There are many ways to breed scorpions, from small-scale breeding in pots, cans and boxes to large-scale breeding in pools, houses and honeycombs. No matter what kind of feeding method, the basic principle is to imitate the natural living environment of scorpions and create comfortable living conditions for scorpions. The following respectively introduce pond culture, house culture and honeycomb culture:
Pond culture method:
Brick pools are used indoors or outdoors (outdoor sheds should be set up to prevent rain). The specifications depend on the number of introduced scorpion seedlings. Generally, 560 mature scorpions need to build a space of 1 m3. The general dimensions of building ponds are: height 0.5~ 1 m, width 1~ 1.5 m, and the length can be adapted to local conditions.
After the pool is completed, the wall of the pool does not need to be plastered with mortar to keep the pool surface rough, which is beneficial for scorpions to climb, crawl and inhabit inside. The outer wall of the pool can be blocked with a small amount of mortar to prevent scorpions from escaping from the gap. On the inside of the pond near the top, smooth materials can be embedded before the coated mortar dries to prevent scorpions from escaping from the top. The smooth material can be glass, plastic film, etc. The scorpion pond can be built into a multi-layer three-dimensional structure, and the general bait (Eupolyphaga sinensis or Tenebrio molitor, etc.). ) used for raising scorpions is 1~2 floors near the ground. There should be a spacing of 20~30 cm between each floor of the scorpion pond, which is convenient for operation and management. In the center of the pool, a brick, stone or tile is used to build a rockery for scorpions to inhabit, and enough space is left for scorpions to inhabit. The distance around the rockery from the pond wall should be about 15 cm to prevent scorpions from escaping by means of the rockery.
Housing maintenance methods:
There are many architectural styles of house-style scorpion raising, generally adobe mud houses, with a height of 2-2.5m, a length of 4m, a width of 2.5m and a wall thickness of 23-28cm. The outer wall of the wall is sealed and reinforced with concrete such as lime and painted. It is best to use old adobe, with gaps of different sizes ranging from 0.5 cm to 2 cm wide between adobe. Don't plaster the inner wall so that scorpions can hide. Or use a special mold to make adobe with holes on one side, and 2~3 windows and a door can be opened on the south side of the wall. The top of the floor can be covered with fine barbed wire and then covered with plastic film, and bamboo mats or straw mats must be covered on it; Or cover the barbed wire with linoleum to prevent the enemy from invading and the barbed wire from rusting. Near the corner base, you can leave some small air holes leading to the outside of the floor, which can allow big scorpions and small scorpions to enter and exit freely. An annular protective ditch is built around the house at about 1 m, which is made by mixing cement, sand, lime and loess evenly. The width and depth of the ditch are 60 cm, and the distance between the water inlet and the water outlet is 60 cm and 40 cm respectively. There is water in the ditch all year round, which can prevent scorpions from escaping and ants from invading. In the house, it is necessary to put several strip-shaped or ring-shaped brick stacks with adobe bricks to form more gaps for scorpions to inhabit, but attention should be paid to leaving pedestrian passages. In addition to the drainage ditch and activity site, some equipment in the site also needs to be equipped with rodent and bird repellent equipment, insect traps in the feeding area and some gravel piles in the activity site to form a small environment suitable for scorpion activities. It is also necessary to pile up some wheat straw, rice straw and bean vines outside the activity site and fence, and mix them with proper amount of bran, rice sugar and pig manure and urine to breed some insects for scorpions to eat.
Honeycomb method for raising scorpions:
Traditional artificial scorpion breeding mostly adopts box-type breeding (that is, putting multiple layers of tiles in a smooth box), which has several fatal defects: first, pregnant scorpions are mixed in groups, which leads to mutual interference between male scorpions and pregnant scorpions, making pregnant scorpions restless, young scorpions unable to safely pass the absorption and transformation period, and a large number of female scorpions fall off their backs and die; Secondly, male scorpions, pregnant scorpions and female scorpions also eat many newborn scorpions, which makes the survival rate of scorpions not high; Third, it is difficult to coordinate the adjustment of temperature and humidity, which often leads to high humidity (less water spraying and evaporation), which seriously affects the reproduction, reproduction and molting of scorpions, leading to the death of a large number of young scorpions due to inappropriate humidity and inability to molt, and many scorpion breeders fail to raise them. The method of raising scorpions in honeycomb overcomes the above shortcomings.
