Focus on solving the concept of short-term consultation
I. Introduction to sfbt
Second, the theoretical hypothesis of SFBT (SFBT)
(A) the basic attitude of SFBT
(2) Basic viewpoints
(3) consultation process
Third, the technology of sfbt.
I. Brief Introduction of Short-term Consultation on Focus Solutions
Focus-on-Solution Short-Term Therapy (SFBT) is a short-term counseling school that has been formed in recent years and is rapidly emerging around the world. It was developed by Steve de Chazel, Inso Ginberg and their colleagues in the short-term family therapy center. It rose in the late 1980s, and after more than 20 years of development and improvement, it began to prevail internationally. At present, there are many books and introductions about this kind of consultation in China, and training and workshops have also begun to operate. The core of focus-solving short-term consultation is "focusing on the future and aiming at the goal". It is different from the traditional problem-solving consulting model.
Second, the theoretical hypothesis of SFBT (SFBT)
(A) the basic attitude of SFBT
Forward:
(1) Pay attention to visitors' positive resources from a positive perspective;
(2) Facing the future and solving problems. Tourists are more realistic and don't be trapped by the past.
Two ways of thinking
Focus on the future and focus on solving it
Pay attention to the past focus
Depends on what you have
(B) the basic point of view of sfbt
1, views on the problem:
(1) "problem symptoms" also have a positive effect;
(2) things don't necessarily have a cause (the focus is on the solution of the problem, not the discussion of the cause)
The cause and result of a problem often go through many links, and a lot of consultation time is often spent on finding the reason, which may not help solve the problem.
2. Views on visitors
(1) Visitors are capable and resourceful problem solvers, that is, they believe that they have the resources to change the status quo.
(2) Visitors are experts who know their own problems best, and consultants are experts who solve the "process" of problems. Counselors only "trigger" visitors to use their abilities and experiences, thus "triggering" visitors to change, rather than "making" changes.
(3) There are no resistant visitors, only stubborn consultants who don't know how to be flexible.
Visitors don't follow the requirements and expectations of consultants because consultants don't know how to be flexible.
3. Views on change
(1) There must be exceptions to everything, and "exceptions" bring solutions to problems;
(2) The problem of reconstruction can lead to the change of visitors;
(3) Small changes lead to big effects.
4, the meaning of "short-term"
(1) at least cut into the visitors' lives and try to end the consultation as soon as possible;
(2) Consultation is a supportive event;
(3) Not that it takes less time than other therapies, but that this therapy has some special standards.
Sfbt process
1, dialogue stage construction plan (40 points)
object construction
Abnormal architecture
Hypothetical solution architecture
2. Rest period (10 points)
3. Feedback stage (10)
Praise, information, homework
The Important Basic Philosophy of SFBT
Focus on solutions and solving problems
Problems/Symptoms and Abnormal/Positive
Discussing problems can only lead to problems, and discussing and solving problems can create solutions. Solutions are what you want, not what you don't want (why-how). People are not restricted by the past, mental illness, etc. With sufficient social construction support, people can create their own future.
Focusing on the future can boost energy more than exploring the past.
I believe that everyone has the strength, wisdom and experience to make changes.
The solution in the experience of the parties, only the parties know their own situation best.
Using postmodern language to play games and construct ideas
Emphasize and reorganize our existing successful experience.
Emotion is the cause, not the cause.
Pay attention to action: if you take action first, your feelings will change.
Small actions bring big changes.
Five therapeutic purposes of SFBT
1 Cooperate with people, not problems.
Looking for resources instead of defects
3 Explore future possibilities and preferences
4 Explore what factors contribute to the possible future.
5 treat the parties as experts in life.
Consultant's task
Inquirers come with all kinds of questions, but their deep feelings are actually very similar, and they are all eager to be affirmed, seen and praised. Consultation gives visitors a vision that they can trust themselves, and gradually discovers their own resource capabilities, which can bring great changes. affairs
The task of a consultant is to help people's eyes shine again-to make them feel their own value. -satya
A worrying conversation
(1) What difficulties have you encountered recently?
(2) How long did this dilemma last?
