Teenagers are emotionally and physically dependent on their families for survival. Because parents' tolerance for behavior will affect their perspective, it is very important to involve other family members, especially parents, in the consultation or treatment process. Then, the following is a case study of adolescent depression that I compiled for you. Welcome to read and browse.
The manifestations and forming factors of adolescent depression
1) The manifestations of adolescent depression
According to clinical observation and medical and psychological research, adolescent depression usually has the following common manifestations: eating disorder, sleep disorder and inexplicable crying. In addition, physical discomfort, such as headache and lower abdominal pain, may be symptoms of depression, while other disturbing behaviors, such as behavioral problems, aggression and ADHD, may be teenagers trying to hide their depression and protect themselves from despair. Suicide is related to depression and poses a serious threat to the lives of teenagers. Adolescent alcoholism and other drug abuse that can change mood are also symptoms of depression. Of course, the research on adolescent depression and its manifestations at home and abroad is still in-depth, especially the causal relationship or correlation between adolescent depression and other adolescent problems, which is an important topic to be discussed.
2) Factors of adolescent depression.
Medical and psychological circles at home and abroad are still exploring the causes of adolescent depression. It is generally believed that biological, cognitive and family dysfunction are closely related to adolescent depression, and many social work interventions are based on these assumptions.
Medical and biological studies show that compared with non-depressed adolescents, the urinary metabolites and adrenal gland secretion of the former seem to be somewhat different. Due to the rapid growth and changes of teenagers, they have not yet established and organically connected with the biological related factors in adulthood.
In recent 20 years, it has been found that adolescents' negative self-cognition plays an important role in depression. Many teenagers suffering from depression also have a tendency or performance of inferiority complex. Teenagers' cognitive skills are necessary to evaluate the situation and choose behavior. Teenagers who lack problem-solving skills cannot correctly identify problems or develop alternative problem-solving methods, and they will be at greater risk of depression than those who have appropriate problem-solving skills.
Family environment is also an important variable that affects adolescents' depression. The main viewpoints and conclusions in this regard are as follows:
1) Adolescent depression actually develops after observing the depression of important people, especially family members.
2) Intergenerational ideological and emotional disorders can be contagious. If parents are diagnosed with mental illness, their children will be regarded as a high-risk group. However, isolation, lack of social support, abuse and other problems will make teenagers have a higher risk of depression than their parents with mental illness.
3) The increasing economic pressure faced by families, the lack of reliable and stable educational facilities in society, the abuse and neglect of teenagers, divorce, the absence of fathers and lack of investment all have an impact on teenagers' depression.
4) Adolescent depression is also related to the serious conflict between parents in the family.
Social Work Intervention on Adolescent Depression
There are usually three kinds of social work intervention methods for adolescent depression: behavioral intervention, cognitive intervention and family service.
The purpose of behavior intervention is to make concrete and measurable changes in the problem behavior of depressed teenagers. For example, depressed teenagers who have extroverted behavior (aggression or destructiveness) will be rewarded if they can sit quietly; Depressed teenagers with introverted behavior (withdrawn and quiet) will be rewarded for talking to people or participating in activities, and will be punished for refusing to contact people.
The skills used in cognitive intervention include: cognitive reorganization, role imitation, problem solving, behavior drills, etc. Cognitive reorganization involves the change of teenagers' thinking mode. According to the basic hypothesis of cognitive intervention methods, depression is considered to be the result of wrong ideas and thinking processes. Distorted thinking, such as: unable to learn from experience; Or draw inappropriate conclusions with inappropriate evidence; Or exaggerating the importance of a single event, etc., will enhance the depression of teenagers. However, if we change our mode of thinking, practice new ways of thinking, understand the consequences and explore alternatives to solve problems, then some negative self-views of the parties will be eliminated.
The necessary and sufficient condition for effective intervention for depressed adolescents is family participation. Teenagers are emotionally and physically dependent on their families for survival. Because parents' tolerance for behavior will affect their perspective, it is very important to involve other family members, especially parents, in the consultation or treatment process. In the whole family-oriented service, the staff need to visit, observe and evaluate the families of depressed teenagers in depth, and when necessary, the staff also need to use resources outside the family to promote the changes of the parties and their families. Even if you use specific treatment techniques, such as behavioral therapy, you need the active participation of your family. Chaos, entanglement and conflict, and disordered families will all hinder the change of depressed teenagers. Therefore, the improvement of family environment factors, such as the relationship between parents, the interaction between parents and generations, parents' cognition and behavior, etc. It must be carried out at the same time as the treatment of adolescent depression, then the treatment of adolescent depression can achieve the ideal effect.
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