Culturally speaking, Turks all believe in Tibetan Buddhism, and the Russian government forces them to believe in Orthodox Christianity, which is absolutely unbearable for Turks mentally.
The Russian government implements the hostage system against Turks, with the aim of controlling Turks. Everything is under the command of the tsar. I told you to go east, not west. I told you to go to war, so you had to go to the front.
/kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, the Russian empire tried its best to control the ocean. With the expansion of Russian aggression, there are more and more wars, including a long war with Turkey.
At that time, Russia recruited young Turks as Russian troops to fight Turkey, so in the middle of this war, Turks also suffered great casualties. Moreover, the war lasted for 2 1 year, and every time Turkut went to 654,380+10,000 people, almost 1 10,000 to 20,000 people came back from the war. At that time, Turgut people said that if this war continued, there would be no Turgut.
There is also a very important reason, that is, during the strong period of Turhut, their khanate was on an equal footing with Russia, and after Russia became strong, they were required to bow to their knees. To sum up the above reasons, in such a situation, Turks, how to decide their own destiny, are facing severe tests and choices.
1767, under the leadership of Wabashi, Turhut held a small top-secret meeting at that time, at which it was decided to return to the homeland of the East.
After all, Turks have lived in the Volga River basin for nearly a century and a half, and the grasslands and pastures here have left their footprints and shed their sweat. I'm about to give up that land, and when I say I'll leave, not all ordinary people can figure it out at once.
In the autumn of the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1770), in a secret place on the grassland in the lower reaches of the Volga River, Woba, the Khan King of Tulhut, presided over the top secret meeting for the second time. At the meeting, they solemnly vowed to leave Russia and return to the motherland.
177110/On October 4th, Wabashi called all the soldiers for general mobilization, and proposed that Turks would become slave races if they did not resist and left czarist Russia. This general mobilization ignited the flame towards light in Turku people's hearts.
Although Wabashi and others tried to keep secrets from the Russians, the news leaked. The drastic changes in the situation forced Wabashi to act in advance.
They had planned to return to their homeland with more than 10,000 compatriots on the left bank. Unfortunately, it was a warm winter, and the river was not frozen, so people on the left bank could not cross the river. I had to make a temporary decision, and more than 30,000 households on the right bank acted immediately.
The next morning, the wind was very cold. When the sun shone on the snowy Volga grassland, more than 33,000 Turks on the right bank of the Volga River set off and left their foreign land where they had lived for nearly a century and a half. In their words, they went to the east, to the place where the sun rises, and to find a new life.
On a sunny morning in May, the Turk people finally reached the Ili River on the border of the motherland.
Yi Chang 'an, the general manager of the Xibe camp of the Iletupai, then the general of Ili, and other officials met the newly arrived Wabashi, Sheren and others on the Ili River.
Soon, Wobaxi went to Yili with Yichang A to meet Counselor Shuhed, and Shuhed conveyed the will of Qianlong to Wobaxi, asking Wobaxi and others to go to the summer resort to meet Emperor Qianlong in the crisp autumn season, and handed the letters awarded by Emperor Qianlong to Wobaxi, Zebokdoqi and Shelun.
Gan Long's imperial edict was written in Manchu and an ancient Mongolian script. This imperial edict fully expressed Qianlong's praise and welcome to Turks. Soon, thirteen people, including Wo Baxi, and forty-four entourage, accompanied by honest officials, came to the summer resort from Chahar Banner.
This year, it happened that the Putuo Zongcheng Temple in Chengde was completed and a grand ceremony was held. Gan Long ordered the erection of two huge stone tablets in Putuo Zongcheng Temple, engraved with his own "All Surrender of Dulhut" and "All Notes of Excellent Dulhut Department" in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and Tibetan languages to commemorate this major historical event.
The feat of the Turks' return to the motherland deeply touched the people of the whole country, and various places donated materials to the Turks. The Qing government also allocated special funds to buy livestock, leather clothes, tea, grain and rice to help the poor Turku people tide over the difficulties. It is recorded in detail in Ute Turhut's Notes and Manchu Vice Memorial.
In order to properly resettle the returned Turhuts, the Qing government appointed officials to reclaim the land rich in water and grass, and allocated Bayinbuluke, Wusu and Cobuduo to the Turhuts for grazing, so that they could live and work in peace and contentment.
Finally, the nomadic land is the "land under the leadership of Wabashi", also known as Old Tulhut, which is divided into four roads: east, west, north and south, and there are four leagues, each of which has appointed a leader. The land led by Sheleng is called the new Turhut, and Sheleng is the leader. There is also the Khoshuote Gongge Department, which consists of four flags, with Gongge as the leader.
Although more than 200 years have passed, people have not forgotten the heroes who returned to the East, and their deeds have become enduring academic research topics.
Many scholars at home and abroad have praised the heroic feats of the people of Turgut and their return to the motherland. The epic of the hero who returns to the East will be sung forever.