(3) Why do you think this dilemma has arisen? Or who caused it?
(4) What are your feelings and thoughts when this happens?
(5) How does this dilemma affect you?
(6) What methods have you used to deal with this dilemma, and why do you think it failed?
(7) What are your feelings and thoughts because of the failure of handling?
Solution-oriented dialogue
(1) What difficulties have you encountered recently? (The same dilemma as 1
(2) What do you hope is the final solution or the best outcome of this dilemma? If it happened, how would everything be different for you? (3) When did this dilemma not happen or not so serious? How did this happen?
(4) What makes you support (face) this dilemma?
(5) If you ask your good friends, what kind of advice (or encouragement, affirmation) will they give you when you are faced with this dilemma?
(6) What resources or strength do you think are needed to help you cope with this dilemma? How do you find these resources?
(7) If the result you want is ten, what is your score now? If you have the above resources, how many points can you achieve? So what do you think the first small step might be?
Third, the technology of sfbt.
Focus on solving the short-term consultation stage:
1. The dialogue stage of building a solution, including: target architecture, exception architecture and hypothetical solution architecture.
2. Rest time.
3. Positive feedback stage, including: praise, information provision and homework.
Technology list:
1. Opening remarks: Introduce the meeting procedure in the opening remarks.
2. Target architecture: (1) How to positively guide after the opening.
(2) Consider the types of visitors.
(3) Set goals.
3. Abnormal architecture: (1) Usage opportunity.
(2) Basic sentence patterns and precautions in use.
4. Hypothetical solution architecture: (1) use opportunities.
(2) Technology (miracle, crystal ball, personification, ending problem) and matters needing attention.
5, praise: aspects that can be praised.
6. Homework: How to arrange different homework according to the type of visitors.
7. Consultation again: (1) Opening.
(2) How to respond according to the performance of visitors.
8. General technology: (1) General spirit.
(2) Inspire and guide.
(3) Evaluation technology.
1, opening
Introduction at the beginning of the meeting procedure: I will talk to you for about 40 minutes first, and the content is about your personal situation and the goal you want to achieve. After 40 minutes, we will pause for a few minutes. At this time, I will leave the consulting room, think carefully about what you told me, and then I will come back. When I come back, I will tell you some of my thoughts and give you some feedback and suggestions.
2. Target structure
(1) Guide forward
Implicit assumption of the problem
The purpose of your coming here is. . . Visitors have a goal, which is very important, and visitors can be clear.
Make it clear.
What do you want to buy? Visitors have an important goal they want to achieve and can describe it in detail.
What do you think I can do for you? Visitors are responsible for themselves, and consultants just help. You need the visitor to tell him what the consultant can do.
What do you want to change today? Visitors come to consult because they want to change something, not just complain.
(2) consider the type of visitors
① Tourist type: a person who comes to consult because others suggest or bring him. There is no clear motivation for consultation (involuntary cases)
2 Complaining type: it is others who think that it is necessary to change, not themselves (teachers and parents)-that the only way to solve the problem is for consultants to educate or correct others.
(3) Consumption-oriented: able to describe the situation, form and state the consulting objectives, and start to do something different on the characteristic issues to make the situation better.
How to deal with tourists
① Identify tourists.
② Respect and be friendly, and identify with visitors as much as possible.
Always stand by the visitors.
(4) The topic of visitors begins to guide.
Give a lot of praise and encouragement.
⑥ Confirm the arrival of visitors.
7. There is no homework after the lecture.
Note: the establishment of the relationship between consultants and tourists can not be completed at the first meeting, but needs a process.
How to deal with complaining tourists
Knowing that the visitor will complain shows that he expects the problem to be solved.
(2) We must complain about subtle observation.
(3) provide observation or thinking homework to guide visitors to appreciate the positive part of life from negative complaints.
note:
Although consumer visitors are the most anticipated visitors for short-term consultation, the types of visitors may change.
As a consultant, a positive start is usually to treat visitors as consumers first.
(3) Set a good goal
The goal should be what the visitor wants, not what the consultant thinks the visitor should want.
Criteria for good goals:
(1) is described in positive language.
(2) Describe in the form of process. (described by behavior)
(3) existing in the present.
