Definition of blood donation
Blood donation is generally understood as voluntary blood donation in China, and it is also called voluntary blood donation in Taiwan Province and Hongkong. Refers to the process of blood donors donating whole blood, plasma or blood cell components. Usually, blood donors don't charge any compensation, and blood collection and supply institutions will issue low-value souvenirs to blood donors.
These blood are usually stored in blood banks and kept by medical units and blood stations for people who need blood transfusion. Compared with paid blood donation, the blood quality of unpaid blood donation can be guaranteed, which is beneficial to the health and safety of the recipients. Intentional blood donors can complete voluntary blood donation in fixed and mobile blood donation stations, blood donation houses and blood donation vehicles in various regions. Blood collection and supply institutions will regularly arrange blood collection vehicles to schools, units and densely populated areas, or cooperate with the activities of relevant institutions to attract blood donors.
What are the benefits of donating blood?
From the perspective of blood physiology: what is the concept of donating 200 ml of blood? The total amount of human blood accounts for about 8% of the body weight, and the total amount of blood of ordinary adults is 4000-5000 ml, while 200 ml of blood donation only accounts for1/20-1/25 of the total amount of blood; In clinical medical practice, blood transfusion is generally not recommended for those whose blood loss is below 600 ml. It can be seen that donating 200 ml of blood will never affect health.
Many people's first idea of donating blood is to cure diseases and save lives, which is obligatory. However, a large number of scientific studies have proved that while donating love to the society, blood donors have inadvertently improved their physical condition and invested in their health.
1, blood donation has a good long-term effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems: it can prevent and alleviate blood viscosity and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Due to the improvement of living standards and the decrease of physical activity, people's body fat accumulates more and more and stays at a high level for a long time, commonly known as "thick blood". The result of "thick blood" is that fat is attached to the blood vessel wall layer by layer, and finally arteriosclerosis is formed, and the elasticity of blood vessels is reduced, leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Regular blood donation reduces a part of the sticky blood in the body, and then through normal drinking water, the blood volume is replenished and the blood is naturally diluted, so that the blood lipid will be reduced. Insisting on proper blood donation can reduce all components in blood, especially iron and protein, and also reduce blood viscosity and speed up blood flow. With the increase of oxygen supply, people feel relaxed and clear-headed. Can effectively reduce arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction.
2, regular blood donation can improve hematopoietic function: because from the birth of the fetus, bone marrow has become the main hematopoietic organ. With the increase of age, hematopoietic function and hematopoietic rate gradually decreased. After blood donation, due to the decrease in the number of blood cells, it stimulates the release of mature blood cells stored in bone marrow, stimulates hematopoietic tissue in bone marrow and promotes blood cell production. Regular blood donation within the prescribed time limit can keep the bone marrow vigorous.
3. Male blood donation may reduce the incidence of cancer: too low iron content in the body is prone to iron deficiency anemia, slow action, and too high is counterproductive. International Cancer once reported that if the iron content in the body exceeds 10% of the normal value, the probability of cancer will increase (because red blood cells in the blood contain a lot of iron). At present, the argument that proper blood donation can prevent cancer is unfounded and has not been internationally recognized.
4. It can promote and improve mental health: A large number of studies show that healthy emotions can communicate with tissues and organs such as the brain through the nervous system, body fluids and endocrine system, so that they are in a good state, which is conducive to the enhancement of human immunity and the improvement of resistance. Blood donation is a noble character to save lives. While helping others and being kind to others, it also purifies one's spirit, soothes one's soul and enriches one's work and life. Doing good by virtue actually helps others and yourself, which is an important factor for health and longevity.
Basic conditions for participating in voluntary blood donation
Those who meet the following conditions can participate in voluntary blood donation with valid certificates such as ID cards:
Age: 18-55 years old. Repeated blood donors who have failed to respond to previous blood donations and meet the requirements of health examination take the initiative to ask for blood donation again, and their age can be extended to 60 years old;
Weight: male? 50 kilograms, female? 45 kilograms;
Before donating blood, you need to go through health consultation, physical examination and rapid testing. The main items are as follows:
Blood pressure: systolic blood pressure 90- 140mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 60-90mmHg, pulse pressure difference? 30mmHg
Pulse, body temperature, nutrition and physical development are normal;
The heart and lungs are normal, the liver and spleen are not swollen, and there is no history of serious chronic diseases and important organ resection;
No anemia (hemoglobin test: male? 120g/L, female? 1 15g/L)；
The initial screening of hepatitis B surface antigen was negative;
Liver function is normal.
