It has jurisdiction over 4 towns, 5 townships, 129 villagers' committees and 7 residents' committees. At the end of the year, the total population was 218300, including non-agricultural population14400 and minority population17400. The ethnic minorities with a large population are Miao, Dong, Buyi and Shui. The birth rate is 13.8‰, the natural growth rate is 6.07‰, and the planned birth rate is 96.9%. The main minerals are barite, phosphorus, coal, iron, lead and zinc, sulfur and iron.
Majiang County is located in the middle of Guizhou, upstream of Qingshui River, with a total area of 1222.2 square kilometers. Majiang County enjoys a superior geographical position, located between the four major markets of three cities, one mine and one mine. The county seat is 0/09 km away from Guiyang, the provincial capital, 65 km away from Wengfu Phosphate Fertilizer Base, the largest in Asia, 37 km away from Kaili, the capital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, and 23 km away from duyun city, the capital of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. With the opening of Guiyang-Xinxiang-Kaili-Majiang expressway, Majiang's location advantage is more prominent. Hunan-Guizhou Railway, Guizhou-Guangxi Railway and Liu Zhu Double Track cross the border. National Highway 320, 2 10, Guixin Expressway and Kaima Expressway all meet in the suburbs of the county. Four inter-provincial highways crisscross each other, forming a transportation network extending in all directions, making Majiang a traffic throat fortress in Guizhou and even southwest China.
Organizational system evolution
The origin of the name
Majiang is a transliteration of the Miao language Maha, which means water boundary.
Majiang's name is the sound transition between Maha and Ma Xia in history. According to legend, because there is Mahawan in the east, Jima in the south, Maguang in the southwest, and Mala and other villages in the hometown of Pingding Division, it is named after the land.
Maha and Ma Xia are the result of different Chinese characters in the same language. If we look up the local history, we can see that this language should be the language of the Mulao people, and this place is their historical residence. As for the specific meanings of Maha and Ma Xia, we can be sure that they are named after geographical shapes. Majiang is a later derived place name. If classified, it can be classified into categories named after geographical rivers.
The development of history
Qin and Han Dynasties belonged to Galand County. Sui county. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Leping Pingyi Fu Xuan Division and Ma Heping Man appeasement Division were established. In the twenty-seventh year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (A.D. 1 157), the Maha appeasement department was established, in the first year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1335), the Maha County was established, and in the sixteenth year of Ming Hongwu (A.D. 1383), the Maha long lawsuit was established, and in the seventh year of Hongzhi (A.D.
In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), the abandoned Maha Prefecture was renamed as Maha County, in the nineteenth year of the Republic of China (1930), and in the twentieth year of the Republic of China, it was renamed as Majiang County.
1949165438+1October 14 Majiang was liberated, and Majiang County People's Government was established on 23rd, which belongs to Dushan District.
1956, transferred to Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.
administrative division
20 1 1, Majiang county governs 4 towns and 5 townships. They are Xingshan Town, Sixia Town, Gudong Town and Xuanwei Town; Bibo Township, Jingyang Township, Longshan Township, Bamang Township and Site Township.
In 20 13, Guizhou Provincial People's Government (Qianfuhan [20 13] 120) agreed to establish towns in Bibo Township, Longshan Township and County Buyi Township in Majiang County.
In 20 14, Guizhou Provincial People's Government (Qianfuhan [20 14] 184) agreed to put the administrative areas of Sixia Town and Bibo Town in Majiang County under the jurisdiction of Kaili City;
201June 4th, Guizhou Provincial People's Government [20 16]10 agreed to cancel the establishment of Xingshan Street and Zhu Jin Street in Xingshan Town, Majiang County. After adjustment, Majiang County governs Xingshan Street, Zhu Jin Street, Gudong Town, Xuanwei Town and Longshan Town.
