Xishuang Dai language in Xishuangbanna means twelve, and Xishuangbanna is twelve Banna: Banna Jinghong, Banna Mengyang, Banna Menglong, Banna, Banna Menghai, Banna Menghun, Banna Mengga, Banna Mengzhe, Banna Naxi Ding, Banna Mengla, Banna Yi Wu. Xishuangbanna was the fourth year of Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty (1570), and Xuanweisi (the local chief) divided the jurisdiction into twelve Banna (in Dai language, "Twelve", "Xishuangbanna" and "Banna" mean 1,000 mu, that is, one Banna and one tax-collecting unit). Since then, A Dai has the name of "Xishuangbanna".
Xishuangbanna is located in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in the south of Yunnan, with latitude 21.08 ′ ~ 22.36 ′ north and longitude 99.56 ′ ~10/.50 ′ east. It belongs to the tropical humid area south of the Tropic of Cancer. Due to the large incident angle, the lowest altitude angle from winter solstice is 45. This area is rich in heat and warm all year round. It has the characteristics of "no winter in summer and no rain in autumn". A year is divided into two seasons, namely rainy season and dry season; The rainy season lasts for five months (late May-late June 10) and the dry season lasts for seven months (late June 10- late May of the following year). Rainfall in rainy season accounts for more than 80% of the annual precipitation. This area is rich in heat, warm all year round and evergreen all year round. Because it is close to the ocean, controlled by the southwest monsoon of the Indian Ocean and influenced by the southeast monsoon of the Pacific Ocean, it is humid and rainy all the year round, so the forest is dense and there are many plants. Therefore, Xishuangbanna is called "the kingdom of plants". On October 8th, 2003/kloc-0, UNESCO officially accepted Xishuangbanna as a national nature reserve and an international biosphere reserve.0000000006 At first glance, we will find that almost all other areas in Xishuangbanna at the same latitude are barren deserts or Gobi, but the land of 20,000 square kilometers here is like a jade inlaid in a crown, which is particularly dazzling. In this rich land, there are 1/4 animals and 1/6 plants, which are veritable "animal kingdom" and "plant kingdom".
Scenic spots include Jinghong City Scenic Area, Menghai County Scenic Area and Mengla County Scenic Area. Each block has several scenic spots, including 19 scenic spots and more than 800 scenic spots, with a total area of 1202.53 square kilometers. There are many kinds of animal and plant resources in this area, which is called "Tropical Animal Kingdom". Among them, many rare, ancient, exotic and endangered animals and plants are unique to Xishuangbanna, which has aroused great interest from tourists and researchers at home and abroad. The landscape is dominated by rich and charming tropical and subtropical rainforests, monsoon forest, valley rainforests, rare animals and colorful national cultures and customs. This area has a unique landscape and high popularity, passing through the State Council.
Xishuangbanna Tower Group
198210/kloc-0 was approved as the first batch of national key scenic spots on October 8th.
Xishuangbanna has a total area of 19582.45 square kilometers and a population of10 million. It has jurisdiction over Jinghong City, Menghai County and Mengla County. There are more than ten ethnic groups living here, including Dai, Hani, Bulang, Jino, Lahu, Wa and Yao, including more than 500,000 Dai, 250,000 Han and 250,000 other ethnic groups. Bordering Laos and Myanmar, the border line is 1069 km long. Traffic Xishuangbanna is about 700 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital, and it can be reached in two days or one day and night (9 hours) by car. Banna Airport can take off and land Boeing 737 and Airbus 3 19 aircraft. There are direct flights from Kunming to Xishuangbanna every day, and the flight time in the air is about 50 minutes (cost: all tickets to 780 yuan/seat). In addition, there are direct flights to Xishuangbanna from Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Chongqing and Bangkok. Domestic expressway extends in all directions, which is very convenient.
