Psychological color
The colors observed in daily life are greatly influenced by psychological factors, that is, the visual sense of psychological colors is formed. Zaise
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In metrology, the name of color is tristimulus value (x, y, z); (R，G，B)； Tone, brightness, purity, dominant wavelength, etc. However, in the production, it is customary to use pink, golden yellow, green, sky blue, bright or not, shades, fresh and not fresh. These popular expressions are not as accurate as colorimetry, and their names are not uniform. According to their similarity, these names can be roughly divided into three groups. Summarize hue, color light and color expression into a group; Brightness, lightness, depth, lightness and darkness, the hierarchical performance is summarized as a group; Saturation, freshness, purity, chromaticity, color correctness and so on are summarized as a group. Such grouping is just a feeling, there is no strict definition, and their meanings are not exactly the same.
For example, hue is not equal to color light, lightness is not equal to brightness, and saturation is not equal to purity, freshness and depth. But when judging color, they are also three variables, which can roughly correspond to the three variables in colorimetry. The dominant wavelength corresponds to the hue. It is often said that red has a certain wavelength range, and red is only an area on the chromaticity diagram. People will never call 500nm monochromatic light red. Brightness in colorimetry corresponds to lightness, brightness, subjective lightness, lightness, lightness, hierarchy and so on. In the same background, the color with low brightness is always darker than the color with high brightness. Purity in colorimetry corresponds to saturation, freshness, chromaticity, purity and so on.
Although the name of psychological color vision corresponds to several physical quantities in colorimetry, this correspondence is not a simple proportional relationship, nor is it a one-to-one correspondence. There are many different characteristics between them. For example, purity in colorimetry can be divided into stimulus purity and chromaticity purity. It is considered that the purity of white light is zero, and the purity of all monochromatic light (whether stimulus purity or chromaticity purity) is 1. Chromaticity purity is defined as the proportion of monochromatic light contained in colored light, indicating the proximity of a color to neutral color or white light. When psychological color vision distinguishes colored light from neutral color, it thinks that the purity of each monochromatic light is not the same. For the same monochromatic light, there is little difference among yellow, green and white light, but there is significant difference among red, blue and white light. So psychologically, although yellow light is monochromatic, its purity is lower than blue light. These psychological differences between color and white light are usually called saturation to distinguish them from chromaticity purity. Psychological light can be divided into two kinds, one is connected with the object and the other is not connected with the object. For example, when observing the surface of an object through a small hole, the observer can't see the object and can't judge the brightness by touching the object, but it is also different from the brightness in colorimetry. In order to separate the brightness of the object surface from the brightness in colorimetry, it is called lightness.
In terms of color mixing, psychological color and chromaticity color are also different. When you see orange, you will think it is a mixture of red and yellow, and when you see purple, you will think it is a mixture of blue and red. But when you see yellow light, you don't think yellow light can be a mixture of red light and green light. In psychological color vision, all colors "look" cannot be mixed with other colors. Generally speaking, there is orange with yellow in red, blue-green in green and grass green in green, but there is no blue in yellow or green in red.
Therefore, psychologically, colors are divided into red, yellow, green and blue, which are called four primary colors. Usually red, green, yellow and blue are called psychological complementary colors. No one can imagine that white is a mixture of these four primary colors, while black cannot be mixed with other colors. Therefore, red, yellow, green and blue, plus white and black, become the six basic feelings of psychological color perception. Although physically black is the situation that human eyes are not exposed to light, psychologically many people think that exposure to light is just a feeling, and black is indeed a feeling.
black
Symbolizing authority, elegance, low-key and creativity; It also means persistence, indifference and defense, depending on the style and style of clothing. Black is the favorite of most executives or white-collar professionals. You can wear black when you need extreme authority, professionalism, taste, inattention or want to concentrate on something, such as the daily dress of executives, hosting demonstrations, public speeches, writing business plans, creating works and engaging in work related to "beauty" and "design".
grey
It symbolizes sincerity, composure and elegance. Among them, iron ash, charcoal ash and dark ash invisibly send out a strong message of wisdom, success and authority; Medium gray and light gray have the silence of philosophers. When the texture of gray clothes is not good, the whole person will look dull and listless, and even cause the illusion of being sloppy and unclean. Grey is authoritative and accurate, and is especially loved by financial professionals. When you need to show wisdom, success, authority, sincerity, seriousness and composure, you can appear in gray clothes.
white
Symbolizes purity, sacredness, kindness, trust and openness; But the white area on the car body is too big, which will give people a feeling of alienation and fantasy. When you need to do things neatly to win trust, you can wear a white shirt, such as a basic white shirt, which is a must-have item for pink-collar people.
Navy blue (dark blue)
It symbolizes authority, conservatism, professionalism, regularity and pragmatism. When wearing navy blue, if the color matching skills are not handled well, it will give people a dull, uncreative and boring impression. Navy blue is suitable for professionals who emphasize one-on-one execution. When you want others to listen to you carefully and show professional authority, you might as well wear dark blue items, such as attending business meetings, press conferences, proposal statements, interviewing in companies with conservative corporate culture, or giving speeches on serious or traditional topics.
Brown, Brown and Brown Series
Elegance contains stable, calm, peaceful and kind images, which gives people the feeling of emotional stability and easy to get along with. If it is not well matched, it will make people feel dull, monotonous, old-fashioned and lacking in vitality. Wear brown and brown clothes when you need to be friendly, for example, when attending departmental meetings or lunch reports, when raising funds, and when doing questionnaires. Brown, brown and brown are also good choices when you don't want to show off or attract attention.
red
Red symbolizes enthusiasm, sexiness, authority and self-confidence. This is a vibrant color-complete self, complete confidence and complete attention to you. But sometimes it gives people the impression that they are bloody, violent, jealous and controlling, which is easy to cause psychological pressure, so it is not appropriate to wear red when negotiating or negotiating with others; When you expect a hot scene, please also avoid wearing red. When you want to show your confidence and authority on large occasions, you can ask red items to help you.
pink
Pink symbolizes tenderness, sweetness, romance, and no pressure, which can soften attacks and appease impetuousness. Pink, which is darker than pink, symbolizes the enthusiasm of women. Compared with the romance of pink, pink is a more free and easy color. When authority is needed, it is not advisable to wear a large area of pink, and it needs to be matched with other authoritative colors. Bright pink is easy to drown people and not suitable for large-scale use. Pink is a good choice when you want to talk business with women, propose marriage, or need endless creativity, comfort others and engage in consulting work.
orange
Orange is full of maternal love or big sister's enthusiasm, giving people a cordial, frank, cheerful and healthy feeling; Pink orange between orange and pink is a mature color in romance, which makes people feel comfortable and assured, but if it is not well matched, it will look tacky. Orange is one of the most suitable colors for social service work, especially when it needs to be as warm as the sun.
yellow
Yellow is a very bright color, which can stimulate the areas related to anxiety in the brain and has a warning effect, so rain gear and raincoat are mostly yellow. Bright yellow symbolizes confidence, intelligence and hope; Pale yellow looks naive, romantic and delicate. Mind you, bright yellow is unstable, ostentatious and even provocative, so it is not suitable for any occasion that may cause conflict, such as negotiation. Yellow is suitable for any happy occasion, such as birthday parties and homecoming. It is also suitable for wearing when you want to attract attention.
green
Green gives people unlimited sense of security and can play an important role in the coordination of interpersonal relationships. Green elephant
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Freedom, peace, freshness and comfort; Yellow-green gives people a fresh, energetic and pleasant feeling; The low lightness of grass green, dark green and olive green gives people a calm and intellectual impression. The negative meaning of green implies concealment and passivity. If you are not careful, you will feel uninspired, have no background, and easily lose the sense of group participation, so you need other colors to reconcile. Green is a color that is very suitable for participating in any environmental protection, animal protection activities and leisure activities, and it is also very suitable for diving.
