What are the characteristics of children's attention and how to cultivate it?

What are the characteristics of children's attention and how to cultivate it? On the road of children's psychological growth, parents cannot be absent. Parents don't have to rush for success, let their children learn to be independent, and share with you what are the characteristics of children's attention and how to cultivate it.

What are the characteristics of children's attention? How to cultivate 1 1? The cause of children's inattention.

Usually there are several reasons for inattention:

Physiological reasons-because the child's brain development is not perfect, the nervous system excitation and inhibition process is unbalanced, so the self-control ability is poor. This is normal. With proper education, most children can concentrate when they grow up.

Pathological reasons-the child has slight brain tissue damage and abnormal neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain. In addition, children with hearing or visual impairment will be mistaken for deaf ears, not paying attention or turning a blind eye. These conditions need to be treated under the guidance of experts to improve.

Environmental reasons-many sweets, caffeinated drinks or foods mixed with artificial colors, additives and preservatives will stimulate children's emotions and affect their concentration. In addition, children's learning environment is chaotic, noisy and too much interference will also affect their attention.

Parenting methods-

Parents can check themselves from these aspects:

1. Are parents' parenting attitudes consistent?

2. Do you love children too much, which leads to children's lack of code of conduct?

Did you buy too many toys or books for your children?

4. The pace of family life is too fast for children to adapt?

5. Are there too many activities at home to provide children with a quiet environment?

6. Have you accumulated any unpleasant experiences during your study? For example, children's level can't keep up with the requirements of teachers and parents, and adults will strengthen them if their attention is not good.

7. Does the child have emotional stress? Is there too much criticism and scolding of children?

Psychological reasons-in order to attract the attention of others, get attention, or to avoid the excessive burden given by parents, subconsciously achieve their goals through some behaviors.

In the past, we thought ADHD was related to the prefrontal lobe of the brain. However, in fact, most people with ADHD are due to abnormal cerebellar function. In the past 20 years, it has been found that people with cerebellar dysplasia have ADHD symptoms at the same time. Functional scanning also found that the cerebellar activity of ADHD patients was very low.

2. What are the characteristics of children's attention?

1. What are the characteristics of children's attention?

(1) has a small range and a short time.

Children pay less attention than adults. Experiments show that in 1/20 seconds, adults can see 4-6 unrelated black spots, while children can only see 2-4. In addition, children can't concentrate on one goal for as long as adults. According to the observation, a 5-year-old boy's time to focus on a certain goal is only about 5 minutes, while the time for a 5-year-old girl and a 6-year-old boy is about 10 minutes. In childhood, girls pay more attention than boys.

(2) Transfer according to needs and interests.

Children's attention is greatly influenced by their own needs and interests. They often focus on what they need and are interested in, while dismissing what they are dissatisfied with and uninterested in. For example, they can stand and concentrate on watching the birds, lively monkeys and cute pandas in the zoo for a long time, while passing by other animals. The same is true of toys. Parents provide them with many toys, some give up after playing for a few times, and some are not tired after playing for a long time, which is related to children's needs and interests. Their needs and interests are constantly changing, so are their goals.

(3) Affected by emotions.

Whether a child can concentrate is closely related to the mood at that time. They can concentrate on one thing when they are happy, and they will be distracted when they are unhappy. They don't even care about food, and watch enough cross talk and funny children's programs on TV. So parents should be good at entertaining and teaching their children when they are happy.

(4) attention is relatively single.

Adults can concentrate on doing more than two things at the same time, and can prioritize and allocate attention appropriately. Children lack this ability. They can only focus on one goal or one thing at a time. For example, adults can watch TV while eating, which is correct, while children can take care of the other side at the same time. And once you focus on one point, everything around you can be forgotten, and sometimes he can't hear you when you call it out. The singleness and concentration of children's attention are conducive to learning knowledge, mastering skills and developing intelligence, and should be fully utilized.

3. Children's academic performance is affected by attention deficit.

Mother said: My child is very clever, but he just can't concentrate on one thing. They often look around, make small moves in class, learn while playing, often finish things, and are easily distracted.

Dad said: My child can talk, but his self-control is poor and his mood is unstable. He can't calm down and won't listen to persuasion under any circumstances. Interfere with adult activities, love to interrupt, have resistance to doing homework, and are unwilling to do it.

The teacher said: Some children have high IQ, but they are prone to make mistakes, omissions and misunderstandings during the exam, which leads to low academic performance and is often considered careless by parents.

Experts say: The above common problems are the early manifestations of attention deficit. According to the survey, 75% of children in our country have the problem of inattention to varying degrees. The main manifestations of these children are: inattention, poor grades, sloppy writing, weariness of learning, excessive activities, and some of them are accompanied by impulsive willfulness, unsociable, poor self-control, or aimlessness, playfulness, truancy, fighting, and even lying and stealing. No amount of education can help.