aviation
Xishuangbanna Gasa International Airport Xishuangbanna Jinghong Airport is the second largest airport in the province after Kunming, 5 kilometers away from Jinghong city. Since the opening of 1990 airport, domestic flights have been opened to major cities such as Dali, Lijiang, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, Tianjin, Chengdu and Chongqing. 1996 opens international flights in Bangkok. Kunming to Xishuangbanna and Lijiang to Xishuangbanna have all opened airports.
highway
On April 6th, 2006, Kunming was opened to expressway, Xishuangbanna, with a mileage of 550 kilometers, which can be reached in 9 hours at most. Tickets can be bought at Kunming bus terminal next to Kunming Railway Station. There are more than 20 sleeper buses and regular buses going to Jinghong every day, which takes 24 hours by car. The fare is about11150 yuan, and it will increase during Spring Festival travel rush.
channel
Jinghong Port in Xishuangbanna, a national first-class port, has the Lancang River waterway. Jinghong Port is a national first-class water port, which consists of Jinghong, Olive Dam and Guanlei. Jinghong Port is a water transport port, which has opened international water transport routes from Jinghong to Chiang Mai, Myanmar and Vientiane, Laos.
Take the bus to Menglun and Mengla at Jinghong Bus Terminal and get off at Menglun. Travel time is about 1 hour. From Kunming and Simao, you can take the bus heading for Mengla and get off at Xiaomenglun Town. It takes 10 minutes to walk from Menglun Bus Terminal to the suspension bridge, and 20 minutes to the scenic spot after buying the ticket.
The name comes from the meaning of "Twelve" in the western Shuang Dai language. The meaning of "Double Banna" means twelve Banna: Banna Jinghong, Banna Mengyang, Banna Menglong, Banna Wang Meng, Banna Menghai, Banna Menghun, Banna Mengga, Banna Mengzhe, Banna Naxi Ding, Banna Mengla, Banna Meng Peng and Banna Yiwu. Xishuangbanna was the fourth year of Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty (1570), and Xuanweisi (the local chief) divided the jurisdiction into twelve Banna (in Dai language, "Twelve", "Xishuangbanna" and "Banna" mean 1,000 mu, that is, one Banna and one tax-collecting unit). Since then, A Dai has the name of "Xishuangbanna". Xishuangbanna, a resource, is known as the kingdom of animals and plants. Xishuangbanna is one of the first 44 key scenic spots in China, with more than 3 million mu of nature reserves, of which 700,000 mu is well-protected virgin forest, accounting for nearly 60% of the total area of the state. It is famous for its beauty and richness.
There are more than 20,000 species of plants in Xishuangbanna, including more than 5,000 tropical plants, more than 0,000 edible plants, more than 50 wild fruits and more than 40 fast-growing precious timber trees. Many plants are precious wood or have special uses, such as anti-cancer drugs Maytenus and garlands; Luofumu for treating hypertension; Betel nut of stomach worm; Minnan seed oil is a special lubricating oil for tanks, automobile engines and oil drilling in cold areas, and it has double-effect additives of increasing viscosity and reducing pour point. Tung oil can replace diesel oil; Ylang ylang is known as the "king of flowers" and can be made into high-grade spices; There are 1700 years old ancient tea trees; There are natural "kettles" and "umbrellas"; Grass that can listen to music and dance, grass that can eat mosquitoes, and arrow poison wood that can seal the throat with blood ...
The vast and dense forests provide an ideal habitat for all kinds of wild animals. At present, there are 429 species of birds, accounting for 2/3 of the total number of birds in China and 67 species of mammals, accounting for 16% of the total number of mammals in China. There are many kinds of birds and animals in Xishuangbanna, which are incomparable to other places in China. Among them, Asian elephants, vultures, Indochina tigers and leopards are listed as world-class protected animals. Bison, antelope, lazy monkey and other national first-class protected animals 13 species, there are many second-and third-class protected animals.
As a "flagship species", Asian elephants are of great significance to the ecological environment. 1977, China declared the Asian elephant an endangered species, and established a wild elephant nature reserve in Xishuangbanna. Now the living environment of Asian elephants has been obviously improved. Its number has also increased from more than 80 in the 1980s to about 300 now. Asian elephants in China are mainly distributed in Xishuangbanna, and a few are distributed in nearby Simao area.
