1 preface
Before the self-examination and joint examination of drawings, the engineering professional technicians of the project department of the construction unit should be familiar with the engineering drawings of various professions quickly under the responsible organization of the relevant personnel of the project management department, so as to lay a solid foundation for the self-examination and joint examination of drawings.
2 familiar with the requirements of construction drawings
2. 1 Be familiar with the functions and general situation of drawings.
Understand what the function of this proposed project is and what special requirements this project has by browsing the construction drawings. Knowing what the basic design data is, whether it is consistent with what the construction party knows, and knowing the general layout of construction at the same time is also convenient for compiling detailed construction organization design.
2.2 Plane dimensions in building construction drawings
There are three plane dimensions * * *, the first detail dimension, the second axis dimension and the third overall dimension. Check whether the three dimensions are consistent, paying special attention to the edge dimension of the third dimension. Because the sum of the three dimensions is the total axis size (but there is no side axis external wall thickness size), check whether the side axis is eccentric, and then compare and check whether the number, wall thickness and size of axes in architectural drawings, structural drawings and hydropower drawings are consistent. Check whether the next floor is consistent with the upper floor in the floor plan, and check whether the dimensions of each floor can meet the needs of the house.
2.3 Be familiar with and review the elevation dimensions of this project.
Pay attention to whether the dimensions of architectural drawing, structural drawing, hydropower drawing and three drawings are consistent during inspection. Check whether the clear height of the beam bottom of the stairwell can reach 2.2m, whether the stair platform meets the specification requirements, whether the indoor stair platform, corridor, balcony, bathroom and kitchen are below 2cm, whether there are measures to prevent water from overflowing, and whether the building height meets the functional requirements.
2.4 Check and be familiar with the error-prone places in the construction drawing.
(1) Whether the position of embedded parts is marked.
(2) Calculate the total height and total length of stair steps, and whether they are consistent with the size of stairs.
(3) Check whether the first starting height of stair step in stairwell is replaced by the height of stair beam.
(4) Check whether the reinforcement of beams and steel bars in the plane is fully displayed in the beam table.
(5) Check whether the height of the main beam is lower than that of the secondary beam.
(6) Check the total length of the building, and check whether there are expansion joints and settlement joints for those exceeding 50m.
(7) Check whether there are detailed construction drawings for some special parts, such as immersion treatment.
(8) When the beam and shear wall are arranged on the same straight line, check whether the width of the wall exceeds the thickness of the beam.
(9) When the spans of beams, slabs and columns are the same or similar, the reinforcement is quite different.
(10) When the beam is supported on the shear wall and column respectively, check whether the center line of the beam is parallel or coincident with the axis, and check whether the width of the beam protrudes from the wall or column. If yes, it shall be submitted for design treatment.
(1 1) Check whether the minimum spacing of reinforced bars in the beam meets the requirements of the construction acceptance specification. Talking about the Common Problems of Construction Drawings in Construction Preparation: Xu Xiaoshan and Li Rongjian (chongqing vocational institute of engineering)
(12) Check whether there is an awning on the door of the indoor balcony, and check whether the center of the awning on the structural plane coincides with the center line of the door on the construction drawing.
(13) Check whether there is any contradiction between the structural description and the structural plane, detailed drawing, content and construction description in the beam-column table.
(14) The single foundation is stressed in both directions, and the reinforcement along the short side is generally placed on the reinforcement along the long side. Check whether the reinforcement in the foundation details of the construction drawing is wrongly drawn.
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Three common steps of engineering drawing
3. 1 Familiar with the construction drawing
(1) is an integral part of the construction drawing. The first step to understand the structural construction drawing is to understand the architectural construction drawing. As the technical personnel of the construction party, we must carefully and rigorously sort out the architectural drawings. If they don't understand, they need to consult other majors involved in architecture and architectural drawing, so that they can absolutely understand the design concept and intention of architecture.
(2) Drawing catalogue and door and window table. From this, we can know the number of drawings, drawing size and engineering number, as well as the main functions of building units and the whole building. If there is any discrepancy between the drawing catalogue and the actual drawings, you must check the situation with the building.
(3) Overview of architectural design. The general instructions of architectural design are very important for understanding the whole set of engineering drawings, because the general instructions of architectural design will mention many data to be used in structural construction drawings, such as walls, floors, floors and so on.