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The Turkutian Department originated from the historical Kriti Department, and its early history can be traced back to the Tartars with nine surnames in the eighth and ninth centuries. The ancestor of the Turhut Department was Weng Han. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/2nd century, Weng Han was the leader of the Keleti department. At that time, Mazhuang had a large population and a strong army, and was honored as "Khan" (the Great) among Mongolian ministries. At this time, Temujin lost his father in childhood, went through hardships and was in adversity. Because Weng Han is the "answer" that his biological father should have soon (half-brother) and has the relationship of "pro-obedience", he has become Temujin's most ideal protector and ally. In the fifth year of Song Qingyuan (1 19), when Temujin helped Weng Han repel the Naiman attack, they became father and son again in the Tuwu River, and established the relationship of "father and son and answer".
/kloc-in the 0/2nd century, the Turkic Hutu (Kaileti) nomadic in the northern part of the Mongolian Plateau. Since then, with the rise of Temujin tribe and the establishment and demise of Yuan Dynasty, the tribe gradually declined and nomadic to the west. It was at this stage that part of Crety was renamed Turkut.
At the end of Ming Dynasty, Mongolians living in the north and northwest of China were divided into three parts: Monan Mongolia, Mobei Halka Mongolia and Moxi Elut Mongolia. Nomadic in Qinghai and Errut Mongolia in Xinjiang, it is divided into four parts: Heshuote, Junggar, Durbert and Turkut, also known as Svirat. They are nomadic in the vast areas north of Tianshan Mountain, south of Altai Mountain, east and south of Balkhash Lake. The nomadic Turkutu tribe in Yar 'er region in the northwest of Talbahatai (now Tacheng, Xinjiang, northwest of Russian Urazza region). 16 At the end of the 7th century, its western pasture has reached the upper reaches of Irtysh River and Ishma River.
Although there are alliances among the various departments of Erut, it is difficult to check and balance each other. At that time, Batoul Hongtaiji, the tribal leader of Junggar, gradually replaced the position of the Lord of Heshuote and became the leader of the four-Wei-La alliance, "relying on his own strength and humiliating Wei-La", and attempted to annex Turhuth and other departments. Due to the growing power of Junggar, its minister, Batoul Huntaiji, intends to annex Turhuth. Minister Turhut and Erleke were dissatisfied with the dispute between Mongolian princes and princes, and made bad friends with Hengtaiji of Batoul. The relationship between the two ministries was tense, so they led some herders to wander westward to the upper reaches of the Irtysh River. Here, they were threatened by the expansionists of czar Russia. General Gagarin of Sautara asked them to "swear allegiance to the Tsar", sign corresponding treaties and become Russian citizens. Mongolian ministries in Erut flatly rejected Russia's unreasonable demands. The authorities in Tara, Russia, also rejected Turgut's request to live in harmony with Russia and allow them to wander there. At this time, the invading forces of Russia extended to the north of Turku in southern Siberia, and a series of Cossack military fortresses, such as Tomsk, Yenisesk and Krasnoyarsk, were established in the former Mongolian territory and traditional pastures, enslaved, plundered and exploited local herders, and eyeing the neighboring Turku, waiting for an opportunity to go south, which seriously threatened the survival of Turku.
Under this situation, Turku Department, led by its leader and Orlek, together with some nearby departments of Hoxute and Dorbert, * * * about 50,000 accounts19,000 people left the original nomadic land on the west bank of the middle reaches of the Irtysh River in 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty), after a long journey and numerous battles.
The grasslands in the middle and lower reaches of the Volga River were once the heart of the powerful Chincha khanate. After the collapse of Chincha khanate, this area belonged to Astrakhan khanate and was conquered by Russia in the 1950s of 16. Due to the long-term war, a large number of nomadic people living in Russia were separated, and Russia did not have enough manpower to develop it at the moment. The military and civilians under its jurisdiction are concentrated in a few strongholds. After the Rilik dynasty lost its heir, Russia experienced 20 years of chaos, and it was not until 16 18 that it returned to normal under the rule of Romanov dynasty, and this new dynasty concentrated on dealing with Poland, a strong neighbor in the west. Therefore, Turks came to the Volga grassland almost like nobody's business. The military and political authorities in the Russian-astrakhan border area can only stick to the towns, but they are unable to stop the Turhuts from occupying the grasslands.
Turks regard this place as an ideal place to recuperate, develop animal husbandry and breed tribes, graze livestock, live on aquatic plants and hunt. Scope of activities: from ural river in the east, bordering on Halaharllist, to the Don River in the west, with a Turkic border, to the Kazakh region on the northern shore of the Black Sea in the south, to saratov in the west and bordering on Russia. The center of the tribe's residence is in the Marnoto Sea between the Volga River and the Wula River, and the clan leader and Elk's family account are located in the Aktuba River, a tributary of the Volga River. Here, they live according to the habits and concepts of ancient tribal organizations, "set Etuoke, set Zaisang", and the management department will. Gurza is a parliamentary organization established in accordance with the traditional political system, and it is the highest organ of deliberation, decision-making and power of the Ministry. Often consult internal and external affairs of tribes, formulate laws, implement traditional customary laws of tribes, resolve contradictions and disputes between tribes, and maintain social order and tribal stability. Turku people worship Buddha and recite scriptures, and live according to Mongolian customs. They have always maintained and strengthened their ties with other Uirat departments and the mainland, and they have never stopped.