Xishuangbanna is also rich in rubber, the second largest rubber area in China, with the highest rubber yield per unit area. Besides, it is rich in rice, various tropical fruits and Amomum villosum, which is a veritable "plant kingdom", "animal kingdom", "green kingdom" and "southern medicine kingdom".
When you travel to Banna, sometimes you will see beautiful peacocks, pheasants and hornbills dancing in the forest; Sometimes you will see elephants walking on the road; Sometimes I see antelopes, wild deer and rabbits running ... I am really happy to see that scene, which is a spectacle and fun unimaginable in other places! Xishuangbanna has a tropical monsoon climate with abundant sunshine and rainfall. A year can be divided into dry season and rainy season, with an average annual temperature of 265,438 0℃. The dry season is 1 1 to April of the following year, and the wet season is from May to 10. There is no frost and snow all year round. Annual foggy days reach 108— 146 days. The extreme maximum temperature in Jinghong area is 4 1. 1℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is 2.7℃, which is suitable for sightseeing all year round. Xishuangbanna is located in the tropical northern margin south of the Tropic of Cancer, with a tropical monsoon climate and a subtropical monsoon humid climate in the mountainous area. It is warm, sunny, rich in heat, humid and rainy all year round, with the characteristics of "long summer without winter, a rain becomes autumn". A year is divided into rainy season and dry season. The rainy season lasts for five months (late May-late June 10) and the dry season lasts for seven months (late June 10- late May of the following year). Rainfall in rainy season accounts for more than 80% of the annual rainfall. [Edit this paragraph] Cultural Dai people have a long history and have created splendid culture in their long life, especially Dai calendar, Dai language and colorful folk literature and art. As early as 1000 years ago, the ancestors of Dai people wrote many beautiful and touching myths and legends, fables, novels and poems. There are more than 550 long poems written in Dai language alone. Zhao Shutun, Nanmu Nannuo and Hulu Letter are his representative works, which have been adapted into movies and plays and are deeply loved by the masses. Dai dance has a high artistic level and distinctive national characteristics, and its movements are mostly the analogy and beautification of animal behaviors, such as the popular "peacock dance" and "Elephant Foot Drum Dance".
Dai music is very pleasant to listen to. Besides dancing, it is often combined with poetry. Sculpture and painting also have distinctive features. Dai people believe in Buddhism, and pagodas and Buddhist temples can be seen everywhere in Dai areas. Bamboo House, a folk house in A Dai, is the most typical existing dry-column building in China, with simple and unique shape and cool and comfortable residence. Dai men have the custom of tattooing, which shows courage and beauty and can also attract the love of the opposite sex.
Scenic spot
Famous scenic spots include: Jinghong, Manfeilong Pagoda, Lancang River, Mange Buddhist Temple, Manjinglan Tourism Village, Yilan Resort, Menglun Botanical Garden, Ethnic Garden, Wild Elephant Valley, Tropical Crops Research Institute, Dai Food, Dai Garden, Jinghong Primitive Forest Park, Hongqi Reservoir, Primitive Forest Park, Animal Wonders, Plant Wonders, Tropical Rainforest and Dai Water-splashing Festival.
elite colleges?
The well-known schools are: Yunnan Tropical Agricultural Engineering School (the former Yunnan Agricultural Reclamation Management School and the former Simao Tropical Crop Research School merged), which is a large-scale professional school for studying tropical cash crops in China.
Special catering
Dai cuisine enjoys a high reputation in Yunnan cuisine. The residents of Xishuangbanna are mainly Dai, and Dai cuisine is mainly glutinous rice, sour, barbecue and aquatic products, with wild cultivated plants as seasoning, which has a unique national flavor.
Among Banna cuisines, the most representative ones are "Mi Nan", Bulang cuisine, Hani cuisine, barbecue, moss, stewed fish with sour bamboo shoots (chicken), grilled fish with citronella, fragrant bamboo rice and fried bracken. Most of the names have never been heard by tourists, so it's worth a try.