④ The more specific, the better.
⑤ Start with small steps.
⑥ Describe in the language of tourists.
(1) is described in positive language.
When describing a goal, use the expression of "will" to do and "will" to think, not the statement of "won't do and won't think.
I don't want to yell at my mother when I disagree with her.
Q: So, what do you want to do when you and your mother disagree?
(2) Described in the way of process
Focus-solving short-term consultation uses a series of actions and ideas to dynamically describe the goals to be achieved.
I want to live in peace with my mother.
Q: How do you behave when you live in peace with your mother?
(3) existing in the present.
Solutions are actions that visitors can do immediately or continue.
Exodus: I think when I graduate from high school and leave home for college, my problems with my mother will be solved.
Q: If you have started preparing for the college entrance examination, how do you think you will react to your mother?
Or consultation: suppose you have been admitted to a university when you leave this consultation room. What do you think your attitude towards your mother will be different, or what will you say to yourself?
Release the space occupied by worry, in exchange for letter and action.
Normalization: changing assumptions
Now the parties regard the problem as sometimes tolerable, which is only an important thing in life.
Normal use principle
We must first understand the emotions of all parties concerned.
Pay attention to the subjective feelings of the parties.
There must be evidence or evidence.
4. miracle investigation
Definition: use hypothetical sentences (such as the word "if") to ask the questioner what he might think and do in a specific situation. (Miracle, assuming that the situation has changed, assuming that the expected situation appears)
Function: create hope
Assist in finding the target
Help to conceive the details of the future and draw out the information related to solving the problem.
Metaphor: looking at the original appearance before the puzzle helps to complete the puzzle work.
Allow the parties to think infinitely about any possibility.
Principle of use: step by step guidance, not forced imagination.
Pay attention to the discussion of signs of change.
Pay attention to the discussion of specific details.
Example of miracle investigation
Now, I want to ask you a strange question. If you sleep at night, the whole room is quiet and a miracle happens. The miracle is that the problem that forced you to come here has been solved. However, you fell asleep, so you didn't realize that the miracle had happened. So, when you woke up the next morning, what changes made you think it was a miracle and the problem was solved?
Miracle investigation
Speak slowly and politely in a gentle tone, giving the questioner time to shift from paying attention to the problem to paying attention to the method.
By introducing unusual or unique miracle questions, the beginning of the process is clearly and dramatically constructed.
Frequent use of pauses.
In the words of facing the future: what difference will it make? What is the sign of a miracle?
In conversation, you often repeat "a miracle happened and the problem you brought was solved", so as to strengthen the transformation to solution-oriented conversation.
5. Proportional query
Definition: Using the 10 scoring system, the parties are invited to evaluate and explain the full mark meaning and current position of a specific dimension.
Role: treat change as a series of small goals, not an all-or-nothing solution.
Make the description concrete and behavioral.
As an indicator of progress, increase the ability of self-monitoring and learn more about your work and life.
All dimensions (status quo, crisis, willingness, confidence, possibility) can be evaluated.
Scaling problem
"If the score is 1 to 10, 1 means that there is no change at all, and 10 means that you have achieved your goal. What do you think of your change now? How did you do it? "
Use case
Assess the current situation and expectations of relevant parties.
Assess the progress and changes of all parties concerned.
Evaluate customers' motivation or confidence.
Application of scale inquiry method in consultation
Low altitude
———————
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. Today, I am in _ _ _ _ because I did the following things:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Before the next tutorial, I want to grade in _ _ _ _ _. I will reach this score after completing the following steps:
____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Exceptions
Definition: Ask the parties who have no past problems or successful experiences about their exceptional experiences and their details. When did the problem not happen? When is it not so serious? When it is successfully processed. )
Function: The previous method is easier to realize, so start over.
Increase self-esteem and reduce the feeling of being defeated by problems.
Improve confidence in solving problems
Do more right than wrong.
Use exceptions to make small changes.
Observe the students' performance and affirm it.
