① large glass water tank: the water capacity is 8 000~ 10000 ml.
② Medium-sized glass water tank: the water capacity is 5 000~7000 ml.
③ Small glass water tank: the water capacity is 2 000~4000 ml.
(2) The metal frame of the aquarium is equipped with glass, which is generally rectangular, preferably double-sided, that is, the length is twice the depth or width. The water can be shallower if you don't plant aquatic plants, and deeper if you plant aquatic plants. There is also an all-glass rectangular aquarium, which is also very suitable for keeping goldfish.
(3) The plexiglass cylinder is usually rectangular and made of plexiglass plate glued with chloroform glue. In the past, both Shanghai Flower and Bird Market and Nanjing Road Flower and Bird Store sold them, and some small and medium-sized ones can be hung on the wall, which is very unique. You can also do it yourself.
(4) Generally, ceramic water tanks or porcelain tanks are placed in the courtyard, and goldfish is the best.
2. Aquarium placement and lighting
(1) Location: Small and medium-sized glass jars and aquariums should be placed on desks or cabinets for ornament, while large ones should be placed on special small tables or iron frames. It is best to put it indoors near the window, facing south and facing the sun, so that you can get sunshine often. Put it in a ventilated place in summer to avoid exposure to the sun.
(2) Small and medium-sized glass tanks should not be exposed to the sun for a long time, otherwise the water temperature is too high, and a large number of algae will grow rapidly in the tank, which is not easy to completely remove. Algae reproduction makes the water in the tank unclear, which hinders viewing. According to the experiment, the glass jar has 1~3 hours of light every day, which can meet the needs of goldfish and aquatic plants (except a few rare aquatic plants). Some goldfish lovers put the fish tank in a bright place where the sun can't shine, which is beneficial to control the growth of algae. In order to make up for the lack of light, the goldfish bowl can be illuminated by lights, and it is best not to use fluorescent lamps. The color of goldfish is not as bright as ordinary light bulbs. In addition, the mirror can reflect sunlight into the goldfish bowl, and it can also make goldfish and aquatic plants grow well.
3. stocking density and polyculture of different goldfish
(1) stocking density No matter what kind of container is used to raise goldfish, the stocking amount should be determined according to the fish size, water temperature and seasonal changes. Usually the fish are big and the number of fish is small; More in winter and less in summer; There are more times when the water temperature is low, and less times when the water temperature is high. Family fish farming should adopt the method of calculating water demand according to the length of fish, such as goldfish in the current year and 1 year old, which needs 450 ml of water per cm; Second-year-old fish need 800 ml of water per cm; The water requirement of 3rd instar fish is 1500ml/cm. If you have some experience in fish farming, you can also raise one or two tails appropriately. Appropriately increase the water demand for raising rare species, and the water demand for goldfish 1 year is 3600 ml per cm. The author thinks that the density of family fish farming should be sparse rather than dense.
People who have a small air pump (fish pump) at home can often send air to the goldfish bowl regularly, so that the number of goldfish in the fish bowl can be appropriately increased.
(2) Considering the collocation of different colors, the number of goldfish raised at home is small, so it is very important to consider the coordination of colors. If a tank always keeps black longan or sub-longan, and 1 tail can be kept, then it is necessary to choose red fish, deep red longan or yellow dragon eye together, and the colors will be diversified, which will look better. If you put 1 five-flowered dzi beads, black longan or Zi Long eyes, they are all dark, but the colors are too monotonous. If there is pure white goldfish in the tank, it should be matched with 1 red or colored, and the color is more harmonious; If you match 1 tail crane (red hat), you will only see a piece of white in the jar, which looks like Tai Su, and the color is monotonous.
(3) Note that long-tailed varieties and short-tailed varieties can be mixed in the same tank, but it is better not to be mixed together. Because fast swimmers have strong foraging ability and eat too much, other goldfish eat too little and die of weakness. Some species, such as pearl oyster, butterfly-tailed Mo Long, blister eye, dragon in the sky, etc. Slow swimming, inflexible movements and poor foraging ability. The blisters in the blisters are very prominent, and it is difficult for them to eat the food at the bottom of the tank. Facing the dragon's eyes up, you can only see the food on the water, and it is difficult to find food in other directions. Therefore, these rare varieties should be raised separately and it is best to feed them with live bait.