geographical environment
Location context
Majiang County is located in the middle of Guizhou Province, on the upper reaches of Qingshui River, and is the west gate of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, between east longitude10718' ~10753' and north latitude 26 17'~ 26 37'. Majiang County is 0/09 km west of Guiyang, the provincial capital, 65 km north of Wengfu Phosphate Fertilizer Base, 37 km east of Kaili, the capital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, and 23 km south of duyun city, the capital of Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.
topography
Majiang county is located in the slope zone of the transition from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to Hunan-Guangxi hilly region. Majiang county is mainly a mountainous area. Low mountains, hills, valleys and basins account for 78.4% of the total area of Majiang County. Majiang County is 930m above sea level, with the lowest elevation of 576m and the highest elevation of 1862m. Majiang county covers an area of 1222.2 square kilometers.
climate
Majiang County belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, with no severe cold in winter and no intense heat in summer, abundant rainfall and four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 14 ~ 16℃, the annual rainfall is 1200 ~ 1500mm, the relative humidity is about 80%, and the frost-free period is 270 ~ 3065433.
hydrology
As of 20 1 1, the rivers in Majiang County belong to the main stream of Qingshui River and the tributary of Chong 'an River, belonging to Yuanjiang River system in the Yangtze River basin. There are 228 rivers in Majiang County, with a total length of 7 12.9 kilometers and a drainage area of12010.4 square kilometers. Among them, there are 1 and secondary rivers with a basin area of over 20 square kilometers, with a total length of 238.24 kilometers, belonging to Mawei reach of Qingshui River and a tributary of Yu Liang. Mawei River is the main stream of Qingshui River, which flows 37.5 kilometers through the county and covers an area of 458 square kilometers. Its main rivers are Yangchang River, Longshan River, Huilong River, Xiaba River, Sandao River and Baihe River, and * * * accepts more than 80 tributaries. Yuliang River belongs to the headwater tributary of Chong 'an River. Rivers in Majiang County are mainly replenished by precipitation, with an average annual runoff depth of 658 mm In recent 40 years, the average total surface runoff is 826,654.38 billion cubic meters, with 930 million cubic meters in good years, 785 million cubic meters in good years, 635 million cubic meters in poor years and 458 million cubic meters in extremely dry years. Gudong, Xingshan, Si Xia and Xuanwei in Majiang County are pure carbonate karst water areas with shallow groundwater. Two underground rivers and 953 spring wells have been identified, with an average displacement of 2 1 l/s.
Population and nationality
Human population
The population is 2 1.84 million, and the Miao nationality accounts for 80.23% of the total population of the county. It is a poverty-stricken county supported by the state with agricultural production as the main body.
nation
Majiang has a long history and splendid culture. "Majiang-style" bronze drum occupies an important position in Chinese bronze drum culture, and the Miao modern folk painting in Tonggu Village, Si Xia Town, this county is well-known at home and abroad. Majiang has trained a large number of people with lofty ideals in history. Xia Tonghe, the top scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, was the first person who had the dual status of top scholar and international student since China opened the imperial examination. In the early years of the Republic of China, Zhou Gongshou, an educator of "Majiang Double Walls" and Zhou Changshou, a physicist.
History and culture
folk custom
Festival on April 8
According to legend, a long time ago, in order to commemorate the Miao heroes, on April 8, all the descendants of the Miao nationality had to put on costumes, carry lusheng and bring all kinds of glutinous rice and other foods to show their admiration. Over time, "April 8th" is a traditional festival for Miao compatriots, and it has also become a festival in which other ethnic groups actively participate. May 3 1987 The State Ethnic Affairs Commission recognized April 8 as a traditional Miao festival.
Bullfighting festival
Miao nationality is an ancient farming nation. In the long-term farming life, the Miao people have formed a special feeling for cattle, and the Miao people have maintained their love and worship for cattle so far. Historical Records: "Chiyou has horns, and the cow's head is a human being." It can be seen that in ancient times, the Miao nationality has long been a nation that worships cattle.
