village elderly associations. They go deep into township nursing homes and elderly families to provide services such as housekeeping, nursing, nursing, information consultation and psychological consultation. Volunteers in primary and secondary schools clean houses for the elderly, while female volunteers change and mend clothes and sheets for the elderly. Every team has a backbone. The sick old man was treated on the spot. A total of 853 households were visited to serve empty nesters 1540 people. Through the sincere service of volunteers, every old man has fully felt the warmth of the socialist family.
Third, the main problems
( 1)
Left-behind women: After their husbands go out to work, left-behind women need to take care of the elderly, raise children and take care of crops, and generally face problems such as heavy labor intensity, heavy mental burden and insecurity.
First, the left-behind women have great labor intensity and heavy family burden. During the busy farming season, they have to bear heavy labor and take care of family affairs. We should not only take care of children at school, but also take care of the elderly.
Second, the lack of communication between husband and wife leads to emotional and marital crisis. Because of the long-term separation, it not only brings emotional influence to both husband and wife, but also brings physiological influence. The expansion of spatial distance hinders the emotional communication between husband and wife, increases mutual suspicion and leads to emotional crisis.
Third, the awareness of rights protection is poor and the sense of social security is reduced. With the outflow of most male labor, only the elderly, children and women are left in the village. This demographic change has brought new unstable factors to the rural public security environment-the weakening of rural public security defense forces and the increase of the probability of illegal crimes. In particular, "left-behind women" have frequently become the targets of criminal harassment, and their personal and property safety is even more fragile when they lose the protection of their husbands.
(2)
Left-behind children: The management system of some left-behind children in Children's Home is not perfect, and there is a lack of tutors and professional family educators with certain tutoring experience; Second, it is not enough to integrate resources and form a joint force, and the efforts to promote the work in depth are not great, especially the schools, families and society have not yet established an all-round monitoring network for left-behind children; There is no long-term working mechanism to care for left-behind children.
(3)
Empty nesters: At present, the rural social security system is lagging behind, and the existing social security system has a narrow coverage and a low level of security. Due to the constraints of economic conditions and personal abilities, most empty-nest elderly people in rural areas have low incomes and poor quality of life, and there are great difficulties in living security, medical assistance and spiritual comfort. There is a serious shortage of old-age service facilities and professional teams in rural areas, and quite a few villages have not carried out home-based old-age service, which makes empty nesters in rural areas who are in urgent need of help unable to get timely and effective help.
Four. Suggestions and countermeasures
Left-behind women, children and empty nesters are important parts of building a harmonious society. The pressure and difficulties they face require the Party and the government to attach great importance to them, take practical measures to carry out assistance activities, and create a social atmosphere in which all sectors of society participate, cooperate closely and care for each other.
First of all, we should raise awareness and strengthen the leading role of the government. It is suggested that the work of rural left-behind women should be included in the overall planning of the work of party committees and governments at all levels, and corresponding preferential policies and measures should be introduced. At the same time, we will increase the intensity of attracting investment, so that young and middle-aged laborers can achieve local employment and fundamentally solve a series of problems brought about by a large number of laborers going out. Broaden the channels of getting rich in rural areas, formulate preferential policies, mobilize and encourage young migrant workers to accumulate experience and update their concepts. Help them to start businesses in their hometowns, transfer rural labor on the spot, reduce the number of left-behind families in rural areas, and promote rural economic development. Women's federations at all levels should further strengthen practical technical training for rural left-behind women, so that they can master a skill and improve their ability to get rich by relying on science and technology. It is necessary to cooperate with the judicial department to publicize the law among the majority of left-behind women, provide them with legal help and legal aid, and improve their self-prevention and protection capabilities.
Second, make concerted efforts to care for the left-behind children, further strengthen the leading group for caring for the left-behind children, strengthen the contact and cooperation of functional departments such as education, finance, labor insurance and women's federations, clarify the responsibilities of each department, and form a long-term working mechanism led by the government, coordinated by women's federations, and promoted by various parties. Education departments, especially schools, should play a leading role in the education of left-behind children and vigorously develop rural boarding schools. Centralized management of left-behind children can effectively solve the practical difficulties faced by rural left-behind children. Women's federations at all levels should strengthen family education guidance for parents of left-behind children in rural areas, help guide them to fully understand the importance of family education, promote the formation of a guardianship network combining school, family and society, and promote the healthy growth of left-behind children in rural areas.
Third, innovate the old-age service mechanism and improve the old-age service system. It is necessary to further increase financial input, establish and improve facilities for the aged, strengthen the construction of rural nursing homes and nursing homes, so that the elderly and poor empty nesters can be hospitalized for the aged. It is necessary to encourage social organizations and private enterprises to invest in the development of pension industry, formulate preferential support policies, give support and preferential treatment in land acquisition and taxation, and effectively promote the development of private pension institutions. It is necessary to explore the service mode of combining voluntary public service, government purchase service and paid market service, and provide services for the elderly in all directions and in many ways. It is necessary to strengthen the contact with empty nesters, especially single elderly people, set up service centers for empty nesters in each village, and often care for and visit the elderly. At the same time, we should fully carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and vigorously advocate home-based care for the elderly, which can not only ensure the elderly to enjoy family happiness at home, but also fundamentally alleviate the pressure of institutional care for the elderly.