The difference in academic performance lies not in the length of study time, but in the level of study efficiency; The decisive factor affecting learning efficiency is the degree of concentration in learning. Therefore, when children are found to have attention problems, parents should take their children for corresponding examinations as soon as possible and treat them as soon as possible.

4. How to cultivate children's attention?

In this ever-changing world, there are many new things that children have never seen or heard of, attracting children with their unique charm. So we can make full use of children's curiosity to cultivate children's attention. Attention is the direction and concentration of psychological activities on an object. Attention itself is not an independent psychological process, but it plays a guiding, organizing and regulating role in psychological processes such as perception, memory, imagination and thinking. Attention, like psychological processes such as perception, has a development process, and its development level directly affects the level of intellectual development. In early childhood, we must pay enough attention to the cultivation of children's attention, which has a great influence on the development of children's ability. So, how to cultivate children's attention?

First, make full use of children's curiosity.

Many examples have proved that strong, curious and dynamic objects can attract children's attention most. Singing birthday cakes, jumping frogs, walking dolls and other toys can stimulate children's curiosity and make them concentrate on observation and play. Parents can buy some similar toys for their children to train them to concentrate. Especially for children before the age of 3, this method is the most ideal and effective. In addition, children can be brought to play in a new environment. For example, take the child to the park and show him some charming landscapes such as flowers, grass and buildings of different shapes that he has never seen before. Take the children to the zoo to see some interesting animals. And use their curiosity about new things to cultivate their attention.

Second, pay attention to cultivating children's interest.

No matter who you are, when you are doing something that interests you, you will always be very devoted and dedicated, and so will your children. Children's attention and interest are closely related. Direct interest is the source of children's unintentional attention, and children's attention is influenced by interest. They are not only easy to concentrate on the activities and games they are interested in, but also can keep it for a long time. For example, children are interested in monkeys. They can concentrate on observing the monkey's every move, walking and eating for a long time, and they can find or gain some real knowledge in the process of paying attention. On the contrary, if children are exposed to a lot of book knowledge before entering school and find that the teacher is teaching what they are familiar with after entering the classroom, then most children will involuntarily lose their concentration and look around. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the cultivation of children's broad interests with the cultivation of attention. In short, cultivating a good mood and eliminating bad emotions plays an important role in the cultivation of attention.

To cultivate children's interest, we should take the way of induction to stimulate. For example, to cultivate children's interest in literacy, we can take advantage of children's love for stories, buy children some picture story books with text prompts, let children read books while listening to stories, and tell children that these beautiful stories are written in books, which will arouse children's interest in literacy, and then know some simple hieroglyphics to cultivate children's attention in interesting literacy activities.

Interest is the main condition for generating and maintaining attention. The stronger a child's interest in things, the easier it is to form a stable and concentrated attention. Therefore, parents should pay attention to cultivating children's extensive interests and use this as a medium to cultivate children's attention.

Third, train children's concentration in the game.

Psychologists in the former Soviet Union once did an experiment: let children put different colors of paper in the same color box under two different activities: playing games and simply completing tasks, and observe the time of children's concentration. The experimental results show that in the game, 4-year-old children can persist for 22 minutes, and 6-year-old children can persist for 765,438+0 minutes, and the number of notes distributed is 50% more than when they simply complete the task. 4-year-old children can only insist on 17 minutes, and 6-year-old children can only insist on 62 minutes. The experimental results show that children have strong concentration and stability in game activities. Therefore, children can play more games and cultivate their attention in the game.

There are many ways to play games. For example, traditional games let children "find lost toys", which is a simple and easy way to cultivate children's concentration. The specific method is: parents and children take out a few toys and put them on the table, teach children to count the number of toys, let children name the toys, remember the types of toys, and then take one or several when children are not paying attention. Ask the child "What is missing?" Let the children concentrate on remembering, watching and watching. This training method is simple, flexible and practical. Parents can also choose other similar games according to the specific situation.

Games are children's favorite activities, which can arouse children's interest and make them happy. Parents should selectively play games with their children and consciously cultivate their children's concentration in game activities.

Fourth, enrich children's knowledge and experience.

Children's knowledge and experience not only contribute to the formation and development of interest, but also promote the development of good attention qualities such as breadth, stability and distribution of attention. In daily life, we should consciously train children to master some movements and skills, which is very beneficial for children to adapt to the environment and cultivate their attention distribution ability.

Fifth, let the children know the purpose of the activity and consciously concentrate.

The deeper children understand the purpose and significance of the activity, the stronger their desire to complete the task, the more concentrated their attention during the activity and the longer it lasts. For example, a child who is always procrastinating and careless in writing, if you promise him to write carefully and give him a gift he has always wanted after finishing the task on time, he will definitely relax and concentrate on writing seriously.