Historical and cultural resources
Majiang county has provincial-level cultural relics protection units 1, 4 national-level cultural relics protection units and 8 county-level cultural relics protection units1. In 2005, the People's Government of Qiandongnan announced the first batch of 65,438+000 national ethnic cultural villages, including Heba, Yan Ying and Wuyangma in Majiang County. In 2007, Majiang County actively carried out the general survey and declaration of intangible cultural heritage. By the end of 2008, Majiang County had obtained two national intangible cultural heritage lists, eight provincial intangible cultural heritage lists, one national intangible cultural heritage list 1 and one county intangible cultural heritage list 15. In 2009, Majiang County made a detailed investigation, registration, mapping and delineation of the protection scope of Heba, Yan Ying and Wuyangma ethnic villages as "historical towns and blocks in the third cultural relics survey in Guizhou Province". In the same year, four inheritors of intangible cultural heritage in Majiang County were awarded the title of outstanding inheritors of national folk culture. In 20 10, according to the unified deployment of the state, the focus of the intangible cultural heritage work in Majiang county shifted from the declaration list to the protection work, and the county people's government announced a number of outstanding inheritors at the county level *** 19, and appropriately rewarded these inheritors. In the same year, Majiang County 1 person was awarded the title of provincial inheritor. 20 1 1 year, Majiang county used the intangible cultural heritage protection fund of 1 1 ten thousand yuan to build the heba intangible cultural heritage inheritance center in heba village committee, with a construction area of170m2, which was completed and put into use in May of the same year. In 20 12, Liubao Village in Xingshan Town was listed by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission and the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission as 30 ethnic groups and 500 characteristic ethnic cultural villages in the province for protection and construction.
local speciality
Majiang sour soup fish
Sour soup fish are found all over the southeast of Guizhou, and the better one is Ping Huang Sour soup fish, which is original and does not apply grease, which conforms to the current dietary trend. Kaili Sour Soup is the most famous. The sour soup fish in Majiang County won the special gold medal in the fine food and food culture exhibition of China Western International Expo, and the Jinding Award of China Famous Banquet.
Mahjong rice
Majiang County is known as the "hometown of zinc, selenium and rice in China", with rich flavor, good color, fragrance and smooth taste. It is rich in more than ten kinds of beneficial elements harmful to human body, such as methionine, glutamic acid and lysine.
blueberry
By the end of 20 1 1, Majiang county had developed 20,000 mu of blueberry planting base, which was distributed in 6 towns and villages. 20 1 1 At the end of the year, Majiang County established 1 Blueberry Industry Technology Association and 13 Farmers' Professional Cooperative, which drove more than 400 farmers to plant blueberries.
cultural relics and historic sites
majiang county
Gao Jian Xia Tong and Zhuang Yuandi
Built in the early years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, it is the former residence of Xia Tonghe, the champion of the Reform Movement of 1898 in the late Qing Dynasty. It is located at the foot of the lion in Gaojian Village, County Farm Township, 8 kilometers away from the county seat. The number one scholar is a wooden structure, with external bricks and internal bricks, covering an area of about 400 square meters, north-south direction. The courtyard is paved with stone slabs, with a width of 8m and a length of10m. The gatehouse is vertically hung with a bronzing plaque on a blue background. There is a pair of couplets on both sides of the door, which reads "Love Jingguang at any time and fight for Chongming De". The gatehouse consists of three rooms, two wings and a main hall, which are surrounded by brick walls into a quadrangle. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1899), Xia Tonghe returned to his hometown to worship his ancestors. He lived in this mansion for 32 days, and now it should be well preserved. In order to praise the reputation of the champion, in the early years of the Republic of China, the unexpected apartment in Nankou North Road, Wujiaochang, Beijing was called the "Xia Champion".
