1 Introduction
Hainan Province is a big marine province with great potential for water transport development, especially Yangpu Economic Development Zone, which has a good deep-water port. Vigorously promoting the construction of regional hub port, petrochemical industrial base, forestry-pulp-paper integrated industrial base and oil and gas reserve base with bonded port as the core is the development strategy of "one port and three bases" determined by the provincial party Committee and government around the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. With the rapid development of port and shipping, the task of quality supervision of waterway engineering is further aggravated. Under the new situation, how to carry out the quality supervision of local water transport projects and fulfill the quality supervision function has become an urgent problem we are facing.
2 Yangpu Economic Development Zone water transport project construction and quality supervision status and existing problems
The Regulation on Quality Supervision of Waterway Engineering stipulates that the quality supervision of Waterway Engineering refers to the compulsory administrative supervision of the quality of Waterway Engineering implemented by the transportation departments of the people's governments at or above the county level and the quality supervision institutions entrusted by them. According to the relevant documents of Hainan Provincial Department of Transportation, the supervision scope of traffic engineering quality supervision and management institutions at all levels is defined: the quality supervision of expressway and expressway export roads, national and provincial trunk highways, highway and waterway engineering construction projects approved by the Provincial Department of Transportation, and the quality supervision of special highway projects approved by the Provincial Department of Transportation, which is specifically responsible by the Provincial Traffic Engineering Quality Supervision and Management Bureau.
Provincial governments are responsible for the quality supervision of decentralized projects, such as rural roads (county roads, township roads and village roads) and highway and waterway projects initiated by cities and counties. At present, Hainan Provincial Traffic Engineering Quality Supervision Administration has been established in Hainan Province, which is subordinate to the department-level institutions of Hainan Provincial Communications Department and is responsible for the quality supervision of highway and waterway engineering in the province. At the same time, Haikou Branch, Qionghai Branch, Danzhou Branch and Sanya Branch were established to be responsible for the quality supervision of provincial and highway projects in each jurisdiction and to guide the quality supervision of highway projects by the transportation departments of cities and counties in each jurisdiction. However, there is no city and county water transport engineering quality supervision institution. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, Yangpu Economic Development Zone implemented a total of 12 port and shipping construction projects, including 2 national projects, 6 provincial projects and 4 local projects, with an investment of 1 1 100 million yuan.
The annual throughput of Yangpu Port is 86.94 million tons, which is double that at the end of the 11th Five-Year Plan. During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, Yangpu will continue to implement six port and shipping construction projects, including two national projects, two provincial projects and two local projects, with an estimated investment of 8 1 100 million yuan. With the national system reform, the power of project approval will be further decentralized, and the upgrading of production terminals will be approved by local governments. The task of quality supervision of Yangpu waterway engineering has increased unprecedentedly. However, Yangpu has not set up or carried out the quality supervision of water transport projects, and there are many problems in fulfilling the quality supervision function, mainly as follows:
2. 1 Only the construction engineering quality supervision station.
As an agency of the provincial government, the Administrative Committee of Yangpu Economic Development Zone did not set up an independent transportation department before 20 16 1, and the transportation administrative function was placed under the management of the Economic Development Bureau. The construction engineering quality and safety supervision station established mainly focuses on the quality supervision of housing construction and municipal road engineering, and is placed under the management of the Planning and Construction Bureau. The Economic Development Bureau and the construction engineering quality and safety supervision station are not equipped with water transport engineering quality supervision personnel. To carry out the supervision of waterway engineering, we must straighten out the supervision mechanism and introduce professional and technical personnel.
2.2 Project capital construction procedures and quality supervision procedures are not perfect.
Waterway engineering projects have the characteristics of diversified investment subjects. Due to the different attention paid by the project owners, the capital construction procedures and quality supervision procedures of the project are also imperfect to varying degrees, especially the water transport projects invested by non-public enterprises and some water transport projects invested by non-transportation industries, such as supporting docks for petrochemical projects. As a result, in engineering construction projects, the performance behaviors and quality assurance system of all parties involved in the project can not be supervised in time, some units have a weak sense of quality, the main management personnel are not in place or frequently changed, some participating units have an imperfect quality assurance system, and the completed concealed works are not inspected in time, which all lead to the defects of engineering quality management from the source.
2.3 the test and testing institutions without the qualification of water transport engineering are stationed.
Water transport engineering test and testing institutions are important basic data sources for engineering quality control and evaluation and an important part of engineering construction quality assurance system. On the basis of self-inspection by the construction unit and parallel inspection by the supervision unit, the quality supervision and sampling inspection of waterway engineering is organized to supervise and sample the materials, intermediate products, equipment and construction technology used in waterway engineering, and to detect and identify the completed engineering entities. However, Yangpu Economic Development Zone does not have a testing and testing institution with the qualification of water transport engineering, and there are only three testing and testing institutions with the qualification of water transport engineering in Hainan Province. According to Article 37 of the Administrative Measures for Testing and Testing of Highway and Waterway Engineering, "testing institutions shall not be entrusted by the owner, supervisor, construction and other parties at the same highway and waterway engineering bid section", at present, the water transport qualification testing institutions in Hainan Province cannot meet the needs of water transport engineering construction. In order to carry out the quality supervision of waterway engineering, Yangpu should introduce a test and testing institution with waterway engineering qualification, or establish a local test and testing institution to cooperate with the quality supervision and sampling inspection of waterway engineering to ensure the objectivity and impartiality of quality supervision.
