In life, people often see such a scene: if a child begins to learn to speak very early, parents will happily praise the child for his cleverness and early wisdom; If children start to learn to speak late, parents will comfort themselves by saying, "A noble person speaks late". Even Einstein didn't speak until he was three. However, did Einstein, the most famous "late speaker" in history, really speak at the age of three?
Recently, some foreign scholars questioned Einstein's statement that he didn't speak until he was three years old. In the library of Hebrew University in Jerusalem, there is a document quoted by many professional journals-a rumor about Einstein's low intelligence level as a child. As mentioned in the article, Einstein did say that when he was a child, his parents thought he spoke late, so he consulted a doctor. But Einstein can say a whole sentence at the age of three. His language problem may be more because he was always silent and always repeated his words softly before he was seven. Therefore, parents take Einstein's example to comfort their children, saying that children learn to speak late is misleading.
Parents should not be misled by "late talk"
Associate Professor Yi Jin from the Department of Education of Beijing Normal University, who specializes in language development and education research for preschool children, told the author: "Under normal circumstances, when a baby is around 65,438+0 years old, he will say something in general meaning that others can understand. The folk saying is that the child has already said it. When to start talking, the individual differences are very large. "
According to "Developmental Psychology" edited by Professor Lin Chongde, an educational psychologist, the time of infant speech occurrence is basically between 10 ~ 14 months. From this perspective, if the child has not "spoken" after 14 months, parents should pay more attention to his language development and related listening, and seek help from professional institutions such as hospitals if necessary.
"Speaking late" has two meanings: on the one hand, it means that children "speak late"; On the other hand, it means "slow language". Yi Jin explained that children don't necessarily speak late, but they may speak hesitatingly or rarely for a long time after they start speaking, which makes their language "slow" compared with their peers. Children's "language delay" may be due to both ability and personality. Parents should "prescribe the right medicine" when interfering with their children's language development.
There are other reasons why children can't open their mouths
Sister Cheng has been worried about her daughter Lele's remarks recently. "Lele is now one year and three months old and is in the stage of babbling, but since last week, Lele has stopped talking." When asked who took care of Lele, Cheng Jie said that Lele was taken care of by grandma and grandma in turn. Grandma is from Shanxi and speaks Shanxi dialect. Grandma is from Zhejiang and speaks Putonghua with a Zhejiang accent. Sister Cheng and her husband speak Mandarin with Lele at home. Grandma went back to Zhejiang last week and came to Beijing from her hometown in Shanxi to look after Lele. Also from last week, Lele began to be quiet and often showed anxiety.
Yi Jin pointed out that there are many reasons for "language delay", and language input in early environment is one of them. This explains why children tend to "speak late" in a multilingual input environment. Take Lele of Cheng Jie's family as an example. Her parents speak standard Mandarin, while her grandmother speaks Mandarin with a Zhejiang accent. The language change between parents and grandma makes Lele tired of coping. At this time, I changed my grandmother to look after Lele. Grandma's Shanxi dialect completely confused Lele. The mandarin I learned before is completely useless, and I have to learn to talk to her again. Under such circumstances, Lele doesn't like to talk, and anxiety is also reasonable.
In addition, there is another phenomenon that children do not like to talk, that is, "lazy mouth." Yi Jin pointed out that parents (especially every generation parents, such as grandparents) should not be too "hard" when taking care of their children. Children send him what they want before speaking, or just gesture with their lips. Causes children to be "lazy" and are not used to expressing their demands in words.
Yi Jin believes that "love or not" speech is influenced by personality tendency, and it is not necessary to intervene if you don't like speech. However, if children "don't like to talk" will bring adverse effects on their lives and growth, they need to be guided. The purpose of guidance is not to talk too much, but to let children form a sense of language communication. Parents should provide more opportunities for language communication with their children, listen carefully and respect their stories, and give positive responses at the same time.
"Language bombing" can deal with "language delay"
Teletubbies, a children's program produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Doll Company, has been deeply loved by young children since it was broadcast. A major feature of Teletubbies is the repetition of simple children's language. "White clouds, blue sky and blue sky, Teletubbies come out to play." Teletubbies time, Teletubbies time, Teletubbies time. The program repeatedly mentioned "Baby Toast" and "Baby Milk Shake", and the same content was repeated by four Teletubbies one by one. These repetitive messages, which are unbearable for adult audiences, are actually in line with children's cognitive characteristics. The use of antenna baby in children's dental language can play a certain auxiliary role in their language development.
At the stage of children's babbling, parents should grasp the characteristics of children's babbling and try to communicate with their children with overlapping words and childish and lovely tone, such as "Baby, does the baby miss his mother?" "Dogs, puppies, puppies bark" and so on. Even if children rarely respond, parents should not give up "listening bombing" and "bomb" those "keywords" to their children over and over again. This kind of verbosity is necessary for children to learn a language. Repetition is convenient for children to imitate and deepen their memory.
In addition to interacting with children in person, parents can also record sounds and play them to their children. The recorded content can be a story read by parents to their children, or a short speech by the children themselves, accompanied by cheerful music. The reason why "language bombing" can be used to deal with "language delay" is because it creates a language environment for children to learn to speak. Children are surrounded by familiar and understandable languages, so it is not difficult to try to speak.