Dear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I have been observing your class this week. I'm glad to tell you that I saw you do some great things yourself. As your teacher (classmate), I am very proud.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ __
When you can continue such excellent performance, I think you will have a bright future, because: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
Signature:
Use example sentences
Find extraordinary experiences
What courses are there in school that you can tolerate more?
When do you quarrel less when you get along with your girlfriend?
Explore the details
You said you could tolerate psychology. Think about it. What is the difference between this course and other courses, which makes you more tolerant?
When you first fell in love, you quarreled with her less. What was the difference between your life then and now? What is the difference in the way of interaction?
Confirm the roles of all parties.
When the teacher is not too wordy, what is the difference between your attitude towards this teacher and that towards other teachers?
I was more patient when I first fell in love. Can you tell me more? When you are more patient, what are the differences between the way you communicate with your girlfriend?
7. Relationship issues
Definition: Relationship inquiry is to understand the views of others (family, friends, teachers, etc.). People who have an important relationship with the questioner on the question of changing the questioner.
Role: Focus solution emphasizes the importance of social relations in consultation. Only in the interactive social context can people discover the fact of their existence.
Through relationship inquiry, visitors can see the changes brought about by their own changes from the perspective of others, and can further clarify what they want to achieve through consultation.
8. Reconstruction
Definition: develop different viewpoints to explain experiences or events, so that individuals have different experiences, and then affect their subsequent behavior.
Function: positively reinterpret and give new meaning.
Although (negative)/but (positive)
See from (negative events) that you care/value (small goals)
Principles of reconstruction
Understand personal construction first, and then talk about reconstruction.
Respect personal construction and add new ideas.
Don't cling to the positive side.
9. Coping with problems
No one will do nothing in front of the problem. Generally, a lot of efforts have been made before consultation, but the final results are not very satisfactory. As consultants, we need to find effective countermeasures in these existing efforts. These effects may not be great, but Focus Solutions believes that small changes bring big breakthroughs.
You can answer the question in the following ways:
What did you do when you faced this difficulty?
What have you done before to change this situation?
Faced with this situation, many people may choose to give up. How did you stick to it?
worship
Positive feedback:
SFBT believes that support and encouragement can support tourists to go further and further.
Positive feedback includes:
Praise: The counselor told the visitor directly that he saw the positive aspects of the visitor.
Enlightening guidance: express it in excited and joyful tone, action, expression or language, so as to send out the information of support and encouragement from the counselor.
10, awesome
Definition: everyone has advantages and strengths, and has goodwill, willingness and action to work hard for personal problems; We see the positive characteristics, willingness and actions of others, and are willing to express the facts we have observed.
Role: Identify what is important to the customer.
Affirm the success of both sides and the strength contained in these successes.
Has an amazing dramatic effect.
Praise the feedback from all parties and promote the action of accepting change.
Appreciation can highlight and strengthen the advantages and resources of the parties.
Appreciation is often a powerful but direct response to the painful feeling caused by not being appreciated.
Praise: direct praise, indirect praise and self-praise.
Praise principles: hierarchy, standardization, non-evaluation, sufficiency, priority, immediacy and non-expectation.
Indirect praise
If (who) knows now/then/in the future, what will he do (react positively)?
Proud of you, praise, praise, appreciate, praise.
Praise, like respect, imitate learning and value worship
-expanding and consolidating advantages.
-Relationship query
Affirmation/goal
Self-praise
objective fact
Positive adjectives
How did you do that?
How could you ...
-Establish a cooperative relationship
-suggestibility (empowerment)
-Consciousness-Do more-Change the status quo
The principle of praise
absolute
Compared with the parties themselves
Praise with concrete facts
Praise based on deep understanding
Honest and firm
experience
Describe a compliment you received when you were growing up. What effect did this compliment have on your life?
Discuss the positive influence of praise on a person.
1 1, layout work
The real change begins after the consultation, so it is an important link to give the consultant homework at the end of each consultation to urge the consultant to take action and trigger the change. Homework is usually arranged after a consultation break. During the break, the consultant can think about what kind of homework the inquirer is suitable for. Of course, the homework needs to be worked out in consultation with the inquirer. For example, a counselor can ask, "What do you think you will do to promote your transformation towards your goals after returning to China through counseling?" . You can also assign some specific tasks.