In the structure of scorpion nest, this kind of scorpion nest is composed of inner and outer plates. The specification of the inner plate is 60cm× 2 1cm× 4cm, and four rows 15 rows (60) of 4cm× 3cm× 3cm grooves are evenly distributed on it. The specification of the outer plate is 60cm× 2 1cm× 2.5cm, and it is surrounded by eight groups of inner and outer plates (the inner plate is fixed with cement first, and then the outer plate and the inner plate are clamped together with iron clips to keep the inner plate fixed and the outer plate movable, which is convenient for capture and management), forming a honeycomb scorpion nest. From the outside, the scorpion nest is like a beehive, surrounded by eyes. When feeding, fill the holes surrounded by wooden boards with soil, plant flowers and plants, and then water them, which not only keeps the flowers beautiful, but also keeps the soil moist. In this way, pregnant scorpions naturally give birth, which prevents the phenomenon of mother and child from interfering with each other, maintains the humidity (55% ~ 75%) required by the molting of young scorpions, makes the environment for their growth and development closer to the natural environment, and greatly improves the survival rate of young scorpions.
The newly introduced species of scorpions are frightened in transportation, and their memories of environmental changes are fresh, which often cause abortion, birth, death, abortion, and even metamorphosis, abortion, death and other diseases. At this time, it is necessary to use 80,000 units of gentamicin sulfate injection, a tea bowl filled with water, and soak it in a sponge for the scorpion to drink. It can greatly improve its survival rate by sucking it once a day for three days.
Scorpions are raised in pits, ponds and sheds. Dig a hole in the pond, build a shed on the pond, and keep one-third of the wet soil area, so that scorpions can freely choose suitable dry and wet land, heat it under the pond, evaporate water, and keep the air humidity in the shed suitable. This culture method can keep the temperature and humidity of the scorpion's living environment constant, which not only saves labor, but also saves fuel. And can avoid the occurrence of dry disease and edema disease.
Little scorpions born about 10 days can be separated from their mothers. To feed them bugs, the size of bugs should be similar to that of scorpions, or smaller than scorpions. Put the bug in a small plate (the depth of the plate is suitable for the small scorpion to get in and out, but the bug can't climb out). Because the small scorpion has poor predation ability, it is necessary to put more plates in a pool and put them in the same position to facilitate eating. Bugs grow faster than scorpions, so we should pick out the big bugs in the pool on time.
Scorpions can't be raised without soil. Soil is helpful for scorpion digestion, especially the weathered soil is rich in trace elements and minerals, which plays a key role in scorpion growth. If scorpions stay in a soilless environment for a long time, they will lose their appetite, lose weight gradually, lose their luster and cannot peel off their skin. Under normal circumstances, some weathered soil is exposed to the sun for a few days, and then added to the pool for scorpions to eat.
Breeding insects. There are Tenebrio molitor, Eupolyphaga sinensis, centipede and so on. These insects have strong reproductive ability, fast growth speed, easy reproduction and breeding, and high protein content, so they are palatable feed for scorpions. However, these insect feeds should be raised in advance to facilitate feeding scorpions when feed is scarce. Feeding insect feed to the postpartum female scorpion can make it recover as soon as possible, because this is the most palatable feed for the female scorpion.
Wild insects. There are grasshoppers, butterflies, flies, maggots, spiders and all kinds of moths. These insect feeds can be captured artificially on the hillside or under rocks in the wild, or trapped by black light at night, and then directly thrown to scorpions to let them eat freely. These insect feeds are fed to young scorpions 2 ~ 3 cm long.
Meat. Frog meat, sparrow meat, chicken, pork, etc. As long as the meat is clean and fresh, it can be directly fed to unborn pregnant scorpions and middle-aged scorpions aged 4-5, or to young scorpions with a body length of 1-2 cm. When feeding the meat feed, it should be noted that the meat feed should not be stored in the scorpion pool for too long to prevent the scorpion from dying due to diseases caused by eating, rotting, rotting and meat feed.
Mineral feed. Stone-weathered soil contains some minerals that are beneficial to scorpions. In early spring, you can spread some weathered soil on the surface of scorpion pond to let scorpions eat freely, which is also one of the indispensable feeds in early spring. Bone meal is rich in minerals and can be fed to scorpions of all ages when mixed with meat feed.
Raising scorpions in the greenhouse (or in the south), such as king scorpions and Israeli golden scorpions, can greatly shorten the growth cycle. With sufficient food and suitable conditions, young scorpions can grow into adult scorpions after 8~ 10 months. Female scorpions can reproduce twice a year, which basically changes the growth time and reproductive cycle of scorpions.