What is the process of blood donation?
1. Blood donation registration: Please bring your student ID card, ID card, military officer's ID card and other valid documents, get the identity information form to fill in, and submit it to the staff after confirming that the information is correct.
2. Blood donation physical examination: In order to ensure blood quality, detect whether there are blood-borne diseases or hereditary diseases, and determine basic indicators such as blood type, physical examination and blood test are necessary for the health of blood donors.
3. Waiting for blood donation: Because there are many blood donors and blood donation is always carried out one by one, it is inevitable to wait patiently. You can prepare books, newspapers and magazines to read in advance. The whole process of blood test and blood collection will last about one and a half hours. You can use today's blood donation time to make an appointment to fill in the form in advance, saving time and planning blood donation at the wrong peak.
4. Iodine tincture disinfection: Do not touch the disinfection site after disinfection.
Check before blood collection: Please answer the questions raised by the blood collector during the check.
5, blood collection: please lie on the blood collection chair, keep an inclined posture, please clench your fist before puncture; Once the blood collection needle pierces the vein, the fist is clenched and relaxed until the blood collection is completed.
6. Hemostasis: Please keep the tampon for at least 10 minute after blood collection. Please don't twist the tampon to prevent subcutaneous bleeding and congestion. Then keep the cotton ball pressing the needle for 4-6 hours to prevent infection.
What should I pay attention to when donating blood?
Preparation before blood donation:
1, try to rest and get enough sleep before donating blood.
2. In order to ensure the quality of blood, don't eat greasy food, such as fat, fish, eggs, milk, bean products and greasy and fried food, and don't drink alcohol the day before and on the day of blood donation. Don't donate blood on an empty stomach to avoid dizziness, palpitation, sweating and other reactions when donating blood. Should eat some light food, such as steamed bread, porridge, pickles, etc., to prevent blood turbidity and affect blood quality.
Don't take medicine before donating blood. If taking aspirin will reduce some functions of platelets within three days, don't take it three days before donating blood.
4. Wash your arms before donating blood to avoid infection at the puncture site. One week before blood donation, if you feel unwell, such as fever or diarrhea, and lesbian menstrual period, you should suspend blood donation.
People who donate blood for the first time can read some blood donation publicity materials and learn some blood physiology knowledge, which can reduce psychological pressure and reduce the chance of blood donation reaction.
6. Don't forget to bring your ID card, including my ID card, military officer's card, soldier's card, passport, driver's license with ID number and other valid ID cards.
Precautions for blood donation:
1, when you donate blood, you will generally register and fill in the physical examination form. Weight, blood pressure, doctor's physical examination You need to take a small amount of blood samples for testing, so don't be nervous and relaxed. After sitting down to collect blood, expose your elbow on the blood collection table and let the blood collection nurse disinfect it.
2, in the process of blood collection, the whole body relax, keep a happy mood, heart full of honor, keep quiet, avoid skin muscle contraction, affect the needle and produce excessive pain.
3. You should be distracted during blood collection. You can think of something else, talk to the blood collection nurse, watch some magazines and TV. It usually ends in 3 ~ 5 minutes.
4. If you feel flustered, stuffy, cold sweat, dry mouth, etc. , should inform the blood collection nurse or visiting doctor, so as to take treatment measures.
Matters needing attention after blood donation:
1, take a rest after donating blood, don't get up in a hurry, press the puncture site with three fingers of a cotton ball. No rubbing is allowed after 5 ~ 10 minutes without bleeding.
2. On the second day after blood donation, you should pay attention to the cleanliness of the needle eye, and it is best to take a bath to avoid dirty water polluting the needle eye to prevent infection.
3. Individual blood donors may have cyanosis at the puncture site due to incorrect pressing and other reasons. This is because there is a small amount of blood oozing under the skin. Local cold compress can be used within 24 hours, and hot compress can be used to promote regression after 24 hours if necessary. According to the cyanosis range, it can gradually subside in a week or so.
4. After blood donation, there is generally no need to supplement special nutrition, drink plenty of water to replenish lost water and maintain a normal diet. Eat lean meat, eggs, pork liver, bean products and other foods with high protein content. You can also eat some fresh vegetables, such as Chinese cabbage, spinach and celery. Don't take tonics, let alone eat, drink and drink, so as not to affect your health. Just pay attention to the normal collocation of diet and nutrition.
Don't do strenuous exercise within 5.24 hours and take a proper rest. Please do not engage in aerial work, hot work, sports competitions, all-night entertainment and other activities that day. Individuals who feel tired will soon disappear as long as they get enough sleep.