Keywords: project, project cost, whole process, management control
With the establishment and development of market economy, the concept of project cost management and control in construction industry has also undergone major changes. The traditional cost management mode and method formed under the planned economy can no longer meet the needs of the ever-changing construction market.
Doing a good job in project cost management is the most basic work of construction project and an effective means to improve investment benefit and management effect. This paper attempts to discuss some problems that need to be paid attention to in the whole process management from the aspects of the establishment of cost target control system, design stage, bidding stage, construction management stage and completion settlement.
1 Establishment of cost target control system
1. 1 Set the goal-the basic idea of the target cost method: set the target cost and decompose it layer by layer according to the standard cost tree; Then, by implementing the budget plan to departments and actions, the target will be transformed into an executable action plan, and the actual results will be compared with the target in the implementation process to find out the gap, analyze the reasons and formulate improvement measures. Factors affecting the accuracy of target cost formula;
1) The project schedule is too tight.
2) Lack of standardized target cost measurement system. Establish a standardized process: define how to estimate the cost in the project development stage! Calculate how to complete the expansion of planning and design, the detailed revision of target cost in each stage of design and construction design, and form the final target cost to guide the use and management of costs in bidding, construction, procurement and other business activities.
1.2 Clarifying job responsibilities-responsibility cost system The responsibility cost system includes five elements, namely, responsibility scope, responsible department, relevant departments, assessment indicators and assessment departments. After completing the definition of the above five elements, we can establish the basic framework of the responsibility cost system, thus in the organizational structure! Ensure the smooth implementation of the target cost. Put the responsibility into the post, put the responsibility into the people, and try to reduce the decoupling between the goal and the implementation! The appearance of the phenomenon.
1.3 subsequent implementation-dynamic cost method: dynamic cost of one center and three main lines = contract cost+non-contract cost+cost to be processed. Contract cost is the most changeable part of dynamic cost, and its high variability determines that it is the most important part of cost control, while non-contract cost is relatively easy to control.
It is precisely because of the uncertainty of the project contract that the complexity of cost control is caused, which is reflected in the actual business and manifested as a black hole of change! Overpayment! The phenomenon of out-of-control costs frequently appears. Therefore, the contract must be the center in cost management.
Three main lines: dynamic cost-actual cost-paid cost. Dynamic cost! Reflect the comprehensive cost and structural distribution of the project at any time; Actual cost refers to the number of projects approved at present, and the comparison with dynamic cost can reflect the overall progress of the project; Paid cost! Refers to the actual payment, and the actual cost! The comparison reflects the progress of payment, including payable and paid.
These three main lines can well reflect the whole picture of project cost execution.
2 in the project design stage of cost management
At present, the main problems in the project design stage are:
1) Frequent design changes.
2) Technical design and construction drawing design lack competition mechanism, design units are under no pressure, and the enthusiasm for cost control is not high.
3) The design process is complicated, with long cycle and high cost.
In view of the outstanding problems in cost control in the design stage, we can mainly consider the following measures:
1) introduce competition mechanism, carry out scheme competition, and implement the design bidding method combining project cost with design scheme.
2) Change the design charging method and implement the design quality reward and punishment system.
3) Actively implement the design supervision system. Strengthen the supervision and review of design, give full play to the advantages of supervision units in talent and technology, and supervise the whole design process, so as to optimize the design scheme of the project, improve the design quality and effectively control the cost.
4) The design unit needs to increase a group of technical and economic experts who know both technology and economy. Technical and economic experts should analyze and compare investment in time during the design process, actively feedback investment information and actively influence the design.
5) Popularize standard design. Adopting the standard universal design of national, provincial and municipal specialties can not only shorten the design cycle, but also use the standard parts to adopt the shaping process in the prefabrication plant to organize batch balanced production, which can not only improve the production efficiency, help reduce the production cost, but also speed up the construction progress and shorten the whole construction cycle.
6) Strengthen the review of construction drawings.
The content of audit is not only the intersection of professional drawings, but more importantly, it is to check the consistency between design drawings and relevant contents in investment decisions.
3 project cost management in the bidding stage
1) Strengthen the qualification examination of the construction unit, and conduct on-the-spot investigation when necessary to prevent the construction unit with poor construction quality, poor property status and poor reputation from entering the tendering unit.
