On March 7, 2005, there were many "no-go" at the Shanghai demolition management meeting.
In the previously issued Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Demolition, the Shanghai Municipal Government stated: "Demolition companies are strictly forbidden to take measures such as stopping water, electricity and gas to force residents to move, and severely investigate and deal with illegal demolition behaviors that infringe on residents' interests according to law; It is strictly forbidden for the demolition company to demolish houses brutally. If there are violations of laws and regulations, once found, the corresponding qualifications will be cancelled. " At the same time, the notice also requires: "Further merge and integrate the existing demolition companies and clean up the company's shareholding structure within a time limit. It is strictly forbidden for natural persons and employees to hold shares, gradually straighten out the affiliation of demolition companies, and strengthen industry management. The demolition company that failed the qualification review found it together and corrected it together. "
This is undoubtedly good news for a large number of relocated households who have participated in the upcoming demolition peak brought about by the World Expo and the third round of old city reconstruction in Shanghai.
Readers who have not experienced the demolition of old houses in Shanghai will be confused about the relationship. In fact, because Shanghai has set a relatively high threshold for demolition, the demolition company has a high degree of specialization. Usually, enterprises engaged in real estate development in Shanghai will allocate a certain percentage of relocation expenses to the relocation companies according to the development area, and they will relocate the original land before developing it. It seems to be accidental, but it is by no means accidental. Most demolition companies are established after wholly-owned investment by governments at all levels. The obvious reason is that the demolition involves many details related to the government and needs the strong support of the government.
And what is mentioned in the Notice on Further Strengthening the Demolition Management obviously refers to. Just one month before the notice was issued, Liu, deputy secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Committee, pointed out some practices of individual demolition companies in the demolition of old houses in Shanghai at the Shanghai suburban work conference: some companies hired "social people" to secretly dismantle stairs outside the relocated households; Destroy the doors and windows of their home; Secretly cut off the wires in their homes, destroyed water pipes, cut off water and electricity, and forced the relocated households to move. What's more, they committed the crime of murder.
The requirement of cleaning up the structure of the demolition company in the notice is aimed at the motive of the demolition company: after obtaining the established demolition expenses, it is bound to be the main source of maximizing the profit of the demolition company to demolish the land at the lowest cost.
Now the Shanghai municipal government has made up its mind to clean up the door.
The price of nail house and Macaulay case
Walk a few hundred meters along the dusty alley, always beware of cement blocks, broken glass and construction workers' carts, and come to an old house with a notice of compulsory demolition by the court or the government. The relocated households here are called "nail households". Generally speaking, houses have a history of decades, and the average household area rarely exceeds 50 square meters. Most of them have no toilet facilities, and some are illegally built or not. Of course, another feature of * * * is that these houses are in good locations.
This is the situation of the demolition site that the reporter interviewed many times in Shanghai. However, the relocated households are faced with more than what the reporters saw. The urge to move the company and the ensuing quarrel, water, electricity and coal need to worry about ... what kind of motivation do they have to persist in such an environment?
A ready-made case in the reporter's hand is a family on Beijing West Road. Grandma and her son live in a room of 18 square meters. Because the old room was relatively high, an attic was built for my son to live in. Because of the transformation of the old city, their house was included in the scope of demolition, and the demolition party gave them two sets of plans. One is to accept monetary resettlement, with an area of 18 square meter. According to the price of 4500 yuan/square meter in Shanghai, a total of more than 80,000 yuan can be obtained. Another plan is to move to a suburban community with two bedrooms and one living room.
The former is obviously unacceptable, and the latter looks good, but it takes my mother three hours to go to work, and salary is the only income of this family. So they asked to move back and opened a nail house. "I went to inquire about it. The government did not charge the developer the land transfer fee. We should move back."
This irrefutable conflict of interest between the relocated households and the demolition company eventually led to the Macquarie case. According to the public information of Shanghai municipal government, on June 9, 2005, a fire broke out in the home of the relocated households in Maiqili, Urumqi Road, Xujiahui, Shanghai, and two old people died. After the incident, after police investigation, the case was arson, and the arsonist was an employee of the demolition company.
