Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was born here. He is the first 14 child in the family, and people are very close (n √): very close. He is properly called "Mijia".
When Mendeleev was born, his father's eyes suddenly went blind, and he was forced to resign as the headmaster of the middle school. The burden of supporting the whole family falls on the mother alone.
My uncle couldn't bear the poverty of Mendeleev's family, so he gave his shabby glass factory to Mendeleev's family. With her wisdom and hard-working spirit, mother repaired the factory and produced all kinds of glassware for the hospital. This makes the life of the whole family gradually easier.
Mendeleev has grown up and is sensible. His father asked him to read at home, but he just wanted to go to the factory with his mother and see for himself how those crystal clear and grotesque glassware (mǐn) were made. Mom had to take him.
When he first arrived at the factory, Mendeleev felt fresh about everything and often pestered the workers to ask questions. The workers also like this lively and lovely little guy and often lead him around (y not u).
Once, Mendeleev followed an uncle named Maxim to the glass bottle workshop. He saw the workers holding long iron pipes into the stove and then pulling them out quickly. When they blew hard, a red bubble appeared at the other end, thick before and thin after. After a while, the red bubble turned into a transparent glass bottle.
"ah! What is this? " Mendeleev cocked his head and blinked. He thought for a long time, but he didn't understand. He curiously asked Maxim:
"Uncle, how can a glass bottle be blown out of an iron pipe?"
"You can't blow it by light!" Uncle Maxim smiled and shook his head. "That's because the other end of the iron pipe is immersed in the solution in the furnace."
"What is a solution?" Mendeleev asked.
"It is made by mixing sand, limestone, soda ash and other raw materials (chān) and burning them in the furnace."
"oh! I see. " Mendeleev nodded and asked, "Why can these solutions become transparent glass? Can it become transparent glass when mixed with other things? "
"That won't do!" Uncle Maxim waved and said:
"After mixing other things to melt, you can't turn into glass! Maybe it will turn into a pile of stones! "
"Why is that?"
"Why, I don't understand. Go home and ask your father. He is well-read and knowledgeable. "
Back home, after his father's explanation, Mendeleev not only initially understood the truth of making glass bottles, but also became interested in chemistry.
184 1 that autumn, Xiaomi Jia's brother Paul was going to apply for Tobolsk Middle School, and Mendeleev's father was the principal of this middle school.
When Xiaomi Jia heard that his younger brother was going to middle school, he immediately pursed his mouth and looked like he was going to cry.
"My brother went to school. What can I do if I stay at home alone? "
Seeing Xiao Mijia's aggrieved face, her mother quickly pulled him to her side and comforted her, saying, "Xiao Mijia, it doesn't matter. Mom is discussing with your father to let you and your brother go to middle school together! " Mother lovingly stroked Mijia's head with her hand. "Go out to play with your friends."
Because Mija is young, Tobolsk Middle School, which is famous for its strictness, has strict requirements for students' admission. In order to let the talented Mijia enter school early, my mother hopes her husband can go to school to talk.
Father, accompanied by his mother, explained the school situation. Fortunately, Tobolsk Middle School agreed to let Mijia and Paul take the exam at the same time. However, the school has two additional conditions: Mijia's grades must be excellent in order to be admitted to the school. If Mijia is successfully admitted to the school, he must study in Grade One for two years until he is eight years old before he can continue his studies in Grade Two. Seeing that the two sons can finally sign up together, parents are very pleased: like it, rest assured …
Then there is a rigorous exam. Mijia's performance was excellent, which was unexpected by her mother Maria and was affirmed and praised by the principal. In the autumn of 184 1, Mijia and his brother Paul received the admission notice from Tobolsk Middle School at the same time, and they both entered the long-awaited middle school and started their normal school life.
After Mendeleev graduated from Tobolsk Middle School, what should he do next? Parents are of course proud of their son's talent and quality. They want their children to have a bright future, and they expect their beloved son to continue to receive higher education.
However, some changes in the family almost made Mendeleev's dream of continuing his studies a bubble. 1in the autumn of 847, my blind father died in a hurry because of Hu à n tuberculosis. A few months later, the pillar of the family, mother's right-hand man doing housework, Mendeleev's sister Apolina Yali also died. My mother's glass factory is also facing a crisis because it can't stand the impact of the market.
The glass factory opened by my mother suddenly caught fire, and my mother worked hard as a result. The surviving factory was razed to the ground in an instant and the whole factory was reduced to ashes. This cut off the only source of income for the whole family.
However, all this has not shaken the mother's original intention-to send her son to college and cultivate him into a person who contributes to the country and the nation. Mendeleev became more stable and mature because of all kinds of family misfortunes. He realized that his mother's expectations of himself were so urgent, so he studied harder and seemed to have endless motivation in his heart.
After arranging the lives of other children, the strong mother sold her possessions, packed her things and left her hometown of Tobolsk with Mendeleev and her unmarried little daughter Yelitovita. They got into the carriage and ran to Moscow, the capital of the Russian Empire.
