Fully understand the background of the times and put forward new requirements for the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way
In different historical periods, according to the people's wishes and the needs of career development, it is a successful experience for our party to lead the people from victory to victory by putting forward inspiring goals and uniting and leading the people to fight for them. Entering the new century, the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in the first 20 years of this century. According to the new changes at home and abroad and the new expectations of people of all ethnic groups for a better life, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward new requirements. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China conscientiously summed up the great achievements made in building a well-off society in an all-round way since the 16th National Congress, fully considered the new expectations of the broad masses of the people, profoundly analyzed the new changes at home and abroad and the new situations and new problems faced by building a well-off society in an all-round way, and held that we should proceed from the new reality and put forward new requirements for building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020 on the basis of the goals set at the 16th and 17th National Congresses.
(A) significant progress has been made in building a well-off society in an all-round way
Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 65,438, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary has United and led the people of all ethnic groups in China, guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, thoroughly implemented Scientific Outlook on Development, seized opportunities, met challenges, worked hard, made solid steps towards the goals set by the Party, and achieved a series of new historical achievements, laying a solid foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way. From 2002 to 20 1 1 year, China's economic aggregate jumped from the sixth place to the second place in the world, the per capita GDP increased from more than 1000 to more than 5,400 dollars, the total import and export volume of goods jumped from the fifth place to the second place in the world, and its international status and influence were significantly improved. Significant progress has been made in structural adjustment. Grain production has increased for nine consecutive years, strategic emerging industries have grown, traditional industries have been continuously transformed and upgraded, modern service industries have developed rapidly, and infrastructure has been greatly improved. The coordination of regional development has been significantly enhanced, the urbanization process has been accelerated, and the urban population has surpassed the rural population. The ability of independent innovation has been greatly improved, and major breakthroughs have been made in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, manned deep diving and supercomputers, and remarkable results have been achieved in building an innovative country. Citizens' political participation has expanded in an orderly manner, and the legitimate rights and interests of the people have been guaranteed. Cultural construction has reached a new level, the reform of cultural system has been comprehensively promoted, significant progress has been made in the construction of public cultural service system, the cultural industry has developed rapidly, and the pace of cultural going abroad has been accelerated. Remarkable results have been achieved in safeguarding and improving people's livelihood. The agricultural tax was completely abolished, and the income of urban and rural residents was greatly increased. The per capita disposable income of urban residents increased from 7703 yuan to 2 18 10 yuan, and the per capita net income of rural residents increased from 2476 yuan to 6977 yuan. Urban and rural employment continues to expand; Education has developed rapidly, and free compulsory education in urban and rural areas has been fully realized; The basic old-age insurance system in urban and rural areas has been fully established, and a new social assistance system has basically taken shape; Universal medical insurance has been basically established, and the basic medical and health system in urban and rural areas has been initially established; The level of basic public services and the degree of equalization have been significantly improved, the household property of residents has generally increased, the consumption structure has been rapidly upgraded, the conditions of food, clothing, housing and transportation have been significantly improved, the basic life of urban and rural low-income groups has been guaranteed, and the cultural life has been rich and colorful. Strengthen and innovate social management to maintain social harmony and stability. Positive progress has been made in the construction of ecological civilization.
Generally speaking, in 10, China's economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction were comprehensively promoted, and social productivity, economic strength and scientific and technological strength reached a big step, people's living standards, residents' income level and social security level reached a big step, comprehensive national strength, international competitiveness and international influence reached a big step, and the country's appearance took a new historical change. This 10 year is a period of sustained economic development, continuous improvement of democracy, increasingly prosperous culture and social stability in China, and it is also a period of efforts to protect and improve people's livelihood and benefit more people. According to the goals and requirements put forward by the 16th and 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is estimated that by 2020, the per capita GDP will quadruple compared with that in 2000, the proportion of urban population will increase obviously, a social security system covering urban and rural residents will be basically established, everyone will enjoy basic medical services, a public cultural service system covering the whole society will be basically established, significant progress will be made in building a new socialist countryside, and more full employment will be achieved in advance or as scheduled. The government's ability to provide public services has been significantly enhanced, the proportion of cultural industries in the national economy has been significantly improved, the national education system has been improved, and the level of national education and the training of innovative talents has been significantly improved.
(B) The concentrated expression of a series of stage characteristics of China's development.