Bamaochong
Bamaochong, located in Wenggang Village, Sixia Town, is the hometown of Zhang Xianpei, a strong man who assassinated Yuan Shikai. Surrounded by mountains and green hills, Xiaba River twists and turns and flows through the fields in front of the village. There is a 7-meter-high "General Stone" on the hill opposite the village. According to historical records, Ba Maochong was a general in feudal society. Sean, the father of Zhang Xianpei, was a general in the late Qing Dynasty. He started with "meritorious military service" and was awarded the title of General Jianwei. He was born in Daoguang Dingyou (1837) and died in the last years of his country (1938). Zhang Xianpei's grandfather Zhang Zaixing, his great-grandfather Zhang Yun and his great-grandfather Zhang Youcai were all made generals, while his grandmother was a "Mrs. Yipin" and his distant grandfather was made general Wu slightly. Gathered in Guizhou, the ancestral home was General Wuwei during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. "Mrs. Yipin" and "General Jianwei" were buried in Bamaochong. The huabiao of the tomb of "Mrs. Yipin" is still there, and the general cemetery language is clearly visible.
Sean is an honest official. All his income is used to train his children to study, help the poor and do good for the elderly in his hometown. He donated money to build three stone arch bridges and three three-street roads for his hometown. The two stone arch bridges built in Wenggang Zhongzhai and Laoshan River have been destroyed by floods, leaving only one Fude Bridge in front of Zhaizhai River. The bridge is 9 meters long, 2.5 meters wide and 6 meters high. A sword was inserted backwards in the bridge, which is said to prevent the dragon from getting up and destroying the bridge. At Qiaotou, there is a monument of Fude in Guangxu period (1April 875), and the inscription records the whole story and merits and demerits of bridge repair.
Wuchuansheng tomb
Wu Chuansheng died to defend his country, and President Li posthumously awarded the rank of general. Buried in the back mountain of Siya Baoyangzhou, it is 5 km away from Sixia Town1.5. The tomb is 6.32 meters long, 3.2 meters wide and 2.2 meters high. The tombstone is inlaid with five finely carved large bluestones, with a height of1.65m, a middle width of 0.86m, a top eaves width of1.08m, an inner monument width of 0.6m and a thickness of 0.4m. Tomb-Sweeping Day was established in the 15th year of the Republic of China (1962). The inscription is written in regular script, with the words "Bless China" written horizontally on the upper eaves and a pair of couplets written vertically on both sides, "Turn the tide to be the mainstay, making the history of the Qing Dynasty a symbol of the virtues of famous mountains". In the center of the main monument, the words "Tomb of the Voice of Wu Gong" are written vertically, each word is 17cm square, the time of erecting the monument is at the lower right, and the name of the person who erected the monument is at the lower left. On the side tablet, Wu Chuansheng's tomb table is carved vertically from right to left, and the word is about 2 cm square.
"Farmhouse" for leisure and entertainment
Si Xia is only 20km away from Kaili, which is actually a suburb. Here is a beautiful environment, outstanding people, and the jade belt-like Qingshui River passes around the city, just like the "Venice" in the west. "Nongjiale" is located on both sides of Qingshui River. At present, 10 farmers have been listed for operation. Bay Pond, in particular, is located on the alluvial beach of Qingshui River, opposite to Chen Si Highway, and between the foot of the mountain and the river is a grassy meadow, just like a natural carpet laid by God. On the right side of the stockade is endless paddy fields, followed by pine forests. There are trees in the stockade, bamboo forests and weeping willows in Ran Ran, and cobblestone paths in the middle of the stockade. The ground is clean, clean, clean. The villagers are very hospitable. If you walk around the village as a guest at this time, the villagers will definitely take you home and let you drink their own thick glutinous rice wine. If you don't drink, they won't make you. You can choose and taste farm food at will. After dinner, you can chat and walk freely with the farmers, roll on the beach and grass, and play in the river, so as to relieve your troubles of noisy traffic in the city and the fatigue of working for a week.