2) The project is reasonably low-priced! Attention should be paid to avoid bidders bidding maliciously at a cost lower than the cost price. With the reform of engineering cost system and management mode, large-scale construction projects should actively carry out bill of quantities valuation in bidding, that is, the tenderer should calculate and provide bill of quantities according to the unified rules of bill of quantities calculation; Bidders make their own quotations according to their own technology, management level, labor productivity and market price.
4 cost management in the construction stage of the project
1) Determination and control of contract price. All the work of the project is carried out around the overall goal of the contract, so effective project management and cost control can be achieved through effective contract management.
2) In the construction stage, the key to cost control is to effectively control engineering changes. In view of the current bill of quantities quotation, the construction unit often wins the bid at a low price, claiming profits! The way of contracting projects.
3) Pursuing the effective control of project investment, perfecting the division of responsibilities and related systems in accordance with the supervision regulations and implementation rules, implementing responsibilities, and establishing and perfecting the investment control system from the project management mechanism; At the same time, do a good job in reviewing the monthly progress payment to avoid out-of-control investment.
4) On the basis of demonstrating the main construction technical schemes, new materials, new processes and new methods are widely adopted to effectively control the project investment in technical management.
5 project cost management in completion settlement
1) View the contract terms. First of all, it is necessary to check whether the completed project content meets the requirements of the contract conditions and whether the project is completed and accepted. All projects can be included in the completion settlement only after they are completed and accepted according to the contract requirements. Secondly, the project completion settlement should be reviewed according to the settlement method, valuation quota, charging standard, main material price and preferential terms agreed in the contract.
2) Check the concealed acceptance records. All concealed works need acceptance, and more than two people need visas; The project supervision should be confirmed by the supervision engineer.
3) Implement the design change visa. The original design unit issued a design change notice to modify and change the design! And modify the drawings, design, proofreading personnel signed and stamped with the official seal, the construction unit and supervision engineer review, visa approval; Major design changes shall be approved by the original examination and approval department, otherwise they shall not be included in the settlement.
4) Check the quantities according to the drawings. The engineering quantity of completion settlement is calculated according to the completion drawings, design change orders and on-site visas, and the engineering quantity is calculated according to the calculation rules stipulated by the state.
5) Strictly implement the fixed unit price. Except for the investment contract, the settlement unit price shall be implemented according to the valuation quota and valuation principle stipulated in the contract or tender, generally based on the unit price of the budget quota of Jian 'an project executed by the local (or industry) at that time, and subject to the price index and relevant regulations of the reporting period issued by the local (or industry) construction administrative department and the project cost management department.
6) Pay attention to the calculation of various expenses. The charging standard of Jian 'an project should be implemented according to the contract requirements or the cost quota of Jian 'an project used in conjunction with the pricing quota in the project construction process and relevant regulations. First, check whether the rate, price index or conversion coefficient are correct, and whether the post adjustment calculation meets the requirements, and then verify the special expenses and calculation procedures.
7) Relevant units shall participate in the inspection. Construction, supervision, design, construction and other related units responsible persons and managers should vigorously support and participate in the inspection, check and confirm the concealed works and design change visas, agree on the expenses incurred by special measures in the construction, earnestly implement the claim fees, and arbitrarily discount the overpaid project price at the time of settlement. , and in accordance with the requirements of the contract and relevant regulations, fair and just implementation of the project cost.
6 conclusion
Strengthening project cost control and management is a systematic project, which runs through all links of project construction. It is absolutely feasible to strengthen the investment management of construction projects, strictly control the project costs such as design and project cost pre-settlement, and make full use of modern management information system in the process of project cost to control the construction project cost reasonably and effectively.
References:
[1] Huang Changtie. Research on the method of controlling the project cost by the construction unit [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2009,35 (6): 262263.
[2] Zhang. Analysis on the whole process control and management measures of construction project cost [J]. Guangdong Building Materials, 2009( 8): 344346.
[3] Chen Ming. On the influence of engineering change on cost management [J]. Jiangsu Architecture, 2005( 3): 4649.
[4] Lou Dong, Yao Enfeng. Analysis of cost control methods in the process of construction organization design [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2009,35 (27): 249250.
[5] Xie Hongbin. On the Importance of Cost Control of Construction Projects [J]. Shanxi Architecture, 2009,35 (27): 24243.
[6] He Fengxian. Analysis and discussion on effective control and management measures of project cost in the early stage of construction project [J]. Guangdong Building Materials, 2009( 8): 338340.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd