Eating apples can not only lose weight, but also help digestion. It's good for the elderly. Apple contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, sugars, fats and so on. It constitutes an essential nutrient for the brain. The fiber in apple is beneficial to the growth and development of children and can promote the growth and development. Zinc in apples is beneficial to children's memory and can enhance their memory. But the acid in apples will corrode teeth, so it is best to rinse your mouth after eating apples! !
There are thousands of varieties of apples, which are divided into three categories: wine varieties, cooking varieties and tail foods. The three varieties are different in color, size, fragrance, smoothness (and possibly crispness and flavor). Many varieties have high sugar content, moderate acidity and low tannin content. Besides raw apples, there are many cooking methods, which are often used as snack fillings. Apple scones may be the earliest sweet-tailed food in America. Fried apples are often eaten with sausages, pork chops and other dishes, especially in Europe.
Wow ... apples have so many benefits! Let me introduce the morphological habits and reproductive habits of apples to you! Everyone must want to know! !
Apple trees, deciduous trees. The height of the tree can reach 15 meters, and it is generally about 3 ~ 5 meters under cultivation conditions. The trunk is grayish brown, the old bark has irregular longitudinal cracks or flaking, and the branchlets are smooth. Simple leaves alternate, oval to ovoid, with serrated leaves. Corymb, white petals, pink buds, 20 stamens, 5 styles. Fruit is a kind of kernel, and its color and size vary with varieties. Like light, like slightly acidic to neutral soil. It is most suitable for sandy soil with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and good ventilation and drainage.
The flower bud differentiation of most apple varieties began in early June and ended before winter. The whole process is divided into three stages: physiological differentiation, morphological differentiation and sexual cell maturation. The flower buds are mixed buds and the inflorescences are corymbose cymes. Each inflorescence has 5-8 flowers, mostly 5. The central flower blooms first, and the marginal flower blooms later. The central flower has the best quality, stable fruit and large fruit. When thinning flowers and fruits, the central flowers and fruits should be kept, and the marginal flowers and fruits should be thinned more. The bud leaves first, then blooms, and shoots from the fruit table. The number and length of branches on the fruit table vary with varieties and nutritional conditions of fruiting mother branches. Varieties with strong secondary branches and long and strong branches, such as Zhuguang, have small fruits, low yield and loose fruiting branches. This variety uses thinning 1, leaving 1 and pinching new shoots to control the growth of secondary branches. Varieties with medium secondary branch growth (1 or 2), short branches (below 10 cm) and thick branches, such as Jin Shuai and Jonakin, have large fruits, high yield, compact fruiting branches, easy regeneration and strong continuous fruiting ability. Varieties with weak secondary shoot growth (1) and short branches (less than 3 cm), such as Yuan Shuai and Enpai, have large fruits, compact fruiting branches, easy to form chicken feet branches and easy to update. However, most fruit forests bear fruit every other year, so more reserve branches should be left to reduce the fruit bearing in different years.
Apple is a kind of fruit that everyone is familiar with. It is chubby and covered with red harvest. Hold it in your hand and it will gently stick to your palm. When you choose it from thousands of apple trees in Qian Qian, it is a kind of happiness. It can bring sweetness to people, which is its greatest happiness. Apple is a kind of fruit that grows in the north. The idiom "fruitful" refers to it. Every time you walk through an apple orchard, its attractive fragrance will enter your nostrils and even your whole body with the breeze, and that long-lost comfort will gush out from your long-buried nerves. What could be easier than this? Let me introduce apples!
The height of flowering deciduous trees of apple trees can reach 15 meters, and it is generally 3-5 meters high under cultivation conditions. The trunk is grayish brown, the old bark has irregular longitudinal cracks or flaking, and the branchlets are smooth. The leaf sequence is simple and alternate, oval to ovoid, and the leaf margin is serrated. Corymb with white petals, pink buds, 20 stamens and 5 styles. Fruit is a kind of kernel, and its color and size vary with varieties.