In daily life, parents can also train their children to concentrate consciously and divert their attention purposefully. If you ask a child: Where are mom's clothes? Are there any toys lost on the table? Or let the child draw a picture for his mother as a birthday present, guide the child to learn to pay attention intentionally, and let him gradually develop the habit of focusing on purpose and paying attention consciously.

Of course, there are many ways to cultivate children's concentration, and the specific implementation methods are not the same. Parents can take appropriate measures to train and cultivate their children's concentration according to the characteristics of their children's concentration development in a planned and purposeful way. As long as you adopt a scientific method and attitude and work hard, you will surely succeed.

Sixth, use the law of attention to organize children's activities.

The cultivation of children's attention must follow the development law of children's attention, organize activities reasonably and cooperate with various effective measures in order to achieve good results. For example, according to the characteristics of children's unintentional attention, game activities are the main ones. In the game, teaching AIDS should be vivid, novel and colorful. These are all good ways to attract children's attention. In addition, according to the development characteristics of children's intentional attention, it is a good way to cultivate children's intentional attention by putting forward specific purpose requirements when organizing children to play games and gradually decomposing activity steps.

Finally, when cultivating and improving children's attention, we must keep in mind these indispensable factors:

1, Time: Give children enough time to finish and help them feel the joy of working independently.

2. Recognition: If adults recognize children's success, children can continue to develop in this collar.

3. * * * Participation: Children like to play interesting games with their parents, which in itself prolongs the time of concentration. At the same time, parents' concentration can produce an extremely effective demonstration effect.

5. Attention problems of autistic children

(1) Children with autism have attention problems.

They may have difficulty in choosing the appropriate object of attention, maintaining the appropriate fixation time and switching attention between objects.

They keep repeating familiar things, but they are not curious about new and different things, and their behavior is rigid, accompanied by ritual activities.

They often stubbornly insist on timetables and certain ceremonies.

They will stick to the program they have learned before, even if they are not required to do so, or when the program obviously doesn't work.

They may repeatedly fiddle with some objects or show constant exercise habits, such as clapping their hands, twisting their fingers and repeating body movements.

They may pay more attention to the local information of things and ignore the whole information.

They usually have difficulty in imagining, pretending or assuming.

Usually, their interests and activities are very limited, and they are different from normal children in content, duration and intensity.

Because they seldom care about the happiness or unhappiness of others, the general reward and punishment methods are usually ineffective for them.

It is difficult for them to understand what they should do to achieve their goals.

(2) Autistic children usually lack self-regulation of movement, perception and emotion.

They often have problems in sports coordination.

They may be sensitive or insensitive (the manifestations of sensory processing disorders will be introduced in the next chapter).

Sometimes, they will show abnormal fear, and feel excessively afraid of non-threatening objects, but not so afraid of threatening objects.

They show unusual emotional response (or lack of response) to environmental changes.

Usually, excessive emotional and sensory stimulation will make them overreact or collapse, and children often lose their temper.

What are the characteristics of children's attention and how to cultivate it? Attention refers to people's attention to some people or things in psychological activities, including intentional attention and unintentional attention. Intentional attention is conscious and purposeful attention, which requires some efforts. Unintentional attention is spontaneous and does not require any effort. For example, when kindergarten teachers teach children to draw, they need to pay attention. Children should look carefully and draw carefully. Suddenly firecrackers sounded outside the window, and the children's attention would invariably turn to the window, which was unintentional attention. It is this kind of unintentional attention that interferes with intentional attention and makes the teacher's classroom content unable to proceed.

In infancy, it is mainly unintentional attention, but with the growth of age, the enrichment of life content and the expansion of activities, intentional attention gradually appears. 4-6-year-old children, began to appear a kind of inquiry psychology, have a desire to explore everything, like to look around and touch the west, as long as it is fresh, it will attract their attention. At the same time, due to the development of speech, I can begin to obey the requirements of adults and pay attention to the gradual development. But at this time, the stability of intentional attention is poor, and it is easy to be dispersed and transferred by external factors. The time to concentrate is usually only five minutes, so don't think these children have ADHD.

1. Clarifying the purpose of learning has proved that the more clearly children understand the purpose of learning, the easier it is for their attention to last.

2. Cultivate interest When children are interested in a certain content, their attention is easy to concentrate and last, so the forms of early childhood education should be diversified and vivid.

3. After 5- 10 minutes of study, let the children have a few minutes of free time to avoid continuous fighting.

4. Create a good environment. Try to keep quiet indoors and outdoors when studying. Adults should not walk around the house, and don't say anything to children that has nothing to do with the learning content. Adults should watch TV and videos in moderation. It is best not to watch them while children are studying, or turn down the volume to avoid distractions.

