After the scenery is clear, Yunshan is in sight.
Flowers bloom like the old days, and new smoke comes from thousands of wells.
There is no clearing in the grass, and the river flows to the sky.
Where is Chang 'an? Point to the sunset.
Translation and annotation
1, above (pn): small wall on the city.
2. Where is it? Whole Poetry School: Where are the works?
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Liu Changqing (709~786) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Xuancheng (now Anhui) people. He was good at five-character poems, and he was a scholar in Tianbao period of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (65438+ October 742 ~ July 756). During the period of Zhide (July 756 ~ February 758), he served as a captain of Yushi and Changzhou County, and was demoted to Lingnan Ba, and then returned to Jiangsu and Zhejiang to live. Later, Tang Daizong appointed him as a transfer judge. After learning about the transshipment of Huaixi and Hubei and Henan, he was falsely demoted as Sima of Zhou Mu. His life was bumpy, and there were some sentimental works, but it also reflected the desolate scene of the Central Plains after the Anshi Rebellion.
Taicheng
The rain is falling, the grass is falling, and the birds of the Six Dynasties are singing.
Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, but it is still a smoke cage.
To annotate ...
1. Taicheng: The former site is next to Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing, and it was a place for emperors to enjoy themselves during the Six Dynasties.
2. During the Southern Dynasties, Chen Houzhu built three tall buildings in Taicheng, namely Qi Jie, Lin Chun and Wang Xian, for amusement, and wrote "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu", which contains the sentence "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu, bloom won't last long".
The Six Dynasties refer to Wu Dong, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties.
translate
"The rain is under the river, and the grass is blooming by the river": In late spring and March, the spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River is dense. In the drizzle, the river is lush, foggy and covered with smoke cages, which is like a dream and can't help but make people think.
"Six Dynasties are like dreams, birds are singing in the air": lush trees, long grass and flying warblers show the vitality of nature everywhere. In the cheerful and euphemistic singing of birds, the poet remembered the rulers of the Six Dynasties who had been pursuing pleasure in Taicheng. They had already been passers-by in history, and the luxurious and magnificent Taicheng became a historical relic that people paid tribute to.
"The most heartless thing is the willow in Taicheng": The most heartless thing is the willow in Taicheng, no matter the rise and fall of personnel and the change of dynasties, or the sadness and dismay brought by the poet's mourning for historical sites.
"Still Smoke Cage Ten Mile Dike": (Lush willow) still floats with the wind along the smoky Ten Mile Dike, which still gives people a bustling feeling and reminds people of the bustling scene of that year.
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This is a poem mourning the monuments of the Six Dynasties. Taicheng, formerly known as the southern foot of Jiming Mountain in Nanjing, was originally the back garden city of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period and was rebuilt when the Eastern Jin Dynasty proclaimed itself emperor. From the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the end of the Southern Dynasty, it was always the seat of the imperial court, Taiwan Province (the central government) and the imperial palace. It was not only the political center, but also the place where emperors enjoyed themselves. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Taicheng in the past was "thousands of families became weeds"; By the end of the Tang Dynasty, it was even more desolate.
Hanging ancient poems is more touching, borrowing scenery to give gifts, and writing is more empty. This poem is more ethereal than similar works. From beginning to end, it uses the method of side contrast to deliberately create a dreamy emotional atmosphere, so that readers can experience the author's feelings through this vague emotional curtain. This is a noteworthy feature.
The first sentence does not depict Taicheng positively, but deliberately exaggerates the atmosphere. Jinling is close to the river, so it is called "Jiangyu" and "Cao Jiang". The spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River is dense and thin. In the drizzle, it looks foggy, like a smoke cage, giving people a dreamlike feeling. In late spring and March, the grass grows and warblers fly in the south of the Yangtze River, showing the vitality of nature. This kind of scenery not only has the unique femininity of Jiangnan scenery, but also easily evokes confusion. This is to prepare for the next lyric.
"The Six Dynasties were like dreams, and birds sang in the air". From the first sentence describing the misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River to the second sentence, the dream of the Six Dynasties has a great leap, which seems different at first glance. In fact, there is not only the atmosphere of "rain in the rain" to ridicule the word "dream", but also a desolate and dilapidated Taicheng hidden between the rain and the lush green grass. Birds are singing, the grass is green, and spring is always there. However, the rulers of the Six Dynasties who once pursued pleasure in Taicheng have long been passers-by, and the luxurious and magnificent Taicheng has also become a historical relic that people mourn. During the short period of more than 300 years from Chen Dynasty, the Six Dynasties declined one after another, and changed rapidly, like a dream. Coupled with the contrast between nature and personnel, it deepened the feeling of "the Six Dynasties were like a dream". "Six generations of Taiwanese cities compete for greatness", but all this has disappeared, and only birds who don't understand vicissitudes of life and historical rise and fall are singing happily. The "emptiness" of "birdsong in the air", that is, the "emptiness" of "birds chirping happily under the leaves" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), further sets off the word "dream" from people's special feelings about birdsong, which is very profound.