The night market serves Banna cuisine. In addition to the above-mentioned special dishes, there are also various ethnic flavor foods that best suit the tastes of southerners, such as vanilla roast chicken, bamboo rice, roasted bamboo rat, steamed eggs with moss, cooked chicken with raw velvet, duck feet, bamboo worms, fried cowhide and fried pig skin. In the evening, visitors can enjoy the night view of Jinghong city while tasting delicious food. Colorful lights will make you linger. Local fragrant bamboo rice, eat a stall of bamboo rice, 2-5 yuan will be full.
If you dare to taste insects, you can consider an insect feast. Besides grasshoppers and scorpions, there are crawling bamboo worms and bee larvae. A meal takes about 120 yuan, which can be tasted by 8 people. Hundreds of years ago, Hinayana Buddhism was introduced into Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, and became the religion of the Dai people. Buddhist temple buildings can be seen everywhere here, almost every village has Buddhist temples, and some Buddhist temples have pagodas next to them. Buddhist temples and pagodas have become the center of Dai people's life and temples in their minds, and Buddhist architectural art has also become valuable cultural and artistic wealth of Dai people.
The architecture of Dai Buddhist Temple in Xishuangbanna is dominated by double eaves and sloping flat tiles. Buddhist temples are mostly square, facing east from east to west, and the roof slope consists of three floors. The nave is high, and the east and west sides are staggered in descending order. The roof adopts rectangular tiles, and the tail of the tiles is hooked on the flat bamboo rafters. The ridge between the main ridge of the roof and the eaves is smoothed with lime and decorated with various tiles. The tiles on the main ridge are flame-shaped, and most of the first ends of the ridge have the image of a phoenix, which is unique.
The open "Busu" on the west side of Manfeilong Pagoda (a Buddhist temple, a place where monks recite scriptures and discuss) is another style: in nave, a rectangular Buddhist temple with three double eaves, a hall with the same height, two eaves and one end slope is built, and two rooms with herringbone roofs are built on both sides. Where the above three parts are connected, the eaves are all connected into a whole and become an open monastery.
The gateway to the stupa is also unique. On one side of a double-eave herringbone roof, a roof is built at right angles and connected together to form a door pavilion. There are only pillars under the eaves, but no walls, extending in all directions for people to enter and leave. Although it is a replicated building, it shows the special architectural style of the Dai people because of its ingenious layout. From this, we can see the remarkable characteristics of Dai architecture. In other words, these buildings have no columns embedded in the wall.
Jingzhen Octagonal Pavilion (also known as Tang Jie), which is 0/4 km away from Menghai County/KLOC-0, has a unique and exquisite shape: the base is square with folded corners, and the pavilion is octagonal with brick and wood structure. The pavilion has 3 1 face and 32 corners, and each corner is covered with Burmese tiles. The eight pavilions are on the side of the building, shrinking from bottom to top, overlapping beautifully until the top, patchwork, precise structure and unique style. Because the pavilion was built in Jingzhen, it is called Jingzhen Octagonal Pavilion, which was built by the Dai people to commemorate Sakyamuni and imitate his golden hat "Kahanzhong". The octagonal pavilion was built in 170 1, with a history of more than 300 years. It is the central Buddhist temple in Jingzhen area. On the 5th and 30th of every month in the Dai calendar/kloc-0, the Buddhist monks in Jingzhen area gather in the pavilion to listen to the monks' lectures and discuss major religious activities, which is also the place for the monks to ascend to Buddhism.