Return of demolition policy
Although there is a considerable degree of overlap in time, the case of Mai Qili occurred in June+10, 5438, and then Liu, deputy secretary of Shanghai Municipal Committee, expressed his opinion on demolition in February, and the government issued the Notice on Strengthening Demolition Management in March. We still can't judge whether the case of Mai Qili is the direct cause of the turning point of Shanghai's demolition policy.
Judging from the situation of Changfeng Xinyuan, Lujiabang Road, Huangpu District in February, the change of Shanghai's demolition policy is more inclined to a return-this old city reconstruction building, with the whole building of Liushi Road 10 Lane 17 as the relocation house for its relocated households.
The so-called regression means that the new round of demolition policy is closer to the first round of old city reconstruction in Shanghai, starting from 1992. In that round of "365" old city reconstruction project with a total name of 3.65 million dangerous houses, Shanghai reconstructed 38 million square meters of old cities, including more than 4 million square meters of dangerous houses, and 1 10,000 residents bought public houses and moved into new homes at preferential prices. In this round of transformation, the government has given huge funds to encourage developers to transform the old city of Shanghai by contracting without charging land transfer fees and housing supporting fees. During the transformation of the old city, a large number of residents were moved back. "Because almost all residents who wanted to move back at that time could move back, not many people wanted to move out. At that time, the government had an incentive policy for residents who moved to Pudong, and they could buy bigger houses at preferential prices. Therefore, residents who have been moved to Pudong by some enterprises have to find ways to get a place in Pudong. In general, everyone has his place and there are not many contradictions. " A relocated household living in Beijing West Road recalled the situation at that time.
Compared with the first round of demolition, in the second round of old city reconstruction and demolition since 2000, the contradiction is very fierce. At this time, the ways of demolition began to increase. In addition to relocation, monetary resettlement has become a new choice.
Although many people involved in the demolition in Shanghai regard monetary resettlement as the main stimulus point of the second round of demolition contradictions, in fact, this method was welcomed when it was first introduced. Obviously, monetary resettlement can give relocated households greater freedom to choose their place of residence after demolition in a wider scope.
The core of the problem is that since 2000, Shanghai's housing prices have entered a stage of rapid growth, from the initial average price of 2,000 to 3,000 yuan to nearly 10,000 yuan in early 2005. It is obviously impossible for the price of monetary resettlement to keep up with the soaring housing prices, so by 2003, the price of commercial housing near Beijing West Road had reached more than 10,000, and the monetary compensation standard for relocated households was only 4,000 yuan. It is conceivable that although residents may still move back from the policy point of view, the huge profit space will make developers and demolition companies try their best to let residents choose the monetary resettlement method.
Huge profits will inevitably lead to huge contradictions, and as a weak side, most residents who still live in the old city are themselves vulnerable groups in the city, and their interests are already in an unyielding position. Therefore, once the contradiction intensifies, it is particularly tragic.
Demolition in Shanghai under the torture of high housing prices
"Unified standards, open operation, strict discipline and legal demolition" are the theme requirements put forward at this Shanghai demolition management meeting, and a series of "no" and specific "moving back" are the means of operation. Through these, we can easily see the determination of the Shanghai municipal government to solve the problems accumulated in the previous demolition work. From Liu's speech, we can easily see that the Shanghai municipal government is anxious about the people's livelihood at the bottom.
But the problem is still imminent. Because after entering 2005, Shanghai will face a large-scale demolition process. Because the demolition of the World Expo has been put on the agenda. In 2005, the total amount of demolition in Shanghai will reach 60,000, compared with less than 40,000 in 2004. The Expo Park alone involves the demolition of 5.53 square kilometers and tens of thousands of residents. And these demolition work, it is impossible to use such a simple way to alleviate the contradictions in the process of demolition. At the same time, in 2005, Shanghai's housing prices, which are already at a high level, are still rising further. The price per square meter of the outer ring, central ring and inner ring is close to taking shape. In this case, the cost of Expo demolition will be an astronomical figure.
Recently, however, the Shanghai municipal government has begun to solicit opinions from the public on the demolition of the World Expo, "solving citizens' problems in a citizen's way." In the face of thorny issues, the government's approach of being close to the people first scored on the image.