Easily distracted: you can't concentrate on one thing, it's difficult to concentrate, and often what you started is finished.

Learning difficulties: inattention in class, easy distraction, unstable academic performance, forgetfulness and weariness of learning, and frequent mistakes in homework exams due to carelessness.

Too many activities: you can't be quiet under any circumstances, your hands and feet keep interrupting or interfering with adults' activities, you usually walk in a hurry, and you often run around aimlessly without listening to dissuasion.

Impulsive willfulness: emotional instability, changeability, often jumping to conclusions without thinking and acting recklessly.

Poor self-control: Do not obey the rules and order, do not listen to the instructions of teachers and parents, do things at sixes and sevens, let everything drift, can not cooperate well with others, and are prone to conflict with others.

Children's inattention and easy distraction are the characteristics of many children. The younger the age, the shorter the time to control attention, and the first-grade primary school students can only concentrate for 15 minutes at most. This is because children's nervous system development is not perfect, and the situation of inattention will gradually improve with age. Primary school requires students to sit in class for 40 minutes, but we can't passively wait for the improvement of children's self-development, otherwise it will affect learning efficiency and academic performance. Therefore, for children who are not easy to concentrate, some targeted training can be carried out to improve their attention and adapt to classroom life. I'll give you the specific operation method for reference, especially the first one, which is my child's favorite game:

First, play poker games. Can exercise high concentration and quick response ability.

Take three different cards (excluding the flower cards) and arrange them randomly on the table, such as clubs 2, spades 3 and diamonds 5 from left to right. Choose a card to remember, such as club 2, and let her keep an eye on it. Then, put the three cards upside down on the table and let the parents change the positions of the three cards at will. Then, ask her to report where Club 2 is. If she says she's right, she wins, and they take turns playing games. With the improvement of ability, parents can increase the difficulty, such as increasing the number of cards, changing the position of cards and improving the speed of changing the position of cards.

This method can highly cultivate concentration. Because it is a game, it conforms to children's psychological characteristics and is very popular with children. Children play with great enthusiasm. Keep playing for a while every day, and your attention will be improved. This is the method I invented. My child was in high spirits. He was very attentive when he was in primary school. I have benefited from cultivating his attention in various flexible ways since I was a child.

Second, buy some intellectual training books and keep doing exercises every day.

Some pictures and texts to exercise observation, attention and memory, such as walking in a maze, looking for things in a lot of pictures, looking for similarities and differences (looking for differences in the same, looking for similarities in the different), comparing the sizes, remembering the items in a page of pictures within a specified time, and then closing the book for her to report. Wait a minute. Don't take too long, but you can extend the practice time later. You must practice every day. Do the right thing, reward or score five stars.

Third, play the game of "driving a train".

This kind of game needs more than three people, and a family of three can complete it. Of course, it would be better if grandparents or others were involved. For the convenience of narration, let's take three people as an example. The method is as follows: three people sit in a circle, each gives a station name, and starts the "train" through a few dialogue languages. For example, the father is Beijing Railway Station, the mother is Shanghai Railway Station, and the child is Guangzhou Railway Station. Father clapped his hands and shouted, "The train in Beijing is about to leave." Everyone clapped their hands and shouted, "Where are you going?" The father clapped his hands and shouted, "Guangzhou is leaving." The son of Guangzhou Station immediately said, "The train in Guangzhou is leaving." Everyone clapped their hands and shouted, "Where are you going?" The son clapped his hands and shouted, "Shanghai is open." In this way, whoever the train goes to will have to catch up at once. The faster the train runs, the better. There should be no intermission.

This is a game I played at my childhood reunion. Because this kind of game needs to use your mouth, ears and heart, it can make your attention highly concentrated and also exercise your ability to think quickly. Moreover, this kind of game has an active atmosphere, which can arouse people's enthusiasm and make children enjoy it.

Fourth, playing table tennis interferes with attention games.

It is not easy for a person to maintain a high degree of concentration. If someone interferes with you, you will find it more difficult to concentrate. For example, when you are doing your homework, there is a very attractive TV program next to you, and you will be distracted. However, it is precisely because of the interference and difficulty that you can train your attention in artificially set more difficult and complicated situations. Once, I was playing table tennis with my five-year-old child. I asked him to put the ball on the racket and walk around the table so that he wouldn't fall off. I'm screwing around, but I can't touch his body. Clap your hands and stamp your feet, shout and say, "put it down!" Put it down! " He couldn't help laughing, but in order not to lose to me, he had to keep calm and concentrate and continue to finish the game. After running a lap, we both laughed our heads off and began to cry. In addition, there are similar games, which are very effective in improving attention.