Each Buddhist temple consists of three parts: the Buddha's seat, the monk's seat and the platform. Most of the statues of Sakyamuni on the base of the Buddha statue are sitting statues, and the Buddha's ears are grotesque, large and wide, shaped like "
Most pagodas are built next to or near Buddhist temples. The pagodas mainly include: Myanmar bell tower, pavilion tower, Taj Mahal tower and octagonal tower with dense eaves. These towers are basically made of bricks, painted with lime and paint, and most of them are solid. Manfeilong Pagoda in Jinghong City belongs to King Kong Pagoda in Thailand. This stupa has sprung up like mushrooms after rain, designed by three Indian Buddhist missionaries and built by Dai leaders. It was built in a.d. 1204, and it has been 800 years since then. The tower foundation is plum blossom-shaped, with a circumference of 42.6 meters. The main tower is 16.29 m high, and there are eight small towers around it, with a height of 9. 1 m and octagonal distribution. The tower is multi-layered gourd-shaped. There is a shrine in each small tower, and a mud phoenix is flying in the air. The whole tower is flawless and beautiful. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit and a tourist attraction. The best time to travel If you want to go to Xishuangbanna, you can do it anytime.
Xishuangbanna is one of the few places in Yunnan Province where there is no winter. 65438+ 10 in the coldest month, the average temperature here is 16℃, and in the hottest time, the average temperature is only 28℃. This temperature makes Xishuangbanna a place where it has never snowed before, and it is also a place where it has been basked for a long time. Xishuangbanna has only dry season and rainy season in a year, so there is a saying that "there is no winter in summer, and rain enters Qiu Lai".
165438+ 10 to April next year is the most suitable time to go to xishuangbanna tourism. During this period, the temperature is neither high nor cold. If you go to xishuangbanna tourism from June to September, you will have a chance to taste all the tropical fruits there, which is really great. May-June 5438+ 10 entered the rainy season, but the road conditions here are good, and it is still impossible to stop the arrival of the tourist season here. Characteristics of tourist areas: green, foggy, Dai folk customs, warm and harmonious, original ecology, which is qualitatively different from Southeast Asian countries and has a unique charm. Xishuangbanna is the only tropical rain forest nature reserve in China, with trees covering the sky, rare birds and animals everywhere, and exotic flowers and herbs everywhere. Xishuangbanna, which is very close to Thailand and Myanmar, is full of Buddhist customs, and stupa temples are in harmony with Dai bamboo houses and ancient bamboo trees, which is a sacred scene.
Dai water-splashing festival
Songkran Festival of Olive Dam in Xishuangbanna Dai people call it "drinking sangkan" or "sangkamai" in Dai language. Because there will be a warm and grand water splashing and blessing activity during the Chinese New Year, outsiders call it the Water Splashing Festival. The Dai New Year is different from June in the Gregorian calendar. The June Songkran Festival in Dai calendar usually falls in the middle of April in Gregorian calendar and lasts for three to five days.
observe a holiday
Venue: Xishuangbanna Dai settlement, playing the ancient city song "Naxi Jingdi".
Festival features: The Dai people in Xishuangbanna hold a warm and grand water splashing activity in the middle of April in the solar calendar every year, and water splashing is a must-have activity for the Dai people in the New Year.
Celebration method:
On this day, people will "go to the market" (get together for entertainment). People will wear new clothes, sing and dance, focus on catching up, flying high, rowing dragon boats, losing bags and celebrating festivals.
In the past, Dai people were mostly held in villages over the years, and the scale was not large. After the establishment of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, governments at all levels regard the Dai calendar year as an organized and leading activity to strengthen cultural exchanges among ethnic groups, display ethnic customs, attract investment and attract domestic and foreign tourists and merchants. Not only traditional activities such as splashing water, flying high, dragon boat racing, setting off fireworks, flying lanterns and building sand were carried out, but also cultural performances, commodity exhibitions and trade negotiations were added. Various parks also took advantage of their advantages to carry out cattle races. International friends, overseas Chinese, tourists and merchants from inside and outside the province flocked to celebrate festivals with the people of all ethnic groups in Xishuangbanna, appreciate the rich ethnic customs, appreciate the charming local scenery and carry out economic and trade activities. An important festival of Dai people over the years, strengthening cultural and economic exchanges, friendship and national unity. Legend of historical and cultural water-splashing festival
According to folklore, in ancient times, the places where Dai people lived suffered disasters again and again. There is no rain in summer, no wind in spring, no sunshine in autumn and rainy in winter. Whether it is sunny or not, whether it rains or not, the four seasons are confused, crops can't be planted, fields and wasteland are abandoned, people and animals are infected, and mankind is facing extinction.