Apples like light, slightly acidic to neutral soil. It is most suitable for sandy soil with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and good ventilation and drainage of core soil. There are more than 7500 known species. Improved varieties: "Red Star Series", "Red Fuji" and "Jonathan". In addition to fresh varieties, there are apples for cooking. Because the fruit acid of apple has the function of retaining water, it is suitable for baking Apples contain a lot of pectin, which is a soluble fiber that can reduce cholesterol and bad cholesterol. It can also control asthma and chronic obstructive pneumonia. .
Apples have a special effect on enhancing children's memory. Apple not only contains a variety of vitamins, lipids, minerals, sugars and other essential nutrients for the brain, but also contains fine fibers beneficial to children's growth and development and zinc that can enhance children's memory. Zinc is an essential element that constitutes the nucleic acid and protein closely related to memory. Zinc deficiency will lead to the hypoplasia of hippocampus on the edge of cerebral cortex. Once zinc in food is reduced, children's memory and learning ability will be seriously damaged, which can last until adulthood. In order to make children have a good memory, children should be allowed to eat more apples.
Apple, also known as Taopo, is a kind of drupe, which consists of several seeds wrapped in juicy pulp and belongs to pear. Commercial apples are native to West Asia or Eastern Europe, and there are about 7,500 varieties in the world. They are sweet, sour and nutritious, and are one of the fruits suitable for all ages.
nutritive value
The water content of fresh apples is 85%.
Apples are rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements. Especially the content of vitamin A and carotene is higher.
Effects on disease and health
It is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber-pectin. Pectin has the functions of protecting intestinal wall, activating beneficial bacteria in intestinal tract, regulating gastrointestinal function, absorbing water, eliminating constipation, stabilizing blood sugar, beautifying skin, adsorbing bile and cholesterol, and can effectively prevent hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, clean intestinal tract and prevent colorectal cancer.
Malic acid and citric acid in apple sour taste can improve gastric juice secretion and promote digestion.
Malic acid can also stabilize blood sugar and prevent diabetes, so diabetics should eat sour apples.
Apples are rich in potassium, which can prevent and treat hypertension. China people's salt intake is seriously excessive, which leads to the retention of sodium and water in the body and promotes hypertension. Potassium can increase the excretion of sodium from the kidney and reduce the content of sodium in cells, thus lowering blood pressure. Potassium can also dilate blood vessels, and together with pectin can prevent metabolic syndrome.
Apples can also prevent cancer and lead poisoning.
Apple juice has a strong effect on killing infectious viruses. People who eat more apples are much less likely to catch a cold than those who don't eat or eat less apples. Therefore, some scientists and doctors call apples "all-round healthy fruits" or "general practitioners". Now the air pollution is more serious. Eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function, and protect the lungs from pollution and smoke.
Apple has a natural and pleasant aroma, which has obvious effect of eliminating depression.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that apples are flat in nature and have the effects of nourishing the heart and moistening the lungs, promoting fluid production and detoxifying, benefiting qi and regulating the stomach, sobering up and calming the liver.
Diet should be avoided.
Apples should not be eaten with seafood. Apples contain tannic acid. Eating with seafood not only reduces the nutritional value of seafood protein, but also tends to have symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Similarly, other fruits with more tannins, such as strawberries, bayberries, persimmons, pomegranates, lemons, grapes and sour pomelo, should not be eaten with seafood.
Apples are rich in nutrition. Chewing slowly when eating apples is not only conducive to digestion, but also conducive to reducing human diseases.
Expectant mothers eat an apple every day, which can reduce the reaction during pregnancy.
Purchase, preservation and eating methods
There are many varieties of apples, with different appearance and pulp characteristics, and their applicability in seasons and various uses is also very different.
