Engineering project control refers to the comparison of investment target value, progress target value and quality target value with actual investment expenditure value, actual progress value and actual quality value in the process of project implementation. If deviation from the target is found, corrective measures are taken to ensure the realization of the overall goal of the project, which is the dynamic control of the project.
Entrusted by the owner, the supervisor shall supervise and manage the implementation of the project according to the contract. Control is the core of supervision work. Fundamentally speaking, without control, there is no supervision. Control is an important guarantee and necessary means to achieve the goal of construction supervision. In order to make the supervision control in project construction effective, we must adhere to the procedural, standardized and scientific control.
Responsibilities of supervision work
The supervision of construction projects is not only the construction supervision. The responsibilities of supervision work generally include: providing decision-making suggestions on major issues of project construction for the construction unit, assisting the construction unit in project design, production equipment and construction bidding, managing project design, production equipment supply and construction contract, managing project progress and quality, controlling investment expenditure and reasonably paying project funds. The main job of the supervision engineer is to effectively control the investment, progress and quality of the project. To truly control the three major objectives, the construction unit is required to give the supervision engineer full power in the supervision contract. Some construction units do not give supervision engineers visa payment rights and investment control rights, but only let them manage the progress and quality, which greatly weakens the status and role of supervision engineers, deviates from the objectives of engineering supervision, and thus reduces the benefits that supervision can bring.
Insisting on standardized management is the basis of doing a good job in management and control.
Standardized management of supervision mainly refers to transforming the content of "three controls, two controls and one coordination" from form to content into standardized management and control, so that every step of work has unified regulations and requirements, standard basis and qualitative and quantitative measurement standards. Standards are the limits of arbitrariness, so they are the basis of control. The standardized management of supervision projects is generally summarized as three standardized management contents: image standardized management, site standardized management and document standardized management. The standardized management of "image" is to express the supervision organization, the purpose of supervision work, the responsibilities of supervision personnel, the supervision work procedures, the duty system of supervision personnel and the quality system of contractors in a certain image form, so as to understand the general situation of supervision work at a glance from the image. "On-site" standardized management means that pre-control, process monitoring, re-inspection and signing-off all have prescribed procedures, unified content requirements, clear job responsibilities, relevant unified standards and unified charts, so that there are daily supervision diaries, weekly coordination meeting minutes and monthly supervision reports. These diaries, minutes and monthly reports all have unified standards and specifications and prescribed project contents. Standardize the management of "documents", including classifying documents according to unified specifications and putting them into boxes and cabinets according to unified standards, so as to be timely, accurate and complete. The content of supervision standardization management can be divided into two aspects: supervision internal management standardization and external control standardization. First, the standardization of internal management is the further improvement of supervision rules and regulations, which is operable. It is to standardize the operational behavior and personal behavior of internal organizations, so that the good and bad behaviors of internal organizations and individuals can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively, thus establishing a competitive incentive mechanism that rewards the superior and punishes the inferior, and the survival of the fittest, which is the internal guarantee and foundation for doing a good job in supervision and control; Secondly, the standardization of external control mainly transforms the project quality, progress, payment and settlement, information and contract management into standardized control and management, and requires the construction contractor to plan, implement, check, rectify, pay and complete the project implementation plan according to the standardized control requirements specified by the supervisor. At the same time, if these standardized management is recognized by the owner, as long as the supervision is carried out according to the standardization, the quality of the supervision work will have a scale to distinguish right from wrong and objectively evaluate the supervision work, so it is a basic work to do a good job of control.
Supervision work mode
The frequently mentioned on-site supervision means that the supervisors supervise the technological operation of the construction process in the process of construction supervision, so as to avoid the behavior that does not meet the construction specifications and design requirements and the emergence of construction quality problems. Now, some people regard whether supervisors can stand by and supervise at any time, especially when pouring concrete, as the standard to evaluate the quality of supervision projects. Taking the on-site command and supervision of supervisors as the most important means to ensure the construction quality is actually a distortion of the work objectives of supervisors. Supervisors should focus most of their energy on the careful consideration of supervision in advance and the implementation of process control measures, formulate a relatively perfect quality assurance system and monitoring system, and give full play to the inspection and supervision responsibilities of supervisors in quality process control. Supervision activities are highly intelligent technical consulting services. Too much emphasis on site supervision will reduce the responsibility of supervisors and the sense of responsibility of managers of the construction party.
