There are two kinds of stock pricing: relative valuation and absolute valuation. Relative valuation is more commonly used because of its simplicity and convenience. PE, PB and the like often belong to the category of relative valuation. The main idea is to evaluate the price of this stock according to the prices of other stocks or assets in the market. By forecasting the future profit (cash flow) of the company and considering the time value of funds, the absolute valuation is converted into the value of the company today. There is no absolute advantage or disadvantage between the two. If you want to study valuation in depth, you need more basic knowledge: you can consider learning to read financial statements, understand finance, corporate finance and so on. There is a lot of information in this area, so I won't go into details. The trading rules of the secondary market (commonly known as the exchange) include how to open an account, the collection of taxes and fees, the product categories of the securities market, and the specific operations of market transactions. This part should be said to be the operational knowledge when learning stocks, and the normative things are more complicated.