When a family raises goldfish for the first time, it is necessary to choose varieties that are easy to raise, such as red longan and red fish, which have strong foraging ability, strong disease resistance and hypoxia tolerance. When you have some experience in fish farming, then raise rare species such as Molongjing, Yuanbao Red, Agate Eye, Pearl Shell and Chaotianlong. As for the rarer varieties, such as Zhu Ding Zi Luo Bao, there must be enough live bait and superb feeding techniques to raise them.
(4) Mastering that the mixed goldfish in different ponds are gentle in temperament, and when the bait in the big pond is sufficient, individuals of all sizes can live in peace. If raised in a small jar, the difference between large and small individuals should not be too big, and usually the difference in body length should not exceed 1 cm. Otherwise, once there is a lack of bait, small goldfish often do not have enough to eat, which will affect their growth and development. When there is a serious lack of food, the big goldfish will bite the small goldfish.
4. Reasonable feeding As mentioned above, the food intake of goldfish changes with the change of water temperature. In the Yangtze River valley, from early summer to Mid-Autumn Festival, the water temperature is between 20℃ and 28℃, when goldfish have the strongest appetite, vigorous metabolism and the fastest growth. With the decrease of water temperature, the appetite of fish also decreases. In the cold winter in the north, when the water temperature is 0℃~3℃, goldfish will stop eating; When the winter cold wave comes in the south and the water temperature in the tank approaches 0℃, goldfish will stop eating. Generally, when the water temperature is above 4℃ in winter, goldfish can still eat, but they eat less. When it is hot every day in summer, the food intake will also decrease. In the rainy season in the Yangtze River basin, the weather is hot and cold, and the appetite of goldfish will also be affected. Pay attention to the following five points in daily feeding.
(1) It is best to feed more live bait of Daphnia or earthworm and less commercial feed such as biscuits and bread every day. Without the above-mentioned live animal bait, pork can be used instead (raw or cooked). To choose lean meat, cut it into small particles with scissors and feed it.
(2) Feed regularly. Feeding should be done around noon in winter, before 7 am in summer and around 8 am in spring and autumn. Try to avoid irregular or early and late feeding.
(3) The bait should be quantified. For healthy goldfish, it is best to eat the bait within 10~30 minutes every time. It is enough to feed young fish and big fish only 1 time a day, and feed them 2~3 times a day in the fry stage. In early spring, late autumn to early winter, the water temperature is low, and the goldfish breeding time can be appropriately extended to about 1 hour. With the growth of fish, food is gradually increasing, and the amount of feeding at one time is less than more. It is understood that most families died of hypoxia because goldfish were fed too much. Goldfish is a kind of temperature-changing animal with strong hunger tolerance. If it doesn't eat bait for 2~3 days, it won't starve to death, but it will swell to death once it is overeating. This usually happens when the water temperature is high and goldfish eat more. Due to long-term feeding with rice grains, bread and other foods, or when you are hungry for a few days or even longer, once a large number of live Daphnia and earthworms are put in, goldfish will be very greedy, sometimes the abdomen will swell and the anus will be covered with feces, and goldfish will easily swell to death.
(4) Newly raised goldfish should stop eating goldfish moved from outdoor tanks (pools) to indoor tanks, or newly bought goldfish. Due to the change of environment, the water with sufficient oxygen mainly goes to the goldfish bowl with low oxygen content, which makes life uncomfortable and often floats on the water meter. At this time, it is necessary to stop eating for 2~3 days, and wait until the fish gradually adapt to the new environment and swim freely up and down before starting to eat.
(5) Check the food intake regularly. Check the food intake of goldfish every time you feed them, so as to know the fish's health and food intake as a reference for the next feeding. Goldfish are already very active every morning, and floating heads mostly occur at this time, so experienced goldfish connoisseurs and goldfish lovers often get up in the morning to observe the activities of goldfish.
5. Change water at the right time
(1) Treatment of fish water Families usually use tap water or well water to raise fish. Tap water must be stored in a container for 2~4 days to make the residual chlorine disappear before it can be used. Well water is warm in winter and cool in summer, usually with little dissolved oxygen, so it is best to store it indoors 1 day before use. You can also put a bunch of aquatic plants in the well water in the barrel, sun them for 2~3 hours, and let them stand 1 day for reuse.
(2) The number of water changes The density of fish farming in the family is high, and the tank water is easy to lack oxygen, so it is necessary to change the water in time. In hot summer, change the water at least once every 1 day. The temperature is normal in spring and autumn. If food is not fed, water can be changed every 1~2 days 1 time. In winter, the water temperature is low, and the water should be changed every 4~5 days 1 time. Rubber pipes are used to change water. Put a glass tube at one end and a short rubber tube at the top of the glass tube. Gently insert the top end along the cylinder wall to remove the attached dirt at any time and try to discharge the dirt at the bottom. Hold the rubber tube by hand to control the water quantity. Anyone who has been fed food must change the water that night and remove the food residue and feces at the bottom of the tank to avoid the lack of oxygen in the tank water at night.
Sometimes the oxygen content in the tank water is low, which will make goldfish feel uncomfortable, but there will be no floating head phenomenon. In this case, you should change the water or pump air with an air pump first, and then feed the food after changing the water 10 minutes, so that the goldfish can eat normally. Finally, be sure to change the water 1 time before staying overnight.
In addition to replacing the bottom water, the top water should be scooped out with a cup. This is because greasy film often forms on the water surface when feeding, which hinders gas exchange and should be removed as far as possible.
(3) Under normal circumstances, only 1/3~ 1/2 of the original cylinder water is changed for each water change, and it cannot exceed 2/3 at most. This can avoid the difference between water temperature and water quality, which is not good for fish. If there are too many algae in the goldfish bowl, the bottom sand turns black and needs to be cleaned or replaced, or the goldfish gets sick. To completely change the water, we must pay attention to the water quality, and the temperature difference should not be too large to ensure the safety of fish.
(4) Precautions for changing water When using a rubber tube to drain water, it should be next to the basin wall. Because of the large suction when draining water, it should be noted that goldfish should not be sucked by pipes, especially blisters. Once the blister is sucked, it will burst. If the fish is sucked, it will also cause the scales to fall off and be injured. Avoid aquatic plants when absorbing water. Usually, the branches of aquatic plants are tender and easy to break. In addition, be careful not to suck up sand, and don't let water plants, dead leaves and other things block the rubber pipe.
When adding water to the cylinder, if there is a large pumice in the cylinder, water can be injected on the pumice to reduce the impact of the water column. If there is no pumice in the tank, you can put a clean small board, and the water column will wash on the board, and the water will spread in all directions, which also plays a buffering role.
6. Application of Air Pump A small air pump presses air into the machine, which turns into small bubbles and escapes from the ceramic sand filter element of another pipe, helping oxygen in the air to dissolve in water for aquatic organisms to breathe. When the small bubbles escape, the tank water is stirred, so that the saturated carbon dioxide in the water is dispersed into the air. Therefore, the application of small air pump promotes the family to raise ornamental fish. It can avoid the death of goldfish due to lack of oxygen, and appropriately increase the culture density of fish tanks. At present, most domestic small air pumps are powered by household alternating current, and the number of output bubbles can be adjusted, but its adjustment range is very limited. If the air pump is used continuously for a period of time, and the pump body is hot, but it is not easy to emit, it needs to be turned off and continue to supply air after heating. If a family has more than two goldfish bowls, it is best to buy two small air pumps to use in turn. The best model is 1 semiconductor, which is powered by ordinary dry batteries and can be used even if there is power failure.
Generally speaking, the application of air pump can never replace water change, but can only reduce the number of water changes. Because there are food residues, feces and mucus falling off the body surface in the tank water, it should be removed by changing the water.
7. Simple drug control measures There are many sources of goldfish raised at home, and these fish have some pathogens to some extent. Before putting the goldfish bowl, do a good job of drug prevention. Ordinary families do not have microscopes or dissecting mirrors to detect pathogens carried by goldfish, and no symptoms can be seen with naked eyes. According to the author's experience, goldfish can be soaked in 2% salt solution for 5~ 12 minutes under the condition that the water temperature does not exceed 32℃, temporarily raised in buckets or large pots, and fed with live Daphnia every day. Standing for 1~2 days, the concentration of furacilin is 20 mg/kg, the water temperature is below 20℃, and soaking for 15~30 minutes; The water temperature is 20℃~34℃, and it is soaked for 10~ 15 minutes, and it is still temporarily placed in the basin. Immediately measure the water temperature in the goldfish bowl. If the water temperature is lower than 20℃, use the concentration of furacilin 1 ~ 2mg/kg, and if the water temperature is higher than 20℃, use the concentration of furacilin 0.8 ~ 1.5mg/kg. Sprinkle with nitrofurazone to be put in the goldfish bowl and stir well, then put the goldfish in the jar for feeding. Salt and furacilin can effectively prevent common bacterial fish diseases and parasitic diseases.