blue
Blue is a color with both spirituality and intellectuality. In the test of color psychology, it is found that almost no one hates blue. The bright blue sky symbolizes hope, ideal and independence; Dark blue means honesty, trust and authority. The enthusiasm of Zhenglan and Baolan is firm and wise; Light blue and pink blue can completely relax themselves and each other. Blue is the most widely used color in art design; In terms of wearing, it is also the least taboo color. As long as it is blue that suits your "skin color attribute" and is properly matched, you can wear it with confidence. You can wear blue when you want to calm your mind, when you need to think, when you are negotiating or negotiating with others, and when you want the other person to listen to you.
purple
Purple is an elegant, romantic and philosopher-like color, but it also exudes a melancholy atmosphere. Purple light wave is the shortest and rarely seen in nature, so it is extended to symbolize noble color. Lavender romance is different from pink girlish style, but it feels noble, mysterious and unattainable like a veil. Deep purple and brilliant purple are gorgeous romance full of charm, a little wild and hard to detect. If the weather, location and people are not right, wearing purple may cause the illusion of arrogance, affectation and frivolity. If you want to be different, or to show the mystery in romance, you can wear purple clothes.
color balance
(1) Compare the global situation.
(2) The objects are different. For example, if you can see a piece of iron on the page, then the subconscious will feel the weight different from that of a grass on the page. This is our life experience.
(3) The color should not be biased to one side, otherwise it will be thin. If there is a big color in the center of the page, there must be some small colors around it. If there is an object with a certain brightness on the left, the right side can't be completely black or blank, but there must be a proper amount of bright colors.
(4) When it comes to balance, a large color block with poor purity or brightness is also balanced with a bright color block with a small area. In order to express the style of our homepage, we need to understand the concept of hue. Tone, the main color of our page. The character or emotion we want to express will be expressed on the page. Such as melancholy in cool colors, enthusiasm and happiness in warm colors. If we want to express the hue we observed, we should exaggerate, refine, emphasize and summarize.
App application
Sports diving
In the popular leisure sports diving, people need to carry oxygen cylinders. An oxygen bottle can supply oxygen for about 40 to 50 minutes, but most divers feel that they only dive for about 20 minutes after using up the oxygen in the oxygen bottle. Colorful fish and beautiful corals in the ocean can attract divers' attention, so they will feel that time passes quickly, which is one of the reasons. More importantly, the seabed is a blue world surrounded by seawater. It is blue that paralyzes the diver's sense of time and makes him feel that time is shorter than the actual time.
Lighting illumination
This phenomenon is also very common in daily life, and lighting is an example. Under the blue and white fluorescent lamp, people will feel that time passes quickly, while under the warm incandescent lamp, they will feel that time passes slowly. Therefore, if it is purely for work needs, it is best to do it under fluorescent lights. Incandescent lamps can make people feel restless for a long time. On the contrary, the bedroom is more suitable for using warm lighting equipment such as incandescent lamps, which will create a leisurely space of its own.
Fast food restaurants are not suitable for waiting for people.
Fast food restaurants generally give us the impression that there are many seats and high efficiency. The customer will leave after eating and won't stay long. Some people like to meet friends in fast food restaurants, but in fact fast food restaurants are not suitable for waiting for people. This is because the decoration of many fast food restaurants is mainly orange or red. Although these two colors can make people feel happy, excited and stimulate their appetite, they can also make people feel that it takes a long time. Waiting for people in such an environment will become more and more impatient.
A better place for dating and waiting for people should be a cool coffee shop. If it has nothing to do with color, the taste of coffee also has a relaxing effect. Waiting for your dream lover in such an environment, I believe you will not be upset after waiting for a long time.
value
Color has spiritual value.
People often feel the influence of color on their own psychology, which always works unconsciously and affects our mood. The psychological effects of color occur at different levels, some of which are direct stimuli.
Some involve indirect association, while others involve people's ideas and beliefs at a higher level.