The mother and son came to Moscow through thick and thin with enthusiasm, but Moscow greeted them with indifference from thousands of miles away. It's simple. According to the enrollment brochure of Moscow University at that time, it only enrolled middle school graduates from Moscow school district, while Tobolsk Middle School graduated from Mendeleev belonged to Kazan school district, and Mendeleev could only apply for Kazan University.
In order to send her son to the ideal Moscow University for further study, mother Maria had to travel all over Moscow. She went to her husband's friends one by one and asked her parents' brothers to help Mendeleev take the entrance exam. Finally, she found the then Minister of Education. But all these efforts were to no avail: it didn't help ... I decided to try Petersburg, because my husband had many good friends, was also the cultural center of Russia, and had many famous institutions of higher learning.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/850, my mother Maria came to Petersburg with her two children.
My mother has been running around for several days, and she devoted all her efforts to her son's entry into colleges and universities to complete his studies.
After preparation, Mendeleev lived up to expectations and was admitted to medical school with excellent results. The news made the family happy for several days.
Shortly after entering the school, Mendeleev was terrified when he heard from his tutor that he would arrange an anatomy class. That's what he faced when he was admitted to medical school! It's too far away from the doubts I saw when I was playing in the factory as a child. Although Mendeleev has no strong interest in medicine, he usually insists on taking anatomy classes to see if he has any development potential.
Chàn Mendeleev couldn't help shivering when he came to the autopsy room. Seeing the parked body, Mendeleev silently gave himself words of courage, stood with his classmates and watched the teacher demonstrate. Suddenly, a pool (tān) of crimson things caught people's eyes. It's blood Mendeleev quickly turned his head, but it was too late. The intense stimulation made him faint. Fortunately, there are several classmates around, helping him to send him to the door to rest. No matter how Mendeleev adjusted himself, he still felt strong nausea, headache and weakness, as if he were about to fall.
Mendeleev returned home, but his condition has not been adjusted. Mother comforted Mendeleev a few words, hoping that he could face the difficulties well. Mendeleev also tried to restrain himself, but when he stepped into the autopsy room the next day, he couldn't hold on for half a minute. As it turns out, Mendeleev was born unfit for medical research.
The mother has to rush about for her son's admission again.
Finally, with the help of my good friend, the president of Petersburg Teachers College, my mother got a special opportunity from the Ministry of Education: as long as Mendeleev can pass all kinds of exams, she can enter school. Mendeleev finally seized the fleeting opportunity and rekindled the hope of stepping into the scientific research hall. He was admitted to the Department of Physical Mathematics of Petersburg Teachers College with excellent results, and received a special government allowance (J ο n)-tuition and fees, room and board (shàn) were free. In this way, Mendeleev can study in Petersburg with peace of mind.
Mendeleev was really like a duck to water when he was studying in Petersburg Teachers College: it is a metaphor to get a person who is congenial to him or an environment suitable for him. He absorbs all kinds of nutrients in the ocean of knowledge.
This university has only 100 people and belongs to the famous University of Petersburg, so most of the courses here are taught by teachers sent by the University of Petersburg, including many famous scientists. Because of the small number of students, students and teachers get along well and can learn from each other anytime and anywhere, which makes students make rapid progress.
Here, Mendeleev is most happy with his teachers, who brought Mendeleev into the sacred palace of scientific research.
The famous mathematician Mikhail Ostro Radeski, the founder of the Petersburg School of Mathematics, and the famous physicist Miri Hurley Sinovic Lenz, the proponent of electromagnetic induction theory, had a great influence on Mendeleev. Their simple explanation made Mendeleev interested in mathematics and mechanics. Scepan Coutor, a geologist and professor of mineralogy known as "natural experimenter", was warmly welcomed by students for his profound knowledge and unparalleled eloquence. His class fascinates students, and a class often ends unconsciously.
Mendeleev is one of Kutoga's most enthusiastic students. Every time he always sits in the front row, he can write down Kutoga's lectures word for word. After a semester, Mendeleev recorded the classroom transcripts of six major books.
Opportunities are always reserved for those who are prepared.
"Micah classmate, would you like to go to the summer vacation with me? I have an appointment with some teachers to travel to the Caucasus. The main purpose of this visit is to investigate the minerals and plants there. But we lack an assistant who is willing to start work and good at collecting specimens. I asked everyone's opinion, and everyone mentioned you. I hope you can be our assistant. " Kutorga warmly invited Mendeleev.
"Thank you, Mr. Kutoga. If I can go out with you for an inspection, that's my dream, but I hope I can finish the task you gave me. " Mendeleev agreed with great pleasure.
In this way, Mendeleev accompanied Kutoga and three other teachers from Petersburg University to travel around the Caucasus. Their long journey is climbing mountains and wading, describing the hardships of the journey. The progress is very smooth and many achievements have been made.
Mendeleev took advantage of this summer trip, not only learned a lot of knowledge and experience from the teacher, but also increased his knowledge of natural history and broadened his horizons.
1857 65438+ 10 In October, Mendeleev, who was only 22 years old, was approved as an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry of Petersburg University. This news caused a sensation in the chemical field of Petersburg and even the whole of Russia. Everyone thinks that this associate professor will be the best successor to the Russian chemical authority-Jining and Vazko Lesensky.