Korean ginseng is a perennial herb with special cultivation and growth conditions and is very sensitive to soil and climate. Korean ginseng is afraid of both cold and heat, and can only grow in places where the sun shines obliquely. The soil must be dry, and rainwater is not allowed to stay. Generally speaking, ginseng can only be planted on gentle slopes and dry land near the foothills. In order to avoid humidity, the lawn of ginseng garden is built very high, and the lawn is also covered with branches and mats, which can be opened and closed at any time with the change of the sun to protect ginseng from direct sunlight. The sowing period of ginseng is from the end of March to the beginning of April, and it can only be harvested after 6 years of cultivation. During this long time, growers must take good care of them every day, because once pests and diseases occur in the ginseng garden, hundreds of ginseng plants will be destroyed overnight.
Korean ginseng
Origin: It is the same species as domestic ginseng, so it is named because it is produced in North Korea and South Korea. Most products on the market now are Korean ginseng. When digging, you should generally choose ginseng strips that are more than 6 years old, full of water and long. Korean ginseng can be divided into red ginseng and white ginseng according to different production methods.
Ginseng Rubra: Steam it with high-temperature steam for 2 hours until it is fully cooked, dry it, remove the ginseng whiskers, and press it into irregular square columns. Efficacy: Warming.
White ginseng: choose short and inferior Korean ginseng, put it in boiling water for a while, and then dry it. Efficacy: mild in nature.
morphological character
Perennial herbs; The taproot is fleshy, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, and the fibrous root is slender; The rhizome (reed head) is short, with stem marks (reed bowl) and buds on it; Stem solitary, erect, 40-60 cm tall. Leaves are palmately compound, with 2-6 vertical leaves, which vary with age: 3 lobules in L year, 2 lobules 12 lobules in 3 years, 23 lobules in 3 years, 3 1 lobules in 4 years and 4- 15 lobules in 5 years, with a maximum of 6; 3-5 leaflets, of which 1 is the largest in the middle, ovoid or ovoid, 3-12cm long and1-4cm wide, with wedge-shaped base, tapering apex, fine-pointed serrations at the edge and sparse bristles on the upper surface along the midvein. Umbellies have terminal florets; The flower is bell-shaped and has five teeth; Petals 5, yellow green; . Stamens 5, filaments short, anthers spherical; Below the room, 2 rooms, style 1, stigma 2-lobed. Berry drupe oblate or kidney-shaped, bright red when mature; Seed 2, oblate, yellow and white.
characteristic
Ginseng has a humid and cold climate, with an average temperature of -23-5℃ in 10 and 20-26℃ in July, with 65,438+. Strong cold tolerance, low temperature of -40℃, suitable growth temperature 15-25℃, forest environment with small temperature difference between day and night, and accumulated temperature of 2000-30℃. The soil is well drained, loose and fertile brown forest soil with deep humus layer or mountain gray brown forest soil with pH value of 5.5-6.2. Most of them live in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests or deciduous broad-leaved forests dominated by Korean pine, and the canopy density is 0.7-0.8. The main tree species is Korean pine. et Zucc。 Five-pointed maple Maxim. ，Tiliamandschurica Rupr。 Et motto. , Ulmus pumila (Trautv. ) Mayr, phellodendron amurense. Quercus mongolica. , Schisandra chinensis (Turcz. )Baill。 Aralia elata ) it seems. Wait. Ginseng usually blooms in 3 years and bears fruit in 5-6 years. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from July to July.
Protect value
Ginseng is a precious tonic with great medical and economic value for a long time. It has been used in China for about 4000 years. However, due to long-term over-excavation, the natural distribution area has decreased, and the Central Plains producing areas represented by Shangdang Dangshen, namely southern Shanxi, southern Hebei, Henan and western Shandong, have long been extinct. At present, wild ginseng in Northeast China is extremely scarce, so it is of special significance to protect the natural resources of this species.
protection measures
Ginseng is listed as a national rare and endangered protected plant, and Changbai Mountain and other nature reserves are protected. Other distribution areas should also be protected, and mining is strictly prohibited, so that ginseng resources can be gradually restored and increased. It has been widely cultivated in three northeastern provinces, and recently introduced in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces.
Key points of cultivation
Ginseng cultivation should pay attention to the special habitat, dormant embryo, slow growth and delicate characteristics.
1) ginseng planting should choose a slightly acidic soil with a certain slope and rich humus.
2) Sowing: It is one of the important keys to master the understanding of seed germination characteristics and low temperature stratification before germination. Sprouting seeds can be sown in spring, and cracked seeds can be sown in autumn.
3) Transplanting: it can only be transplanted after 2-3 years of sowing. Pay attention to cold protection when planting in autumn and drought resistance when planting in spring.
4) Shading, weeding and disease prevention must be paid attention to after sowing or transplanting ginseng seedlings.