Material psychological illusion of color
The direct psychological effect of color comes from the direct influence of physical light stimulation of color on human physiology. Psychologists have made
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In many experiments, they found that in the red environment, people's pulse will accelerate, blood pressure will rise, and emotions will be easily excited and impulsive; In the blue environment, the pulse will slow down and the mood will be calm. Some scientists have found that color can affect brain waves, and brain waves are alert to red; The reaction to blue is to relax All these experiences tell us that the influence of color on people's psychology is certain.
Cold colors and warm colors are physical classifications of colors according to psychological illusions, and the material impression of colors is roughly produced by cold colors and warm colors. Red light and orange light with long wavelength have a warm feeling, so any color will have a warm feeling. On the contrary, violet light, blue light and green light with shorter wavelengths have a cold feeling. In summer, when we turn off the incandescent lamp indoors and turn on the fluorescent lamp, we will feel cool.
Cool colors and warm colors not only bring us different temperature feelings, but also bring other feelings. Such as weight sense, humidity sense, etc. For example, the warm color is partial and the cold color is shallow; Warm colors have a strong sense of density, while cool colors have a sense of thinness; Compared with the two, the transparency of cool color is stronger and that of warm color is weaker. The cool color appears moist, and the warm color appears dry; Cool colors have the feeling of retreating, while warm colors have the feeling of approaching. These feelings are biased towards physical impressions, but they are not physical reality, but subjective impressions produced by our psychological effects, which belong to a psychological illusion.
the mood change because color change
Cold and warm tones
Red, orange and yellow often remind people of the rising sun and burning flames, so they have a warm feeling; Blue-cyan often reminds people of the sea, clear skies and shadows, so they feel cold; All colors with red, orange and yellow are warm colors; All colors with blue and cyan are cool tones. The temperature of color is also related to lightness and purity. High brightness colors generally have a cold feeling, while low brightness colors generally have a warm feeling. High-purity colors generally have a warm feeling, while low-purity colors generally have a cold feeling. In achromatic colors, white is cool, black is warm and gray is neutral.
Brightness and lightness of color
Lightness is generally determined by lightness. High brightness has a light feeling, and low brightness has a heavy feeling; White is the lightest and black is the heaviest; The color matching of low lightness tone has a heavy feeling, and the color matching of high lightness tone has a light feeling.
Soft and hard feeling of color
Color softness is related to lightness and purity. Any gray system with higher lightness has a soft feeling, and any gray system with lower lightness has a hard feeling; The higher the purity, the harder it is, and the lower the purity, the softer it is. Strong contrast tones have a sense of toughness, while weak contrast tones have a sense of softness.
Sense of power of color
High purity color sense is strong, low purity color sense is weak; Color system is stronger than colorless system, and red color system is the strongest; The feeling of high contrast is strong, and the feeling of low contrast is weak. That is, the deep picture is bright and strong, and the bright picture is dark and strong; If the depth map is not bright and dark, there is a feeling of powerlessness.
Brightness, joy and melancholy of colors
Brightness and pleasure of colors are related to melancholy and purity. Bright colors with high brightness have bright pleasure, while dark ones have it.
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Color has a melancholy feeling; The color matching of low bright tone is easy to produce melancholy, and the color matching of high bright tone is easy to produce bright pleasure; Strong contrast tone has bright pleasure, while weak contrast tone has melancholy feeling.
The excitement and calmness of color
This is related to hue, lightness and purity, among which purity plays the most obvious role. In terms of hue, all warm colors of reddish and orange have a sense of excitement, and all cool colors of bluish and cyan have a sense of calm; In terms of lightness, the color with high lightness has a sense of excitement, while the color with low lightness has a sense of calmness; In terms of purity, high-purity colors have a sense of excitement, while low-purity colors have a sense of silence. Therefore, the color with the highest brightness and purity in the warm color system has a strong sense of excitement, while the color with lower brightness and purity in the cold color system has the most sense of tranquility. Strong contrast tones have a sense of excitement, while weak contrast tones have a sense of calm.
Gorgeous and simple sense of color
This has the greatest relationship with purity, followed by lightness. All bright and bright colors have a sense of magnificence, and all turbid and gloomy colors have a sense of simplicity. Some colors have a sense of grandeur, while non-colors have a sense of simplicity. The color matching of tone contrast has a gorgeous feeling. Among them, complementary colors are the most gorgeous. Strong contrast tones have a sense of splendor, while weak contrast tones have a sense of simplicity.