The average life span of scorpions is about 8 years, while the breeding period is about 5 years. According to the growth and development stage, it is divided into 1-7 year old scorpions and pregnant scorpions. Among them, the age of 1-7-year-old scorpions is not calculated by years, but by the number of undressing times. In the greenhouse, young scorpions can grow to 1~2 years old in about 4 days. It can grow to 2~3 instars in about 50 days, and to 3~4 instars in about 105 days. 160 days can grow to 4~5 years old; 2 15 days can grow to about 5~6 years old; You can grow to be 6-7 years old in about 280 days. Scorpions belong to animals that lie down during the day and come out at night. They like the tide and fear the wet, and they like the dark and fear the bright light. Like to live in groups, quiet, and have the habit of identifying nests and groups. Most scorpions live together in fixed nests. Generally, in large groups of scorpion nests, most of them are female, male, big and small, and they live in harmony, and there are few phenomena of killing each other. But if they are not the same scorpion, they often kill each other after meeting.
Scorpions have the habit of hibernating. Generally, they go out in the middle and late April, that is, after being frightened.165438+1early October began to hibernate slowly. The annual activity time is about 6 months. During the day, scorpions usually come out from 8 pm to 1 1 after sunset and return to their nests at 2~3 am the next day. This activity pattern is generally in warm, windless and dry nights, and rarely occurs in windy weather.
Although scorpions are warm-blooded animals, they are still relatively cold-resistant and heat-resistant. The temperature of the external environment is 40℃ to MINUS 5℃, and scorpions can survive. The growth, development and reproduction of scorpions are closely related to temperature. When the temperature drops below 10℃, scorpions become less active. When the temperature is below 20℃, scorpions are not very active. The optimum temperature for their growth and development is between 25℃ and 39℃. When the temperature is 35~39℃, scorpions are the most active, and their growth and development are accelerated, and most of them mate in this temperature range. When the temperature exceeds 4 1℃, the water in the scorpion is evaporated. If the temperature is not lowered in time and the water is not replenished in time, scorpions will easily dehydrate and die. When the temperature exceeds 43℃, scorpions die quickly. The activity, growth and reproduction of scorpions are closely related to temperature, and the optimum temperature is between 35 and 38℃. Therefore, we must pay attention to mastering scorpions in artificial breeding. The growth, reproduction and reproduction of scorpions are also closely related to the humidity of the external environment.
Wild scorpions in nature, if it doesn't rain for a long time, will go underground to hide in a wet place about 1 m; When it rains, when there is water on the ground, they will climb to high places to escape. Therefore, when raising scorpions, we should pay great attention to the moisture of feed, the humidity of breeding grounds and nests. Generally speaking, the scorpion's activity place should be wet, and their nest should be slightly dry, which is conducive to the growth, reproduction and reproduction of scorpions. If the nest is too wet, it is easy to be invaded by microorganisms, and it is difficult for scorpions to shed their skin. If the scorpion's activity place is too dry and the water in the feed is insufficient, it will also affect the normal growth and development of scorpions, and even induce mutual harm and killing.
Scorpions like darkness and are afraid of light, especially the stimulation of strong light, but in order to absorb the heat of the sun, improve digestion, accelerate growth and development, and facilitate the incubation process of pregnant scorpions, they also need a certain degree of light. According to reports and observations, scorpions have a positive tropism to weak light and a negative tropism to strong light, but they like to move in weak green light best.
Scorpions have a strong aversion to all kinds of strong smells, such as paint, gasoline, kerosene, asphalt, chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, quicklime and so on. This shows that their sense of smell is very sensitive, and the stimulation of these substances is very unfavorable and even fatal to scorpions. Scorpions are also very sensitive to all kinds of strong vibrations and sounds, and sometimes even scare them away, stopping eating, mating, tail, reproduction, childbirth and so on.
Scorpions are carnivores, feeding on various arthropods, such as insects and terrestrial mollusks, especially soft and juicy small animals rich in protein. Nymphs, crickets, ground beetles, slugs, Tenebrio molitor, rice borers and corn borers who like to eat all kinds of spiders, centipedes and locusts; Cricket is the most ideal scorpion bait under artificial propagation conditions. Fresh meat, such as pork, beef, fish, frog meat and other scorpions also like to eat, but do not eat cooked food. Scorpions will kill each other in the case of lack of food, water, dryness or excessive living density.
Scorpions are female, male, exotic, physical, sexual, cooked and cooked scorpions twice a year. Once in May-June, this is called "prenatal estrus"; Once, after the mother scorpion gave birth to the young scorpion, the young scorpion quickly left the back of the mother scorpion and became estrus after about August. This is called "childbirth, postpartum, estrus". After the female scorpion is in estrus, especially after the first estrus, the male scorpion must be caught and released immediately for mating and mating. In a nest of scorpions, the ratio of male to female is generally 3: 1, that is, "3 females 1 male".