"Ruthlessness is a willow in Taicheng, and it is still a smoke cage." Willow is a symbol of spring. Willow swaying in the spring breeze always gives people a feeling of prosperity, which reminds people of the prosperous situation. At that time, ten miles of long dikes and willow piles of smoke were once embellishments of the bustling scene of Taicheng; Today, Taicheng has become a "weed", and the willow color of Taicheng is still a smoke cage. This bustling natural scenery is in stark contrast to the desolate and dilapidated historical sites, the long beach smoke willow and the luxury of the Six Dynasties. How shocking it is for a poet who is in the last days and worried about the country and the people! However, Taicheng Liu Di is "heartless", whether it is the rise and fall of the world or the ups and downs of the past and the present caused by poets facing the world. Saying that Liu is "heartless" tells people's infinite pain. The word "still" profoundly reflects the vicissitudes of history. It implies the disappearance of an era of corruption and the repetition of history. The pile of smoke on the dike willow is easy to trigger the emotions of the past, and it is often used as a reference to express ups and downs in poetry, so the poet's emotions caused by the dike willow are particularly strong. "Ruthless" and "still" run through the whole article, including Bao Jiangyu, Cao Jiang, Songbird and Diliu; The word "most" highlights Liu Di's ruthlessness and the poet's sorrow.
Looking back on the past of the Six Dynasties, the poet can't help looking back on the past and present. When writing this poem, the foreboding of national subjugation haunted the poet's mind. If Li Yi's Bianhe Qu also contains strong feelings of "pedestrians don't look at the long embankment, and the wind blows flowers and worries about killing people", then this article reveals deep sadness in a dreamlike atmosphere, which is a reflection of the inevitable collapse of the Tang Dynasty and the recurrence of the tragedies of the Six Dynasties in ancient poems.
This poem implies the vicissitudes of the world with the "stillness" of natural scenery, counteracts human suffering with the "ruthlessness" of things, and implies the meaning of hurting the present in historical emotions. Although it is inevitable that thoughts and feelings are somewhat negative, this artistic expression of virtual reality can still be used for reference.
Unique in Taiwan Province.
Zhang Kun went to Taiwan Province alone.
Border soldiers return to spring, and Taiwan Province is alone.
During the day, the ground comes out and the Yellow River comes from the outside.
The sand is like waves, and the wind is suspicious.
If you want to go to Yin Guan, Yin won't open.
Translation and annotation
1, Shan Yutai: West of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is said that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty led an army to board this station.
2. Yinshan Pass: the pass in the yinshan mountains. Yinshan Mountain is a barrier against sentence slavery in Han Dynasty, which runs through today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, starting from Hetao in the west and reaching Inner Hinggan Mountains in the east.
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Zhang Kun traveled to the Great Wall in his early years and wrote many frontier poems. Shan Yu Station in the west of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is said to have led troops to this station. This poem describing the frontier fortress scenery is simple and broad-minded. Although it was written by a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, it flourished in the Tang Dynasty.
The first couplet is the general leader of the whole poem. Chunzi and Juezi, seemingly unintentional, are actually very focused. When the soldiers came back in spring, the border was calm and there was nothing to do, but there was a feeling of avoiding going to the stage to see things; Although it is spring, there is no spring scenery below, which shows the desolation beyond the Great Wall. Standing alone on the high platform, meditating and paying attention to it highlights the poet's detached and independent image.
During the day, the ground comes out and the Yellow River comes from the outside. A round of daylight, jumping out of the ground, writing its dynamics; The Yellow River, thousands of miles away, flies from the sky and writes its timeless image; The contrast between the daytime and the Yellow River gives people a magnificent and colorful feeling in the vastness. The sky comes from the ground instead of the top of the mountain, and the Yellow River comes from outer space instead of the sky. Everything falls below the obvious horizon because it is on the high platform.
Necklace continues to write scenery. Two metaphors firmly grasp the commanding characteristics: high, so the wind is urgent, so the wind is like thunder and soul-stirring; When I came down, I saw the sand marks, and I saw the sand as vivid as waves. Don't say thunder but doubt, and write the poet's surprise pattern of distinguishing the wind vividly. During the day, the Yellow River, sand waves and wind, from far and near, from bottom to top, form a three-dimensional picture of color, dynamics and sound, making the frontier scenery broad and magnificent. Especially during the day, the Yellow River is connected with the outside world, with simple sentences and vast boundaries. Learning from the Tang Dynasty can open up a new realm, which is appreciated by later generations.
The poets in the Tail Couplet looked at Yinshan Mountain from Khan Taipei, which was a natural disaster to defend the Huns in the Han Dynasty. The poet wanted to see the Yinshan Mountain, but he saw the rolling Yinshan Mountain, which was as majestic as iron. Although it is already dawn, the portal is closed and impassable.
The poet clearly saw the insurmountable obstacle across the road ahead, so he sang generously and turned into a voice of frustration and helplessness. In the late Tang Dynasty, even if poetry sings magnificent scenery beyond the Great Wall, it is rare to have the vitality of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Dengxianglu Ding Feng
Bai Juyi Deng Lu Xiang Ding Feng
I have eyes and ears all the way to censer peak. Holding things all the year round, today is the day to go.
Climbing a dangerous rock makes it difficult to pitch your hands and feet. There are three or four people traveling together, and two people dare not go on.
I feel dizzy when I get to the top of the mountain. The height is endless, and the width is countless.
The audio-visual world is not poor, how can we know the universe? The river is as thin as a rope, and the city is smaller than the palm.
I can't get rid of the dust martingale. Go back and think about yourself, and bend your head into the ant soil.