Color affects mood. Pink is the most relaxing thing.
In life, people are more and more influenced by color, and home design pays great attention to the collocation of color and tone. It has been suggested that the formation of children's personality is also influenced by the color of living environment, and some colors will stimulate people's appetite. Does color really have that great influence on people's psychological mood? Why are people affected by color?
Affect sb's mood
Color affects nerves and emotions.
People's personal experience shows that color has an important influence on people's psychological activities, especially has a very close relationship with emotions.
In our daily life, entertainment activities, military activities and other fields, there are all kinds of colors that affect people's psychology and emotions. All kinds of people: ancient rulers, modern entrepreneurs, artists, advertisers and so on. Are consciously or unconsciously using color to influence and control people's psychology and emotions. People's clothes, food, housing and transportation also reflect the application of color all the time: wearing lake blue clothes in summer will make people feel cool, and turning meat into sauce red will make people more appetizing.
Psychologists believe that people's first feeling is vision, and the biggest influence on vision is color. The reason why people's behavior is influenced by color is that people's behavior is often dominated by emotions. Colors come from the natural colors of nature, such as blue sky, bright red blood and golden sun ... When you see these colors that are the same as the natural colors, you will naturally associate them with the sensory experience related to these natural objects, which is the most primitive influence. This may also be the reason why people from different regions, different countries, different nationalities and different personalities have the same feelings and experiences about certain colors.
For example, red usually brings people these feelings: excitement, enthusiasm, enthusiasm, boldness, strength, solemnity, solemnity, happiness and so on. Green is the color of grassland and forest in nature, which means that life is permanent, ideal, young, safe, fresh and peaceful, giving people a cool feeling. Blue makes people feel distant, quiet, empty, cold and so on. With the development of society, there are more and more substances that affect people's feelings about color, and people's feelings about color are becoming more and more complicated. For example, people who have experienced the Cultural Revolution and those who have not experienced the Cultural Revolution have different feelings about green.
Color will affect people's psychology and physiology.
Scientific research on the relationship between color and people's psychology and emotion shows that color will have an impact on people's psychology and physiology. Foreign scientists have found that under the irradiation of red light, human brain waves and skin electrical activity will change. Under the irradiation of red light, people's hearing sensitivity decreases and their grip strength increases. The same object looks bigger in red light than in blue light. People who run red lights react faster than ordinary workers, but their work efficiency is low.
Pink has a calming effect.
Pink symbolizes health. It is a common color for Americans and a favorite color for women. It has the function of relaxing and calming the mood. According to reports, the obvious effect of pink calming mood has been observed in the naval confinement center in Seattle, the youth home in San Bernardino, California, the psychiatric ward of the Los Angeles Veterans Hospital and the South Bronx ADHD School. For example, if a manic patient or criminal is kept alone in a room with a pink wall, the prisoner will soon be quiet; In a pink classroom, the heart rate and blood pressure of a group of students will drop.
Another research report pointed out that taking a nap in pink can make people feel weak, but staying in blue for a few seconds can recover. It has been suggested that the mechanism of pink affecting psychology and physiology is that pink light stimulates the adrenal gland through the eyes-cerebral cortex-hypothalamus-pineal gland and pituitary gland, so that the adrenal medulla secretes less adrenaline, which slows down heart activity and relaxes muscles.
Green can improve efficiency and eliminate fatigue.
Contrary to red, green can improve people's hearing sensitivity, help to concentrate thinking, improve work efficiency and eliminate fatigue. It can also slow people's breathing and lower blood pressure, but in mental hospitals, monotonous colors, especially dark green, are easy to cause hallucinations and delusions of mental patients.
In addition, other colors, such as orange, are better than the original gray or black in factory machines, which can improve production efficiency and reduce accident rate. The walls of the factory building without windows can be painted yellow, which can eliminate or alleviate the depression brought by monotonous physical labor to workers.