Homework: Reference Principles
stand good
Stop invalid
If you don't know anything, do something different.
Learn to observe
examine/search one's conscience/heart
Invariance is also a choice.
Example of action plan 1
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Action Plan
I. Specific objectives:
Second, the time to achieve the goal.
Third, the specific steps
Focus solution
Fourth, the evaluation time and method:
Contractor: Date: Witness:
Example 2 of Action Plan
I, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in order to achieve my goal, and promise to do the following steps:
1._________________________________________
2._________________________________________
3._________________________________________
4._________________________________________
5._________________________________________
6._________________________________________
(4) The more specific, the better
The most specific goal: the behavior they can do, the inner dialogue they can think of.
Exodus: I want to listen to what my daughter said to me better.
Please tell me in detail what you would do if you listened to your daughter.
Or consultation: what can I do to make my daughter notice that you are willing to listen to her?
(5) Start with small steps
Small steps: change is within the control of visitors, and visitors can strive to achieve their goals.
Common consulting questions are:
"What's the first sign you can see when things get better?"
"When things get better, what do you think is the first change you can make?"
Note: Some visitors have high expectations for changing the status quo through consultation. This way of asking questions can help visitors form reasonable goals. (6) Use the visitor's language
The counselor should make sure that the goal of counseling is what the visitor wants to achieve, not what the counselor thinks is good for the visitor.
4. Hypothetical solution architecture
Concept: Let the visitor imagine that his problem has been solved.
Function: 1) can broaden visitors' horizons and make them find clues to solve problems from the cognition that "problems cannot be solved".
2) It can cause visitors to imagine problems and scenarios that no longer exist, and then create unexpected solutions.
Usage: 1) It is difficult for visitors to form a positive goal or the goal is unclear;
2) When visitors can't think of "exceptions".
Objective: To create an unexpected solution by arousing visitors to imagine the situation when the problem no longer exists.
Basic skills of short-term consultation focusing on solving problems
1. Changes before consultation
2. Normalization
3, goal setting (goal setting)
4. Miracle problem
5. Scaling problem
6. Exceptions
7. Relationship issues
8. Reconstruction
9. Coping with problems
10, awesome
1 1, layout work
12, ear query
1. Changes before consultation
Definition: The changes made by the questioner before the telephone appointment and the first formal meeting.
Function: Take stock of the questioner's coping methods and effects.
Turn the caller's attention to their own need to find a solution.
For a client who decided to seek the help of a counselor instead of completing his suicide plan, the change before consultation is the key to the reason.
Step 2 normalize
Definition: give a normalized response to the specific emotional reactions or ideas of the parties.
Function: change the view of the problem
Reduce negative emotions
Planner: Date: Witness:
12, ear query
E (inspiration) inspiration: guide the caller to tell what good changes have taken place recently?
A (amplification) amplification: describe the change in detail. First, let the caller state the change. Then, tell what is the difference between change and problem, and further explore how this change happened, especially the role of the caller in the change.
R (reinforcement) reinforcement: praise the seeker's courage and strength in change.
S (Start all over again) Ask again: Ask further if there are any other good changes.
feedback
Constructing information: praise and suggestions
Praise changes that help solve problems.
It is suggested to observe or do something that can solve the problem better.
SFBT process
Find a positive motivation for the conversation.
Goal setting
An exception, a miracle
In what way did you try to solve this problem in the past? Is it effective? Why?
What are the practical actions?
The first small step?
feedback
trace
Focus dialogue 12 step exercise
Share one of your difficulties. What are your thoughts and feelings? What do you expect to improve?
What makes you pay so much attention to this matter?
What efforts have you made? How can you make such an effort? If we don't do this, what difference will it make?
Think about it, what have you done to keep this difficulty from getting worse? How did you do that?
How did you overcome similar difficulties in your past life?
So what do you think it is now? How did you try to get these points?
If you can get another point, how will you be different from what you are now?
If you really want to score another point, what do you think you can do?
From your story, I admire you …, I see that … is very important to you, and I see that you have done …
Would it help if you did it again?
The first small step for you to change is ...
We'll talk about it next time.