What do you mean by natural direct funds and indirect funds?

1. Direct funds include: equipment costs, materials costs, testing and processing costs, fuel power costs, travel/conference/international cooperation and exchange costs, publishing/literature/information dissemination/intellectual property affairs costs, labor costs, expert consultation costs and other costs.

2. Indirect expenses include: related expenses incurred by the supporting unit in the process of organizing and implementing the project, which cannot be included in the direct expenses, and are mainly used to compensate the existing equipment and houses provided by the supporting unit for the project research, water, electricity, gas and heating consumption, related management expenses and performance expenditures.