The ability that supervision engineer should have
The knowledge structure of supervision engineer includes four aspects: technology, management, economy and law. In terms of technology, in addition to being familiar with the design and construction management of the specialty and solving the technical problems of the specialty, the supervision engineer can also prepare the general budget and pre-tender estimate of the specialty, formulate, negotiate and manage the engineering contract. The supervision engineer should also have rich practical experience in engineering construction, certain professional education and broad theoretical basis. Supervision engineers must undergo retraining before they can obtain qualifications. Many developed countries have strict regulations on the age and length of service of supervisors. However, at present, many companies employ supervision engineers without paying attention to their knowledge structure and ability, which can not achieve the purpose of engineering supervision.
Construction safety supervision
Many construction units invite supervision mainly for quality supervision, and pay little attention to safety supervision. Supervisors also carry out supervision according to the requirements of the construction unit, and few people insist on performing supervision duties. In fact, engineering quality and construction safety are unified, which are two eternal themes of engineering construction. Work quality is the guarantee of product quality, product quality is the reflection of work quality to a certain extent, and safety is the concrete embodiment of work quality. It can be said that the construction is unsafe and the quality of the project is difficult to guarantee.
Quality inspection of finished product protection in supervision
During the construction process, some sub-projects have been completed, while others are still under construction, or some sub-projects have been completed and others are under construction. If proper measures are not taken to protect the finished product, it will cause damage and affect the quality. Supervisors should regularly check the protection quality of finished products, and require the construction unit to take "protection, package, cover and seal" protection measures for finished products. At present, this work needs to be further strengthened.
Supervision of water, heating, electricity and other majors
Many construction units only pay attention to the supervision of civil engineering majors, but not other non-civil engineering majors. Some units only employ civil engineering supervision engineers, which is actually wrong. For example, the piping construction of wire and tube is not only large in engineering quantity, but also involves a wide range, and most of them are embedded. Once problems occur, it is difficult to remedy them, especially the quality supervision of high-rise water, heating and electrical equipment construction and installation should be paid more attention to.
Start and end time of supervision
A construction project should be supervised at the preparatory stage of the project, rather than waiting until the formal construction. In the decision-making stage, the supervision unit can assist the feasibility study unit to collect information on social, economic and natural conditions. The supervision unit has the responsibility of supervision and guidance. In the feasibility study, we should help solve the key problems such as why, when, how, how much to invest and how to benefit from investment. We should also pay attention to the supervision in the final stage of the project, and the supervision during the warranty period is also an integral part of the supervision, which is also very important. Warranty supervision mainly includes: determination of warranty period, inspection of project status, determination of quality responsibility, supervision and inspection of warranty work. However, many units stop supervision after the project is completed and accepted, leaving only one person to do the aftermath, so it is difficult to ensure the completion of the task during the warranty period.
Supervision fee
Supervision fee is the guarantee to complete the supervision work. At present, the supervision in our country is not completely standardized, and the standard of supervision fee is relatively low. However, most construction units are still unwilling to pay according to the national standards, and some of them are even far from each other, which can not guarantee the full completion of supervision duties and project quality. In short, in order to do a good job in construction project supervision, we must first increase publicity so that the whole society can understand and attach importance to supervision. Secondly, the use of administrative, legal and economic means to carry out supervision, pay close attention to the construction of supervision laws and regulations, expand supervision training, expand the supervision team and improve the quality of supervision. In addition, it is necessary to realize the institutionalization, industrialization and internationalization of supervision, make it an important force in the construction field, and make contributions to improving the quality of construction projects.
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