(4) Building plan. As the technical personnel of the construction party, while looking at the floor plan, we need to consider whether the column network layout of the building is reasonable. Pay attention to the roof plan. Usually, the facade effect of modern buildings has a layered framework, which is usually very complicated. We should carefully understand the concept of architecture, consult the architecture or ask for the renderings when necessary, and strive to make ourselves understand what the three-dimensional composition of the whole frame looks like to avoid mistakes. In addition, you need to know whether the elevation is a structural slope or a building slope.
(5) Building elevation. The building facade is a description of the building facade, mainly the appearance effect. The information provided to the architect is mainly the facade layout, the facade layout of doors and windows, the decorative materials of the facade and the concave-convex changes. Usually, where there are cables, there are surface changes, and then there are information such as floor height.
(6) General situation of architecture. The function of building section is to cut the parts that cannot be clearly expressed in plan and elevation to express the architect's treatment of the interior of the building. Construction technicians can obtain more accurate height information and local height changes in the profile. Profile information directly determines the sinking or lifting of beams relative to floor elevation, or staggered beams, sandwich beams, short columns, etc. At the same time, there is a clear concept whether the frame beam acts as a lintel or needs to be set up separately.
(7) Details of nodes and doors and windows. In order to express the practice of each part of the building more clearly and let the architect understand his design intention, the architect needs to draw detailed drawings of complex nodes to explain the detailed practice. They should not only know the architect's ideas in detail through the node diagram, but also analyze whether the node drawing method is reasonable and can be realized in the structure.
(8) Details of stairs. Stair is an indispensable part of every multi-storey building, and it is also a very important part. Stair details are divided into stair floor plan and stair outline. Construction workers also need to carefully analyze the composition of each part of the stairs, whether it can form a whole. When looking at the stair details, we should also consider the thickness of ladder beam, ladder plate and stair structure.
In several years of interior design work, it is found that some beginners know nothing about the depth of drawings in different design stages. Because of the poor drawing foundation, they are not clear about the concepts of drawing scale, icon, elevation, line type, size, material labeling and projection principle, and cannot complete correct and accurate construction drawings. The reason is that they have no in-depth understanding of indoor space, ergonomics, decorative materials, decorative structures, etc., and little understanding of drawing standards, norms and construction techniques of decorative construction drawings. Incomplete and meticulous construction drawings, insufficient depth of drawings, imperfect proofreading and examination and approval processes, and lack of attention have a great impact on the quality of drawings. The level of drawings is uneven, and the depth and accuracy of drawings can not reach the fundamental role of guiding construction, which leads to disorderly construction, increased costs and easy disputes. In recent years, science and technology have been continuously improved, technology has been constantly updated, trends have been constantly changing, and new materials have been continuously introduced. In the teaching of interior design, we should teach decorative construction drawings in an easy-to-understand way. Designers can only design good works by constantly practicing in the construction site, collecting data, reflecting on their own design, strengthening their study and rapidly improving their design level. 3.2 Familiar with structural construction drawing
Structural construction drawing is an engineering drawing about the layout, materials, shape, size and internal structure of load-bearing members, and it is the basis for the construction of load-bearing members and other stress-bearing members. The most ugly thing in the structural construction drawing is the steel bar. To understand the construction drawing, we must know the distribution of steel bars. Now use the flat method to mark steel bars, so we should understand the flat method. In the process of reading and familiarizing with the construction drawings, it is necessary to fully combine the atlas series expressed by the flat method of steel bars to make it clear that:
A. Varieties and specifications of steel bars in each component, as well as arrangement of stressed steel bars in each component.
B the position relationship between stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement.
C Angle and length of longitudinal reinforcement and stirrup hook of each component.
D. be familiar with the anchorage length of steel bars at nodes of each component.
E familiar with the connection mode of steel bars of each component.
F. Be familiar with the reinforcement lap length in the reinforcement lap area.
G, check whether the rebar spacing meets the construction requirements, especially the rebar spacing at the nodes of various components.
H bending angle of bending steel bar and distance from connection point.
In addition, for reinforced concrete members, you should also be familiar with the thickness of concrete cover, the size and layout of each member. Special attention should be paid to the reading of construction drawings, which should be fully combined with them.
4 conclusion
In the process of familiarizing with the construction drawings, the construction technicians should record the problems and good suggestions in the construction drawings, and prepare for the follow-up work (self-examination and joint examination of drawings).
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