2.4 The credit system of waterway engineering construction market is not perfect.
The construction of the market credit system of Yangpu Waterway Project is still in its infancy, the social credit system has not been effectively established, and the self-discipline, quality and legal awareness of the responsible subjects are still relatively weak. Some construction units of non-public enterprises blindly pursue the lowest bid, and vicious market competition exists objectively. Due to the fierce competition in the market, contractors such as construction units and supervision units are forced to sign contracts at low prices, and the construction parties have insufficient investment and the quality assurance system is not perfect.
3 Yangpu Economic Development Zone to strengthen the quality supervision of waterway engineering construction measures
Engineering quality supervision is the unshirkable task and responsibility of the government. It is an important basic guarantee for infrastructure construction and economic development. In order to do a good job in the quality supervision of water transport projects quickly and effectively and establish a long-term mechanism to ensure the quality of water transport projects, Yangpu Economic Development Zone has taken some countermeasures and put forward some suggestions on the supervision system of water transport projects in combination with the actual situation:
3. 1 straighten out the supervision system, introduce professional and technical personnel to combine with expert technical support, and the government will purchase testing services.
According to the fact that Yangpu has not yet established a quality supervision institution for water transport projects and the needs of quality supervision, the competent transportation department of Yangpu introduced professional technicians for water transport projects and established a supervision and management mechanism composed of professional technicians and water transport experts. In order to strengthen the supervision and management of waterway engineering quality and safety, and standardize the supervision behavior, the supervision team has compiled the Work System of Waterway Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision in Yangpu Economic Development Zone, the Work Guide of Waterway Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision in Yangpu Economic Development Zone and the Measures for the Management of Waterway Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision Archives in Yangpu Economic Development Zone. Purchase necessary tools, such as industrial technical specifications, testing instruments and labor protection equipment; At the same time, according to the situation of each construction project, a quality supervision plan is formulated, and experts or inspection units are entrusted to cooperate with the on-site laboratory verification, quality and safety comprehensive/special inspection, handover quality appraisal, completion quality verification and other quality and safety supervision related work.
3.2 Strict capital construction procedures, strengthen the management of contractors, especially the management of construction units and supervision units, and build a credit evaluation system for water transport construction market.
In order to straighten out the construction procedures, Yangpu launched a one-year rectification campaign for unapproved construction of water transport projects, which basically improved the procedures for quality supervision and registration of construction projects and filing of construction projects. Register and manage the quality responsibilities of the participating units and the responsibilities of the main management personnel, and urge the participating units to improve the quality assurance system. The construction unit is the core organizer of the project and is fully responsible for the quality of the project. However, in the actual production and construction, due to the irregular behavior of the construction unit, a series of illegal construction behaviors have been triggered, such as violating the construction procedure, not approving the construction first, not using it before inspection, insufficient funds, irregular bidding work, and not giving the supervisor the right and responsibility to play the supervisory role.
At present, China's waterway engineering implements a three-level quality management system of "government supervision, social supervision and enterprise self-inspection". Social supervision is the key in the three-level quality management system, which requires key management, especially the quality assurance system of supervision units, such as whether the composition of on-site supervision institutions, personnel qualifications and quantity meet the needs of engineering construction, whether the supervision planning and implementation rules meet the requirements, whether the supervision can be carried out in strict accordance with the specifications and plans in engineering construction, and whether the working depth meets the requirements. At present, in view of the irregular quality behavior of contractors in the water transport construction market, Yangpu has taken administrative measures such as annual credit evaluation, bidding management and selection of high-quality projects to strengthen management.
3.3 It is suggested to establish waterway engineering from laws and regulations.
"Construction permit" system, optimizing the quality supervision and management system of water transport projects, and implementing the construction permit system in construction projects are the practices adopted by many countries to supervise and manage construction activities. This system refers to the system that the state authorizes the relevant administrative departments to examine whether the project meets the statutory starting conditions before the construction project starts, issue construction permits to qualified construction projects, and allow the project to start construction. At present, the Building Law stipulates the administrative licensing system that construction permits must be applied for before the construction project starts, while the Provisions on the Administration of Port Engineering Construction only requires the administrative service of "filing before the construction project starts", which has low legal requirements and insufficient attention from contractors, which has caused great difficulties to administrative supervision and management. It is suggested that the examination and approval and publicity system of the "construction permit" of waterway engineering should be established legally, and the situation of unapproved construction should be publicized and the responsibility should be investigated.
4 conclusion
Engineering quality supervision is an important management measure for the government to ensure engineering quality. As an important infrastructure construction in China, waterway engineering involves public interests and public safety, so it is necessary to strengthen quality supervision and management. With the development of the "Belt and Road", Yangpu Waterway Project has new development opportunities, and it also poses new challenges to the quality supervision and management of provincial and municipal governments. According to the practical experience of waterway engineering quality supervision and management in Yangpu Economic Development Zone, this paper puts forward some effective countermeasures, such as rationalizing the supervision system, introducing expert technical support, strengthening the supervision and management of construction units and supervisors, suggesting the establishment of construction permit system, changing the quality assessment method of waterway engineering, etc., so as to continuously improve the quality supervision and management level.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd