Name: Great East Japan Earthquake
Time: Japan time 20 1 1 March 1 October 14: 46 (Beijing time 201/March1March/kloc)
Location: Northeast Japan
Longitude and longitude of the epicenter: 38. 1 degree north latitude and 0/42.6 degree east longitude.
Focal depth:10km
Magnitude: 9.0 on the Richter scale
Epicenter intensity: ⅸ degree
Casualties: 14063 people died, 1369 1 people were missing (201April1February 19 hours).
An earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale occurred in the northern part of Miyagi Prefecture in northeastern Japan, which may be the strongest earthquake ever recorded in Japan. Because it is located at the junction of crustal plates, Japan has been a country with frequent earthquakes, and there are countless earthquakes that have caused heavy casualties in history. The first major earthquake that Japan experienced in the 20th century occurred in 1 September, 9231. An earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale struck kanto region. The affected cities include Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, Shizuoka and Yamanashi, resulting in 15843 deaths, more than 2 million homeless people and economic losses of 6.5 billion yen. In the following 70 years, dozens of major earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above occurred in Japan. Several times with more casualties include1March 7, 927, an earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter scale occurred in Kyoto, western Japan, killing 2925 people. 1on March 3, 933, an earthquake measuring 8. 1 on the Richter scale struck three northern islands of Honshu Island, killing 3008 people. 1943 September 10, an earthquake measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale occurred in tottori prefecture on the west coast of Japan, 1083 people were killed. 1944 65438+On February 7, an earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale struck the Pacific coast of central Japan, killing 998 people. 1945 65438+1October 13, an earthquake measuring 6.8 on the Richter scale struck Sanchuan near Nagoya in central Japan, killing 2306 people. 1946 65438+February 2 1 day, an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred in a large area of western Japan, 1443 people were killed. 1June 1995 +09951October 17 Great Hanshin Earthquake was the most serious earthquake in Japan after the Great Kanto Earthquake, and it was even called the biggest disaster that Japan experienced in the 20th century except the atomic bomb attack. The magnitude of the earthquake that occurred in Kobe and its vicinity in western Japan was 7.3 on the Richter scale. However, because the epicenter was located in a densely populated and densely built urban area, the number of dead and missing people reached 6437, and the economic loss reached 654.38+000 billion US dollars. 265438+The first major earthquake in Japan in the 20th century occurred in Niigata, central Japan on October 23rd, 2004/KLOC-0, with a magnitude of 6.8, and 67 people were killed. Just two days before the Miyagi earthquake, that is, on March 9, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred on the east coast of Honshu, Japan, or the "foreshock" of this earthquake. Beijing time 2011March1October13: 46: 26 \ 201March1/kloc-. According to statistics, the earthquake of magnitude 9.0 is the third highest in the world on record, and the earthquake of magnitude 9.5 in Chile in 1960 and the earthquake of magnitude 9.2 in Alaska in 1964 ranked first and second respectively. The Japan Meteorological Agency immediately issued a tsunami warning that the earthquake would trigger a tsunami about 6 meters high, which was revised to 10 meter. According to the follow-up survey, the tsunami reached a maximum of 24 meters. Occasionally, there will be earthquakes in a small part of Beijing, but it will have no obvious impact on Chinese mainland. However, the possible tsunami caused by the earthquake will affect most parts of the Pacific Ocean. Because the earthquake occurred in the western Pacific Ocean, far away from Chinese mainland, and the nature of China's continental shelf determines that there is a relatively shallow sea area within this distance, which will not have a significant impact on the mainland.
An earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale occurred in the western Pacific 1 1 afternoon, and Tokyo felt strongly. The Japan Meteorological Agency has issued a high-level tsunami warning to the Pacific coast of Honshu Island. According to the observation of the Japan Meteorological Agency, the earthquake occurred at 1 14: 46 local time (Beijing time11/3: 46), and the epicenter was located in the western Pacific Ocean east of Miyagi Prefecture. The magnitude of the earthquake was determined by the Japan Meteorological Agency. It was initially set at 7.9, then immediately revised to 8.4, 8.8 and 8.9, then adjusted back to 8.8, and finally set at 9.0. The China Earthquake Administration Network initially released an earthquake measuring 8.6 on the Richter scale; The magnitude released by the US Geological Survey is 8.8. Shortly after that day, the US Geological Survey revised the magnitude of the earthquake in the western Pacific from 8.8 on the Richter scale to 8.9 on the Richter scale, and finally graded it to 9.0 on March 14. As of 20 1 1, 65438+February 22, March 1 1, the earthquake in Japan and its tsunami have been confirmed to have caused 15843 deaths and 3469 missing. The earthquake caused the ground to sink, causing some coastal areas in the earthquake-stricken area of Japan Island to sink below sea level, and the sinking part covered a considerable part of Tokyo. Japan's seismological research institutions have collected information from all sides of the world. On 2011March 13, Japan Meteorological Agency revised the magnitude of the western Pacific earthquake to 9.0 on the Richter scale. Before this great earthquake, there were earthquakes of different scales in this area. Among them, several earthquakes of magnitude 7.2 occurred on March 9. According to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, an earthquake of magnitude 7.2 occurred in the eastern waters of Honshu Island, Japan (latitude 38.3, longitude 143.3) at 0: 45 (Beijing time) on March 9, 2065. The local earthquake in Tokyo, Japan is of magnitude 3, and the earthquake process lasts about 1 minute. The earthquake triggered a regional tsunami near the source. 1111,a tsunami wave of 0.54m was detected at Otsuka Station in Honshu Island, Japan. After the 9.0 earthquake in March 1 1, researchers suddenly found that the 7.2 earthquake on March 9 was the foreshock of this 9.0 earthquake, which broke the record that there could be no higher earthquake after the 7.0+ earthquake in the same area in the observation history. The Pacific Ocean east and west of Fukushima, Japan, was affected by the nuclear accident. According to the National Seismological Network, an earthquake of magnitude 8.6-9.0 occurred in the western Pacific Ocean (38. 1 degree north latitude and 42.6 degrees east longitude) at March 0 1 13: 46 Beijing time. The epicenter was about 190 km from Sendai. It is understood that some high-rise buildings in Beijing and Tianjin have a sense of earthquake. Xinhuanet Beijing July 3 1 Sunday (Reporter Luo Sha) On July 3 1 Sunday, the reporter learned from the State Oceanic Administration of China that according to the detection of the professional monitoring team of marine environmental radioactivity sent by the State Oceanic Administration, the western Pacific Ocean east and southeast of Fukushima has been obviously affected by the Fukushima nuclear accident. It is understood that in order to understand and master the impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan on the western Pacific and China waters, from June/KLOC-0 to July 4, the State Oceanic Administration sent a professional marine environmental radioactivity monitoring team to set sail from Xiamen to the waters east of Fukushima, Japan, to carry out marine environmental radioactivity monitoring in the western Pacific. During this period, the marine atmosphere, seawater and marine life were monitored in view of the impact of the main radioactive substances cesium-137, cesium-134 and strontium -90 released by the Fukushima nuclear leak in Japan on the marine environment. This voyage lasted 18 days, with a voyage of 4,735 nautical miles, the monitored sea area was 25.2 square kilometers, and a large number of marine atmospheric, seawater and biological samples were collected. According to the State Oceanic Administration, the monitoring team has completed the analysis and testing of some samples, and the results show that there is no abnormality in the monitoring results of atmospheric radiation dose in this sea area; Radionuclides cesium-137, strontium -90 and cesium-134, which could not be detected in seawater under normal circumstances, were all detected in the first batch of seawater samples. These three nuclides are pollutants released by the Fukushima nuclear leak in Japan. Among them, the contents of cesium-137 and strontium -90 are the highest, which are 300 times and 10 times higher than the background range of China sea area respectively. The State Oceanic Administration will announce the follow-up results of marine environmental monitoring and evaluation in the western Pacific. According to the news of NHK TV on March 12, affected by the earthquake in the western Pacific, the coastal areas of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima in Japan were hit by a tsunami, causing a large number of casualties and disappearances. At present, it has been confirmed that the death toll in the area closest to the epicenter in northeastern Japan has exceeded 500. Another 400-500 bodies were found in Miyagi Prefecture. On June 3, 65438, the number of casualties in the western Pacific earthquake continued to increase. According to the latest statistics of Japanese media, the death toll caused by the earthquake and tsunami has reached16,000, with15,000 missing. It is reported that the Japanese government is comprehensively evaluating the losses caused by the earthquake, and some areas are still suffering from more serious aftershocks. As of midnight on 12, the police confirmed that the death toll reached 687, and more than 200 bodies have not been identified. In addition, about 10000 people in Minamisanriku, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan are still missing after the earthquake and tsunami. Otsuchi-machi and Minamisanriku-machi in Iwate Prefecture also suffered the same blow, and the entire Minamisanriku-machi was almost razed to the ground. The town has 654.38+500,000 residents. At present, only 4,600 people have been confirmed to be safe, and the whereabouts of others are unknown. According to Japan's Yonhap News Agency, on June 5438+04, about 2,000 bodies of earthquake and tsunami victims were found on two coasts in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. On the other hand, the Japanese government is trying its best to fully grasp the disaster information. It is also reported that about 1000 bodies of victims were found in Mulu Peninsula and Minamisanriku-CHO, Miyagi Prefecture, further increasing the number of victims. So far, the number of people killed and missing in the earthquake and tsunami must have exceeded 24,000. Japan's NHK 14 announced that the earthquake and tsunami caused more than 1834 deaths, more than 1000 people were missing, and more than 380,000 people left home to take refuge. It is reported that it has been confirmed that the June 5438+0/kloc-0 earthquake in the western Pacific and its tsunami have caused 2476 deaths and more than 17000 people are missing. 1March 7, 8 10/1The Great Western Pacific Earthquake and its tsunami killed 5,583 people and15,000 people were missing. According to Japan's Yonhap News Agency, the Japanese Police Agency said that the number of asylum seekers in eight counties, including Miyagi, Fukushima and Iwate, is now about 380,000, which is tens of thousands less than the previous day. The Japanese Embassy in China said on June 7th, 65438 that 1 Japanese citizens had been confirmed to have been killed in the tsunami caused by the strong earthquake in the western Pacific on June 6th, 438+0 1. According to Japanese police, as of 18, the number of people killed by earthquakes, tsunamis and other disasters in China has reached 6,539, and the number of missing people has risen to 10354. According to the statistics of the Japanese National Police Agency, the earthquake in Japan and its tsunami have caused more than 654.38+0.6 million people to die or disappear. In addition, 2,409 people are known to have been injured. According to Japan's Yonhap News Agency, the Japanese National Police Agency said on March 19 that the number of people killed in the earthquake and tsunami had reached 69 1 1, exceeding 1995 Hanshin Earthquake, among which 6,434 people were killed. 19 March, the total number of people killed and missing has exceeded 17227. About 90,000 rescuers, including police and members of the Self-Defense Forces, have rescued 26,000 survivors. According to Agence France-Presse, as of the 20th, the death toll confirmed by Japan's 9.0-magnitude earthquake has risen to 8 133. According to official statistics,12,272 people have disappeared due to disasters such as the earthquake and tsunami, bringing the number of deaths and missing persons in Japan to 20,405. In Miyagi Prefecture, the hardest hit area in Japan, the number of victims was confirmed to be 4,882. It has become the disaster with the largest number of deaths in Japan since World War II. The Japanese National Police Agency announced on March 2 1 that as of 9: 00 a.m. that day, 8,649 people had been confirmed dead and12,877 people were missing. The Japanese National Police Agency announced on March 23rd that as of 12, 9,408 people had been confirmed dead in the strong earthquake and tsunami in northeastern Japan, and 147 16 people were missing. According to the website of Japan's Asahi Shimbun, on the morning of 25th, Japan time 1 1, the Japanese Police Agency announced that the death toll in Japan 12 prefectures had reached 10035. Another 17443 people were missing and 2775 people were injured. The confirmed death toll includes 6636 in Miyagi Prefecture, 3025 in Iwate Prefecture, 855 in Fukushima Prefecture, 20 in Ibaraki Prefecture, 7 in Chiba Prefecture 17, 7 in Tokyo, 4 in Tochigi Prefecture and Kanagawa Prefecture, 3 in Aomori Prefecture, Hokkaido, Yamagata Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture 1 person. Xinhua News Agency, Tokyo, March 25th, the Japanese Police Agency said on the 25th that as of 2 11local time, the earthquake in Japan and its tsunami have confirmed that 10 102 people were killed and 17053 people were missing. According to the Japanese National Police Agency, 6,097 people were killed in Miyagi Prefecture and 3,092 people were killed in Iwate Prefecture. At present, about 250,000 people still take refuge in various shelters. The Japanese National Police Agency pointed out that as of midnight 1 1 local time on the 25th, two weeks after the strong earthquake and tsunami hit the northeastern part of Japan, the police in Doudao County confirmed that there were 2,765,438 people dead1kloc-0/02 and missing 17053. In addition, 2,777 people were slightly injured in 18 county. The Japanese National Police Agency pointed out that the death toll in Miyagi Prefecture was 6,097, that in Iwate Prefecture was 3,092, and that in Fukushima Prefecture was 855. In addition, there are 6,237 people in Miyagi Prefecture, 5,934 people in Fukushima Prefecture and 4,878 people in Iwate Prefecture. , and 6 counties *** 17053 people are missing. The report pointed out that due to the case that a family was swept away by the tsunami, the actual number of missing persons should be more. In terms of building damage, about12,600 buildings in Iwate Prefecture were completely damaged, and a total of about18,800 buildings were completely damaged. If half-destroyed or partially damaged buildings are added, it will be as high as 13438+00000 buildings. As for the victims who are still forced to live in shelters, 17 nearly 2,000 shelters in Duxian have accommodated nearly 246,200 people, including about 86,900 in Miyagi Prefecture, 86,300 in Shimane Prefecture and 43,700 in Iwate Prefecture. The Japan Meteorological Agency 1 1 said that the strong earthquake that happened that day had caused a huge tsunami along the northeast Pacific coast of Japan. Television pictures show that waves as high as several meters are involved in vehicles in the sea, destroying coastal buildings. According to the Meteorological Agency, waves as high as 4 meters were observed in Iwate Prefecture. The agency also warned that the earthquake may also trigger waves as high as 10 meters. According to the Japan News Agency, 1 person died in the strong earthquake that day in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. After the earthquake, an oil tank warehouse in Hara City, Chiba Prefecture near Tokyo caught fire. A strong earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Japan 1 1. The earthquake that occurred in the afternoon of 1 1 is the fourth strong earthquake in the world since 1900 and the highest earthquake in Japan since 1923. According to the data collected by NASA, this strong earthquake made Honshu Island in Japan move eastward by about 3.6 meters, and the earth's axis moved by 25 centimeters, which accelerated the earth's rotation by 65,438 0.6 microseconds. On June 19, Japan's National Geographic Institute announced that due to the strong earthquake with a magnitude of 9 on the Richter scale that occurred on June 1 1, the Mulu Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture, located in the northwest of the epicenter, moved about 5.3 meters to the southeast where the epicenter was located, and at the same time sank about 1.2 meters, which is the largest crustal change recorded in Japan. The Korean peninsula also moved eastward by 5. 16 cm; There is also a phenomenon of moving several millimeters eastward in northern China. According to foreign reports, a strong tsunami was triggered after the 9.0 earthquake in the western Pacific, and tsunami warning or tsunami observation reports were issued in many places in the United States. According to AFP news on March 1 1, Hawaii, USA issued a tsunami warning on March 1 1. It is estimated that the tsunami may reach the local area as early as the evening of June 6, local time 1 1. Hawaii is about 6400 kilometers from the epicenter of Japan. In addition, according to American media reports, tsunami observation and early warning have been issued in the coastal areas of Washington, Oregon and California in the northwest and parts of Alaska in the west. Observation alert level should be lower than alert. At about 135438+0 Beijing time, residents in Beijing Muxidi, Wangjing and Zhongguancun reported that the floors were shaking. It is described that a 20-story building near Beijing Muxidi has a slight earthquake and the corridor smells of dust. Residents of some high-rise residential buildings in Wangjing area also reported a slight earthquake, and some residents ran downstairs to avoid danger. It was learned from the National Ocean Forecasting Station on June 5438+0 1 that the earthquake that occurred in the western Pacific at noon on June 5438+0 1 may trigger a regional tsunami within hundreds of kilometers around the source, but it will not have a disastrous impact on China's coastal areas. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 4-In view of the possible impact on China caused by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, the National Nuclear Accident Emergency Coordination Committee issued an authoritative release on April 4: The latest information reported by the International Atomic Energy Agency shows that the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan tends to be stable, but the situation is still grim, and relevant parties in Japan continue to take various possible measures to control the expansion of radioactive pollution. The environmental radioactivity level around Fukushima is generally stable, and some areas continue to decline. On April 4th, a very small amount of artificial radionuclide iodine-13 1 released by the Japanese nuclear accident was detected in the air of 31parts of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. Among them, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Ningxia and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government have detected even smaller amounts of artificial radionuclides cesium-137 and cesium-134. Compared with yesterday, the environmental radiation levels in various places have not changed significantly. The sampling and monitoring results of food and drinking water are normal. Based on the monitoring and analysis of the World Meteorological Organization, the Beijing Regional Environmental Emergency Response Center of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the State Oceanic Administration, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (National Nuclear Safety Administration) and the Ministry of Health, it is considered that the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan will not cause harm to China's environment and domestic public health, and it is unnecessary to take protective measures. Because the earthquake was caused by the vertical movement between plates rather than the horizontal movement, it triggered a tsunami, which caused serious damage to some Japanese coasts and threatened the entire Pacific coast. Brian atwater, a scholar with the US Geological Survey, told the Associated Press that the energy released by the earthquake was "close to the energy consumption of the United States in one month". Ken Hudnut, a geophysicist at this institution, said that according to the data collected by NASA, the strong earthquake made Honshu Island move eastward by about 3.6 meters, the earth's rotation accelerated by 65,438 0.6 microseconds, and the earth's axis moved by 6 microns. American seismologist 1 1 said that the strong earthquakes of magnitude 9 and 0 that occurred on the afternoon of 1 1 Japan time were "once in every 200 years" in Japanese history, which is expected to cause tens of millions of dollars in losses. After the earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale occurred in the western Pacific Ocean on June 5438+0 1, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii issued tsunami warnings to most areas along the Pacific coast, and relevant countries have taken early warning measures respectively. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued tsunami warnings to Russia, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Hawaii and other countries and regions on1/Beijing time. Honolulu, the capital of Hawaii, sounded a long warning, and local radio stations repeatedly broadcast tsunami warnings to mobilize residents living in coastal evacuation areas to evacuate in time. It is estimated that the first tsunami will arrive at 2: 55 local time (20: 55 Beijing time)11. The authorities have organized buses to evacuate local residents and are preparing to open the evacuation center. Indonesian meteorological, climatic and geophysical agencies issued tsunami warnings to Papua, North Sulawesi and North Maluku provinces. It is predicted that the tsunami will reach Indonesia around 19 Beijing time. The agency said that the tsunami may affect many parts of Indonesia, especially the northern end of the eastern islands of the country. The strong earthquake occurred at local time 1 1 point 14: 46: 26 (Beijing time 13: 46: 26), and there were many aftershocks, especially in Miyagi, Iwate, Aomori and kanto region, including Tokyo. According to the US Geological Survey, the magnitude was 8.8 on the Richter scale, and the epicenter was located in the Pacific Ocean 130 km east of Miyagi Prefecture, with a focal depth of 24 km. So far, the earthquake and its tsunami have caused at least 15900 deaths, and a large number of people have been injured or missing. Five citizens of China were killed in the earthquake. Japanese media reported that the number of casualties will continue to rise due to the wide impact of the earthquake. The local TV station showed pictures of people running out of the building. After the earthquake, a large-scale power outage occurred in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture. Gas leaks occurred in many places in the city. All flights at Sendai Airport stopped taking off and landing. The JFE Iron and Steel East Japan Ironmaking Plant in Chiba Prefecture exploded due to the damage of the gas pipeline, and the flame rushed to tens of meters high, and the production was forced to be interrupted. According to statistics, after the earthquake, there were 84 fires in Japan due to gas leakage and other reasons. The local fire department in Miyagi Prefecture said that the ceiling of Lifu Town Shopping Center collapsed and many people were buried. NHK TV reported that witnesses said that "several people were injured". There were 65,438+04 fires in Tokyo because of the earthquake. Japanese TV shows that some large buildings in downtown Tokyo are shaking violently, books are scattered all over the office, and employees who are working take to the streets for safety. The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department revealed that there was thick black smoke coming out near the Tokyo Telecom Center building in Tokyo Taichang. The roof of a large shopping mall in Tokyo collapsed, and the number of injured people is unknown. Tokyo Tower 1 1, a famous landmark in Japan, was skewed at one third of the tower top due to the strong earthquake that afternoon. The staff urgently closed the elevator in the tower to evacuate the tourists who were sightseeing. Due to the emergency and effective evacuation, there was no stampede accident. About 443 square kilometers of territory sank into the water after the earthquake and tsunami, equivalent to more than half of Tokyo, and Japan may become "narrower". Japanese media reported on the 6th that the earthquake with the magnitude of 1 1 in March caused many ground subsidence in the northeast coastal areas of Japan, equivalent to more than half of Tokyo. Yosuke Ohi, an official of the Coast Guard, said that about 30 minutes after the strong earthquake, some high-rise buildings in Tokyo were still shaking and the mobile phone communication network was interrupted. Linda Seeger, a Japanese correspondent in Tokyo, said: "The building shook for a long time, and many people in the office grabbed their helmets and hid under the table." "This may be the strongest earthquake I have experienced in Japan for more than 20 years."