Entering the new century, China has entered a new stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. With the development of economy and society, new stage characteristics are gradually emerging. Fundamentally speaking, these stage characteristics are the concrete embodiment of the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism. At present, the level of economic and social development in China has reached a new historical starting point, with per capita GDP exceeding US$ 5,000 and in some areas exceeding US$ 1 10,000. The staged characteristics of China's development are more obvious. We are soberly aware that although great achievements have been made and people's lives have been greatly improved, there are still many gaps compared with people's new expectations for a better life, and there are still many difficulties and problems on the way forward, mainly including: unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development, weak scientific and technological innovation ability, unreasonable industrial structure, weak agricultural foundation, intensified constraints on resources and environment, and many institutional and institutional obstacles restricting scientific development, deepening reform and opening up and transforming economic mode. The gap between urban and rural regional development and residents' income distribution is still large; Social contradictions have obviously increased, and there are many problems that affect the vital interests of the masses, such as education, employment, social security, medical care, housing, ecological environment, food and drug safety, safe production, social security, law enforcement and justice, and some people have difficulties in life; In some areas, moral anomie and lack of integrity; Some cadres don't have a strong sense of leading scientific development, some grass-roots party organizations are weak and lax, a few cadres in party member have shaken their ideals and beliefs, have a weak sense of purpose, have prominent problems of formalism and bureaucracy, and have serious extravagance and waste; Some areas are prone to negative corruption, and the situation of the anti-corruption struggle is still grim. The above problems show that the situation facing China's economic and social development at present and in the future is complex, short-term contradictions and long-term contradictions overlap, structural factors and cyclical factors coexist, and various potential challenges and risks are prominent. These difficulties and problems are the concentrated expression of the characteristics of China's new stage of development and the inevitable challenge of economic and social development to this stage. In this regard, we must fully understand, attach great importance to and respond effectively. If we handle it properly and maintain the good momentum of economic and social development, we can embark on a higher development platform. If we don't handle it properly, we may face greater difficulties and even cause economic stagnation and social unrest. This requires us to pay more attention to promoting scientific development, promoting social harmony and solving problems in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way.
(3) The external environment for the development of China has undergone profound changes.
The world today is undergoing profound and complex changes, and peace and development are still the themes of the times. World multipolarization and economic globalization have developed in depth, cultural diversity and social informatization have continued to advance, interdependence among countries has reached an unprecedented level, the overall strength of emerging market countries and developing countries has increased, and the balance of international power has developed in a direction conducive to maintaining world peace. At the same time, the world pattern has entered a period of deep adjustment, the international political and economic order has undergone profound changes, new differentiation and combination of international forces have emerged, old and new contradictions have been superimposed, old and new forces have been playing games with each other, traditional and non-traditional security threats have been intertwined, and unstable and uncertain factors in world politics, economy, society and other fields have increased significantly. In particular, the deep-seated contradictions that led to the international financial crisis have not been eliminated, the growth of major economies is weak, the European debt crisis continues to break out, global aggregate demand is sluggish, the growth rate of international trade has dropped significantly, various forms of protectionism have risen, commodity prices have fluctuated at a high level, and new risks are forming and gathering. China's comprehensive national strength and international status have been significantly improved, and its ability to resist external risks has been significantly enhanced. These situations show that the international financial crisis is and will bring about major adjustments and changes in the international political and economic structure, and the connotation and conditions of the period of important strategic opportunities for China's development are changing, which requires us to strengthen our ability to coordinate the two overall situations at home and abroad, safeguard the period of important strategic opportunities for China's development, be good at grasping and creating development conditions from the mutual transformation of domestic and foreign factors, actively respond to and control risk challenges, and ensure to win the initiative in the fierce international competition.
Deeply understand the rich connotation of the new requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way
According to the reality of China's economic and social development, and on the basis of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way set by the 16th and 17th National Congress, the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward some new requirements, such as clearer policy orientation, more targeted development issues and more in line with people's wishes, so as to ensure that a well-off society will be built in an all-round way by 2020, that the fruits of development and reform will truly benefit more than one billion people and that economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization will develop in an all-round way. According to the overall layout of the five-in-one cause in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the report enriches and perfects the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way from the following five aspects.
First, sustained and healthy economic development. In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, development is still the key to solving all the problems in China. In contemporary China, the essence of insisting on development is insisting on scientific development. Only by promoting sustained and healthy economic development can we lay a solid material foundation for the country's prosperity, people's happiness and social harmony and stability. The requirements of sustained and healthy economic development put forward in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China are reflected in six aspects: First, significant progress has been made in transforming the mode of economic development; Second, on the basis of obviously enhancing the balance, coordination and sustainability of development, we will achieve two "doubles", that is, the GDP and the per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents will double from 20 10; Third, by strengthening the new impetus of innovation-driven development, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to economic growth has risen sharply and entered the ranks of innovative countries; Fourth, by building a new system of modern industrial development, we will promote the simultaneous development of industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, so that industrialization will be basically realized, the level of informationization will be greatly improved, the quality of urbanization will be significantly improved, and agricultural modernization and the construction of a new socialist countryside will achieve remarkable results; Fifth, continue to implement the overall strategy of regional development, give full play to the comparative advantages of various regions, and basically form a mechanism for coordinated regional development; Sixth, by cultivating new advantages in the development of an open economy and further improving the level of opening to the outside world, the international competitiveness of China's economy has been significantly enhanced.
Second, people's democracy continues to expand. People's democracy is a banner that our party has always held high. Since the reform and opening up, we have summed up the positive and negative experiences in developing socialist democracy, stressed that people's democracy is the life of socialism, always adhered to the organic unity of the party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, always placed political system reform in an important position in the overall situation of reform and development, and made great progress unswervingly. Successfully opened up and adhered to the road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, established the correct direction for realizing the broadest people's democracy, and provided a strong political guarantee for economic and social development. At the same time, there are still some links in China's political system that need to be improved and developed, and there are still some shortcomings in expanding people's democracy. At present and in the future, to promote political system reform and strengthen political construction, it is necessary to develop more extensive, full and sound people's democracy under the leadership of the Party in general, so as to improve the democratic system, enrich the forms of democracy and give full play to the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the people. Pay more attention to the important role of the rule of law in national governance and social management, safeguard the unity, dignity and authority of the national legal system, realize the full implementation of the basic strategy of governing the country according to law, basically establish a government ruled by law, continuously improve the judicial credibility, and effectively respect and guarantee human rights.
Third, the cultural soft power has been significantly enhanced. Cultural strength and competitiveness are important signs of national prosperity and national rejuvenation. The well-off society and modernization we want to build in an all-round way are the well-off society and socialist modernization with all-round development of material civilization and spiritual civilization. Whether it is to promote economic and social development, improve people's livelihood and promote social harmony, it is necessary to promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture, improve the soft power of national culture, and give play to the role of culture in leading fashion, educating people, serving society and promoting development. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward the target requirements of strengthening cultural soft power from the following aspects: First, the socialist core value system is the soul of rejuvenating the country, which determines the development direction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and must be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people; Second, improving citizens' moral quality in an all-round way is the fundamental task of socialist moral construction, and we must adhere to the combination of ruling the country by law and ruling the country by virtue, so as to obviously improve citizens' civilized quality and social civilization; Third, it is an important content of building a well-off society in an all-round way to let people enjoy a healthy and rich spiritual and cultural life. It is necessary to enrich cultural products, basically establish a public cultural service system, and make the cultural industry a pillar industry of the national economy; Fourth, culture has increasingly become an important factor in international competitiveness. In order to continuously enhance the international influence of Chinese culture, we must make Chinese culture go to the world and take greater steps. In short, we should make the foundation of building a socialist cultural power more solid.
Fourth, the people's living standards have improved in an all-round way. Improving people's material and cultural living standards in an all-round way on the basis of economic development is the fundamental purpose of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, the fundamental driving force for expanding consumption and promoting economic development, the important guarantee for maintaining social stability and promoting social harmony, and reflects people's new expectations for a better life. First, the full realization of equalization of basic public services is an important symbol of the overall and general improvement of people's living standards. Second, the education level of the whole people and the training level of innovative talents have been significantly improved, and the modernization of education has been basically realized, which is the basis for realizing the all-round development of people; Third, more full employment is a concrete manifestation of safeguarding people's livelihood; Fourth, the income distribution gap has narrowed, the middle-income groups have continued to expand, and the number of poverty alleviation targets has decreased significantly, which is an important embodiment of the development and reform benefiting all people; Fifth, social security covers the whole people, everyone enjoys basic medical and health services, and the housing security system has basically taken shape, which is an inevitable requirement for achieving a sense of security for the elderly, a place to live for the sick, and medical care for the sick; Sixth, social harmony and stability is a necessary prerequisite for people to live and work in peace and contentment.
Fifth, significant progress has been made in building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Promoting the formation of a new modern pattern of harmonious development between man and nature is an inevitable requirement for maintaining sustained and healthy economic development, improving people's quality of life and promoting social harmony and stability. In view of the increasingly prominent resource and environmental constraints faced by development and the people's increasingly urgent demand for a good ecological environment, while promoting economic and social development, the construction of ecological civilization must achieve remarkable results in the following four aspects: First, optimize the spatial development pattern of the country and basically form the layout of the main functional areas; Second, comprehensively promote resource conservation and initially establish a resource recycling system; Third, efforts should be made to protect natural ecosystems and the environment. Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP have dropped significantly, and the total discharge of major pollutants has dropped significantly. Fourth, implement major ecological restoration projects, improve forest coverage, enhance the stability of ecosystems, and significantly improve the living environment.
While putting forward new requirements for the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also clarified the goal of deepening the reform of economic system, political system, cultural system, social system and ecological civilization system.
These goals are in line with the inherent requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's all-round development, the practical needs of deepening reform and opening up and accelerating the transformation of economic development mode, the goals put forward by the 16th and 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the new development reality of our country.
