9. 1. 1 the concept and composition of information culture
The word "culture" comes from the Book of Changes, which means "educated culture" and "martial arts of Confucian classics". Culture is the symbol of social civilization and the embodiment of social spirit. British anthropologist E.B. Taylor believes that a culture or civilization in a broad sense of ethnology is a complex whole, including knowledge, belief, art, morality, law, customs and all other abilities and habits that people have acquired as members of society. 1982, UNESCO defined "culture" at the World Cultural Policy Conference in Mexico City, holding that culture can be regarded as a comprehensive whole composed of the remarkable characteristics of a society or social group in spirit, material, rationality and emotion, which includes not only art and literature, but also lifestyle, basic human rights, value system, traditions and beliefs.
Broadly speaking, culture can be divided into four levels: material culture, institutional culture, behavioral culture and spiritual culture. Material culture is the sum of human material production, life and products, and it is the foundation of the whole cultural creation; Institutional culture is the social relations concluded by people in the process of social practice and the normative system used to adjust these relations; Behavior culture is a habitual pattern formed by people in the process of communication, which has distinct national or regional characteristics; Spiritual culture is people's spiritual life style and ideology.
Information culture is a special manifestation of culture in the information society, and it is the material and spiritual wealth created by people relying on information resources, information platform, information economy and the whole life cycle of information in social activities. According to the four levels of culture, information culture can be divided into four aspects (Figure 9. 1):
(1) Material information culture is the foundation of information culture, which includes information resource system and information technology system.
(2) Social Norms Information culture is the moral norm and legal system of human information activities in the information society, and it is the basic basis and overall requirement of social information activities. The specific content includes information ethics and information laws and regulations.
(3) The information culture of behavior is a regular display of human information needs and information behaviors in the information society, commonly known as information exchange and management agreement. It is a combination of individual, national and regional characteristics and universal laws in the whole process of information life cycle, forming an information behavior model with human charm and influence.
Figure 9. 1 Composition of information culture
(4) Spiritual Idea Information culture is the core of information culture, and it is the concentrated expression of information consciousness and accomplishment of internalization of human individual and group spirit.
These four forms of information culture have obvious hierarchy, and the information culture of material form and social norms is the materialized basis of generalized information culture; The information culture of behavior and spiritual concept is a rational analysis of information culture.
9. 1.2 General characteristics of information culture
The characteristics of information culture include two aspects: generality and times. The general characteristics of information culture refer to the most essential and basic characteristics of behavior and spiritual concept, which has the stability of information culture in historical period; The epochal characteristics of information culture refer to the reality and concreteness of information culture in a certain historical period, which reflects the epochal characteristics of information culture in real social life.
From the development of information culture, information culture has roughly experienced five stages: oral culture, written culture, printing culture, electronic culture and network culture. In addition to the characteristics of all other cultures, information culture also has the following characteristics:
(1) dynamic opening. Information enjoyment is the biggest feature of information culture, information right is the fundamental guarantee of information activities, and information exchange is the material basis of information continuation. Information culture is a dynamic and open system, which enables different ideas, concepts, knowledge and technology to coexist and continue to develop.
(2) immediate development. Information culture is the unity of inheritance and innovation, and keeping pace with the times is the embodiment of vitality and permeability of information culture.
(3) technology promotion. Information culture is a highly technical social and cultural form, and information technology has become the main tool and important way for information resources to play a role in society.
9. 1.3 times information cultural characteristics
Contemporary information culture is a collection of oral culture, written culture, printing culture, electronic culture and network culture, which has the characteristics of mixed culture. Due to the rapid development of the Internet, the digital earth and virtual society with the characteristics of the information age came into being, and gradually formed distinctive characteristics of the times:
(1) communication is convenient. With the help of information platform, the political, economic, cultural and interpersonal communication speed of human beings in the information society is accelerated, the effect is strengthened, the contact is close and the cost is reduced. As an information platform in the information society, Internet provides convenience for information exchange.
(2) Moral pluralism. In the information society, social morality presents the characteristics of all-round development from dependent morality to independent morality, from closed morality to open morality, from unitary morality to pluralistic morality, and from human and social freedom.
(3) The organization is decentralized. Information culture has not only brought about social changes, but also brought about management revolution. In the information society, great changes have taken place in the organizational structure, and virtual organizational forms have emerged. The virtualization of organizational form will inevitably lead to the decentralization of organizational "entity", which will lead to managers' new working ideas, new working forms and new cooperative relations, and affect people's behavior from the psychological level.
(4) Individualization of life. In the information society, moral pull and technical support promote the personalized development of life. As a result, personalized characteristics such as personalized demand, customized products, independent management, and private communication came into being, which made personal wishes more satisfied, personal lifestyle more respected, and personal spiritual feelings more vented.
(5) The structure is complex. In the information society, technological openness, political multipolarization, economic integration, cultural crossing and other factors have complicated the development of social structure, and there have been more social stratification trends with technical significance standards.