Fresh apples should be solid, crisp and beautiful in color; Mature apples have certain fragrance, compact texture and easy storage; Immature apples have bad color and no fragrance, and may shrink after storage; Overripe apples droop easily when pressed lightly on the surface. Apple will have internal damage and collision scars after being frozen for a period of time. Irregular brown or brown spots will not seriously affect the eating quality of apples.
Apples that grow without bagging are unsightly in appearance, but have high sugar content. From early spring to summer, apples in this period are all stored apples, so the taste is not very fresh.
The skin of fresh apples is sticky, and you can see a layer of frost. This is not because of waxing, but a layer of natural waxy substance, which can protect apples. Besides, some apples taste as sweet as honey. This is because a special kind of sugar will be formed in fruit after being fully irradiated by sunlight. This kind of sugar has high osmotic pressure and can absorb water from surrounding tissues, so it tastes like honey.
Apples can be kept fresh for 7 ~ 10 days in the shade, and can be kept fresh for longer if they are put into plastic bags and put in the refrigerator. If you have extra apples, you can make them into candied fruit or jam and keep them in the refrigerator.
If immature kiwifruit or pear is put in a plastic bag with apples, the ethylene released by apples can make other fruits mature and make kiwifruit and pear soft. But if apples are put together with other mature fruits and vegetables, they will accelerate the decay, so they should be avoided.
Precautions for eating
After apple is cut or peeled, it can be soaked in light salt water or sprinkled with lemon juice to prevent discoloration.
Vitamins, pectin and other effective ingredients in apples are mostly contained in and near the peel, so apples should be washed and eaten, and try not to peel them. Apple with no pesticide and low pesticide is preferred.
Related recipes and food collocation
Hot toffee apple
Peel the apple and cut it into pieces; Heat a proper amount of oil in a wok, pour in white sugar, simmer until the sugar is thin, then add diced apples, turn them repeatedly until the sugar is hanging, and then take them out of the wok and serve.
The dish has the effects of appetizing, harmonizing stomach and prolonging life, and is suitable for people with poor appetite.
For the public.
Most people can eat it.
Speaking of litchi, everyone is familiar with it. Today I will introduce litchi to you.
Litchi is a famous fruit in Lingnan, which belongs to subtropical precious fruit and one of the four famous fruits in Lingnan. It originated in southern China and has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. Among them, the fruit king litchi, especially the variety commonly known as "glutinous rice paste", has a small core and sweet meat. It is entirely conceivable that Su Dongpo's "300 lychees a day, willing to grow up to be a Lingnan person" is a true expression.
Litchi is an evergreen tree with a height of 30m in the field and a DBH of1m. Bark grayish brown, undivided. Even-numbered pinnate compound leaves alternate, with 2-4 pairs of leaflets, oblong-lanceolate, and 6- 12 cm long. Flowers are small and apetalous, forming a terminal panicle. The fruit is spherical or ovoid, red when ripe, with obvious protrusions on the peel, brown-red seeds, flowering in March-April, and ripe in May-August. I like light, warm and humid climate and deep acidic soil rich in humus, and I am afraid of frost. At present, there are more than 100 litchi varieties in China and more than 60 in Guangzhou, which are widely distributed in Conghua, Zengcheng and several suburbs in Guangzhou.
Litchi is famous for its unique fruit shape, pleasing color, creamy pulp, sweet and crisp, sweet and good color and taste. Excellent varieties include glutinous rice paste, cinnamon, princess smile and hanging green. The number of Huai branches is the largest, accounting for about 70% to 80% of the total output.
The quality of litchi is best with cinnamon and glutinous rice paste. Guiwei is attractive for its crisp and sweet meat, while glutinous rice paste is famous for its small core, thick meat and rich juice. In the past, it was called "Three Unique Litchi" together with "Bicun Glutinous Rice Paste", "Luogang Guiwei" and "Zengcheng Gualv". Among the three outstanding figures, "Zengcheng Guaqing" is the most precious and has been listed as a tribute by the court. "Zengcheng hangs green" has a red shell with green in it, four points are slightly green, and six points are dividends. There is a green line around each litchi. The pulp is white and crystal clear, sweet and refreshing, and has a unique flavor. The hanging green tree, which lives in the hanging green garden in Licheng Town, Zengcheng, is the ancestor of hanging green litchi, with a tree age of more than 400 years and a height of more than 5 meters. Several generations of Gualv descendants have been successfully cultivated, and more than 65,438+000 plants have been planted in several towns and villages in Zengcheng.
Litchi is not only delicious, but also its smell can kill insects. However, although litchi is delicious, it can kill insects, but if you eat too much, you will get angry and get sick. Therefore, I advise you to eat less, and don't eat too much lychee for the sake of impulse, in exchange for illness.
Choose one out of three.
Winter jujube
Winter jujube is a kind of high-quality late-maturing fresh food in northern Shandong. Winter jujube bears fruit early, and it can bear fruit in the same year of grafting. 65438+ 10 ripens in the first half of June, and the fruit is nearly round, with smooth and flat surface, and the fruit shape resembles a small apple. The longitudinal bending is 2.7-2.9 cm, the transverse bending is 2.5-2.9 cm, the average unit weight 14 g, and the maximum fruit weight is 45 g.
Winter jujube belongs to Rhamnaceae, Zizyphus. It is an excellent late-maturing fresh-eating spinless jujube variety. Mainly distributed in Hebei, Shandong and other places, the fruit of Dongzao jujube is large, nearly round, with a vertical and horizontal diameter of 2.9-3.2 cm, thin skin, small pit, juicy, tender and crisp meat, strong sweetness, slightly sour, round or oblate fruit, reddish ochre, average single fruit weight17.5g, maximum single fruit weight of 35g, and jujube pit. The sugar content of fresh jujube is 34%, the acid content is 0.47%, and vitamin C is 303 mg/100g. ..
Winter jujube has medium tree vigor and branching ability. It bears fruit 2-3 years after planting, and bears fruit in the second year after high grafting, with stable yield. The fruit growth period is125-130 days. It can be harvested from the end of September (white ripening period) to the middle of 10 (full ripening period).
This variety has strong adaptability, high and stable yield, late-maturing fruit and excellent quality, and is an excellent late-maturing fresh food variety.
Winter jujube is delicious, crisp, tender and high quality, and it is a high-grade fresh-eating tree species among deciduous fruit trees in the north. When landing after maturity, it can crack; Fruit juice is more residue-free, sweet and fragrant; The soluble solid content is 35-38%, the meat thickness is small, and the edible rate is 96. 1%.
Winter jujube is extremely rich in nutrition. Contains aspartic acid, threonine, serine, etc. 19 kinds of essential amino acids, with a total content of 0.985 mg/100g; In which protein1.65%; Dietary fiber is 2.3%, and the total amount is 17. %; Total flavonoids 0.26%; Nicotinic acid 0.87 mg/100g; Carotene1.1mg/kg; Vitamin B 1. 1 mg/kg; Vitamin B2 2.2 mg/kg; The content of vitamin C is particularly rich, reaching 352 mg/100g; It is 70 times the vitamin C content of apple, 100 times that of pear and 20 times that of jujube. It has the reputation of "living vitamin pills".
In addition, winter jujube fruit contains vitamin A, vitamin E, potassium, sodium, iron, copper and other trace elements. It has the effects of keeping capillaries unblocked and preventing the increase of fragility of blood vessel walls, and has therapeutic effects on hypertension, atherosclerosis and cancer prevention. The nutritional value is the highest among all kinds of fruits, and it is known as the "king of all kinds of fruits".
The sales market of winter jujube is currently in a period of rapid growth. In recent years, the market demand exceeds supply, the general price is around 60 yuan/kg, and the highest price is as high as 360 yuan/kg. It has extremely high economic value. Vigorously developing winter jujube production and strengthening cultivation management can obtain higher economic, ecological and social benefits.