Accurately grasp the distinctive characteristics of the new requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way
The new requirements for the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way put forward in the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China have the following five distinctive features:
First, based on the goals put forward by the 16th and 17th National Congress, we should maintain the continuity of the goals. The development goal is the unity of long-term and stage. Building a well-off society in an all-round way is a long-term general goal. The goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way put forward by the 16th and 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China depicts the grand blueprint for Socialism with Chinese characteristics's career development by 2020. The great achievements in economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China fully prove that these goals are in line with China's basic national conditions and the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious socialist society, and they are completely correct. We must continue to work hard to achieve these goals. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China adjusted and deepened some specific indicators according to the changes in the new situation, and put forward new requirements for development and reform, which was put forward on the basis of adhering to the established overall goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, rather than putting forward a new set of goals from scratch.
Second, focus on solving the outstanding contradictions and problems in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, so as to make the goal more targeted. At present and in the future, the prominent contradictions and problems in China's economic and social development are unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable. Therefore, in the direction of target requirements, we should take solving the "three noes" problem as the main focus of building a well-off society in an all-round way. In view of these problems and contradictions, the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China revised or added some qualitative and quantitative indicators, and strengthened the goal orientation of improving the quality, efficiency and comprehensiveness of development and realizing sustainable development, instead of revising everything.
Third, the requirements for deepening reform and opening up have been increased, highlighting the important strategic position of reform and opening up in building a well-off society in an all-round way. The second 10 year of the 20th century is a crucial historical stage in the process of China's modernization. During this period, we should not only focus on solving some prominent contradictions and problems in economic and social development, but also take substantial steps in the reform of important areas and key links, and solve the problems in development by means of reform, at the same time, make the socialist market economic system more perfect, and all aspects of the system more mature and stereotyped, providing a strong impetus and institutional guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way. The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that to build a well-off society in an all-round way, we must seize the opportunity to deepen reform in important areas with greater political courage and wisdom, resolutely get rid of all ideological concepts and institutional mechanisms that hinder scientific development, build a systematic, scientific, standardized and effective institutional system, and clarify the key points and breakthroughs in deepening reform and opening up in the fields of economy, politics, culture, society and ecological civilization.
Fourthly, the construction of ecological civilization is put forward together with the goal of accelerating the establishment of system of ecological civilization, which embodies the requirements of the overall layout of the five-in-one cause in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the goal of ecological civilization construction. After years of practice, it is generally believed that the construction of ecological civilization must be placed in a more prominent position, incorporated into the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause, and its position and role should be further emphasized. According to this requirement, the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China not only clearly puts forward the goal of ecological civilization construction in the new requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way, but also clearly puts forward the reform goal of accelerating the establishment of system of ecological civilization for the first time, so that the construction of ecological civilization, together with economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, fully embodies the requirements of the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause in five aspects.
Fifthly, we put forward two new requirements of "doubling", which are both inspiring and practical. In the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the goal of sustained and healthy economic development requires that "the gross domestic product and the per capita income of urban and rural residents should be doubled from 20 10 year on the basis of obviously enhancing the balance, coordination and sustainability of development". Gross domestic product (GDP) or per capita GDP is the core index reflecting the overall economic development. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "on the basis of optimizing the structure and improving efficiency, the gross domestic product will quadruple that of 2000 by 2020". According to the actual situation of economic development at that time, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China revised this goal to "quadruple the per capita GDP by 2020 compared with 2000 on the basis of optimizing the structure, improving efficiency, reducing consumption and protecting the environment". In terms of development, the GDP of 20 1 1 year increased by 9.3% over the previous year. In the next nine years, as long as the per capita GDP grows at an average annual rate of 4.5%, the target set by the 17th National Congress will be achieved, which is obviously low. The report proposes that the GDP ratio will double from 20 10 by 2020, and the average annual growth rate will be 7% in the next nine years, which is realistic and the growth rate is consistent with the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Another "doubling" proposed in the report is the new requirement of doubling the per capita income of urban and rural residents from 20 10 by 2020. This goal embodies the policy orientation of giving priority to people's livelihood and benefiting the people and enriching the people, and also conforms to the new expectations of the broad masses of people for a better life. /kloc-doubling in 0/0 requires an increase of 7.2%. Considering 20 1 1, the per capita disposable income of urban residents increased by 8.4% compared with the previous year, and the per capita net income of rural residents increased by 1 1.4%. In the next nine years, the per capita disposable income of urban residents will increase by 7% over the previous year, and the per capita net income of rural residents will increase by 6. Judging from the actual development in recent years, it is certain to achieve this goal.
Building a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled is a solemn commitment made by our party to the people, bearing the new expectations of the people of the whole country for a better life. We should work hard to ensure the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020 in accordance with the grand blueprint drawn by the 18th CPC National Congress.
(This article is selected from the tutorial book on the report of the 18th National Congress published by People's Publishing House. )