The man known as Paya Night, seeing such a scene, decided to go to heaven to find out the reason and told the heavenly king Ying Da Tira. He made wings out of four boards and flew into the sky, reporting the human disaster to King Tira of Ying Da. When I inquired about the smell of fragrant jacquard petals, I knew that the God in charge of wind, thunder, electricity, rain, sunny and cloudy was holding Madian Daraza, ignoring the rules of drought, rain and cold formulated by Ma Peng, and relying on the vast magical powers, deliberately created chaos. And this one holds Madian Dalaza, and his magic is brilliant, and the gods are helpless to him.
In order to punish this unscrupulous god, Ying Da Tira dressed up as a handsome boy and went to Dalam's house in Pengma Store to seduce girls. The seven daughters who were imprisoned in the palace for a long time by Madian Dalaza fell in love with this handsome boy at first sight. Ying Da Tila will hold Madiandala hostage, which will bring disaster to the world and make mankind face extinction. Seven kind-hearted girls who have been angry with their fathers on weekdays are determined to put righteousness above family loyalty and save mankind. They gather around their father every day to coquetry and explore the secret of his life and death. Facing the charming girl, Dalaza in Pengmadian finally revealed the secret: he is not afraid of knives, arrows, fire or floods, but only the hair on his head. When the girls found out the secret, they drank their father as drunk as a fiddler, took the opportunity to cut off a lock of his hair and made a bow. When they aimed the bowstring at Madian Dalachai's neck, his head suddenly fell off. But the head of Dalaza in Pengmadian is a devil's head, and the fire is in a mess. Seven girls saw it, regardless of safety, and rushed to their heads in emotion, and the divine fire went out. In order to put out the magic fire, the seven girls had to hold the devil in their arms and keep spinning until their heads rotted. Every time the two sisters take turns, they will splash water on each other to wash away the stains and eliminate the odor.
After the death of Madian Dalachai, Mahapeng in Shuluba rebuilt the calendar, took charge of the wind and rain, and the weather was good, so the people lived and worked in peace. Legend has it that the revised calendar was announced by Baya to his father in June of Dai Li. Therefore, the Dai people regard June, when the new calendar is announced, as New Year's Day. People splash water on each other during the Chinese New Year, so as to forget the seven kind girls who are disloyal and heartless, and to drive away evil spirits and seek good luck to be passed down to this day. Generally speaking, it takes three or four days for the Dai calendar to celebrate the New Year, which is usually called "Wan Mai", "Wan Fan" and "Mai Pai Ya Wan Ma". "Wanmai" is the day to say goodbye to the old year, which is somewhat similar to the New Year's Eve of the Lunar New Year. On this day, people should clean up, prepare food for the new year, bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. The year of "all kinds of troubles" is mostly one day, sometimes two days, which means that the sky is empty and does not belong to the day of the old annual report or the day of the New Year. People usually say that "Wannao" is a bad day for Madian Dalaza.
Description: The injured prince "Black Dragon" released a brand-new Chinese album "Xishuangbanna" in 2005 after "Change of Heart" and "The Seventh Day of July"!
In the album "Xishuangbanna", Black Dragon has made a great breakthrough in both singing and singing skills, and the song style has also changed from the previous "injury". The music style in the album is different, and it incorporates richer "emotional elements". At the end of the album, I played Real &; Constant love songs (fast version adapted from skewering), Xishuangbanna (high and low version), Please don't leave me (high version) and two accompaniment, fully giving back to fans.
The main tracks in the album "Xishuangbanna" and "Constant Love Song" are mainly about creating local conditions and customs. With a unique national musical instrument, coupled with the long memory of hometown and Kangding by Black Dragon, the unique local customs can't help but make people homesick.