Organisms are divided into seven levels: phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
Pine, cypress and Chinese fir all belong to Pinaceae, so * * * has a lot in common. Evergreen or monocotyledonous trees with well-developed trunks and terminal branches of leaves, which are needle-shaped, linear, lanceolate, spiny or scaly. There are 44 genera and 400 species of modern conifers belonging to 4 families, namely Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae.
If you are interested in biological research, you can check the information carefully.
The difference in daily life, pick up the leaves, smell first, smell, pine and cypress have a strong smell, fir trees have no special taste. Look at the shape again, "pine needles" also exude the fragrance of pine trees, and the sharp leaves are like needles, which are pine trees.
How to distinguish cypress, arborvitae and arborvitae? Eye views can be distinguished.
What is the difference between spruce and cypress? Picea
1 genus of Pinaceae. Evergreen trees with straight trunk ends; Branchlets are irregularly alternate, with prominent raised leaf pillows and persistent bud scales at the base. Leaves, bud scales, stamens, pearl scales and bract scales are all arranged in a spiral shape; The leaves are radial or the leaves above the branches extend upward or forward, and the leaves below and on both sides bend upward or extend to both sides; The leaves are quadrangular linear, oblate rhombic linear or linear flat, the apex is blunt or sharp, sessile, inserted on the leaf pillow, with stomatal lines or no lower (back) surface on all sides, and there are two usually discontinuous marginal resin channels in the leaves. Monoecious, the male cone is solitary, with axillary branches and leaves, sparsely terminal.
Chinese name: spruce.
Pinyin Name: Yunshan Book
Latin name: spruce
Flora of China: 07: 123
Description: Spruce. There are about 40 species of Picea, Pinaceae, distributed in the dry north temperate zone. There are 19 species in China, and 2 species are introduced and cultivated. It is one of the main tree species in the mountainous or subalpine areas of Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, Southwest China and Taiwan Province Province. Common tree species are spruce. Picea koraiensis, Picea schrenkiana. Eucalyptus, spruce in Taiwan, larch, etc. Wood is soft and straight, and can be used in architecture, furniture, musical instruments and shipbuilding. Evergreen tree; Bark is thin and scaly; Branches are usually whorled; Leaves are linear, spirally arranged, usually quadrangular, with a stomatal line on each side, or sometimes flat, with only a white stomatal line on it, which is planted on the pillow with angular, persistent, woody and handle-like protrusions; Cones are terminal or axillary; Male cones are yellow or red, consisting of numerous spirally arranged male flowers, with 2 anthers, wide connective and scales, and pollen grains with air sacs; The female flower is green or purple, and consists of countless spiral pearl scales, with a bract scale under each pearl scale and two ovules at the base of the inner surface of the pearl scale; The cones droop, and when they mature, the original pearl scales develop into seed scales, lignified and persistent; Seeds have wings; 4-9 cotyledons (-15).
All species:
Picea albiflora
Baiwa
Picea longipes
Picea longifolia
Picea sichuanensis
Big fruit green shoes
Picea koraiensis
Picea crassifolia
Picea Kangding
Picea likiangensis
Picea Lijiang (original variety)
Picea Linzhi
Picea squama
Picea ovata
Picea maidiao
Spruce wheat carving (original variety)
fir
Picea crassifolia
Qingwa
Picea japonica
Picea formosana
Picea tibetica
Picea Xinjiang
Xue Linshan
Spruce oil wheat carving
Picea ichthys
spruce
Purple spruce
Abies
Latin: Ajax Fabbri (Master. )Craib。 (a. Delaware French. )
Abies of Pinaceae.
The height of the tree can reach 40 meters, the branchlets are light brown to grayish yellow, the grooves are combed with short hairs or no hairs, the leaves are slightly concave or dull, the length is 1.5-3CM, the edges are slightly curled, the resin ducts in the leaves are slightly exposed, and the cone scales are usually bent outward.
summary
Abies of Pinaceae. Evergreen tree Its trunk is straight and its branches and leaves are dense, so it can be used as a garden tree species. China is the country with the largest number of Abies plants, with about 22 species and 3 varieties, which are distributed in Daxing 'anling, Changbai Mountain, Yanshan Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Qinling Mountain, Daba Mountain, Hengduan Mountain, Himalayan Mountain, Altai Mountain, central mountainous area of Taiwan Province Province, baishanzu in southern Zhejiang, Yuechengling at the junction of Hunan and Guangxi, Wanze Mountain at the junction of Hunan and Jiangxi, Fanjingshan Mountain in northeast Guizhou and other places. The vertical distribution gradually increased from northeast to southwest, and the distribution of most Abies was higher than that of other genera of Pinaceae. Abies appeared in the late Cretaceous, and in Neogene and Quaternary of Tertiary, the species increased and the distribution area expanded, and it was preserved in the glacial and interglacial periods and propagated to this day. Abies pollen was found in the late Pleistocene sediments in the plains south and southeast of Qinling Mountains and Abies areas in the southwest low mountains. Abies has strong shade tolerance and adapts to cold and warm climate. The soil is mainly mountain brown soil and dark brown soil. Pure forests are often formed on shady slopes, semi-shady slopes and valleys in subalpine to alpine areas from high latitude to low latitude, or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests are formed with spruce, larch, hemlock and some pine trees and broad-leaved trees. The bark and branch bark of fir contain resin, and Canadian resin is the best adhesive for slicing and precision instruments. Similar binders can also be extracted from Chinese fir. Chinese fir has light color, no obvious difference between heartwood and sapwood, no normal resin channel, soft material, meticulous structure, no odor, easy processing and no corrosion resistance. It is an excellent raw material for making pulp and all-wood fiber, and can be used as general building sleepers (which need anti-corrosion treatment), appliances, furniture and plywood, and the board is suitable for boxes and fruit boxes.
Distribution area
There are more than 50 species of this genus, distributed in Europe, Asia, North America, Central America and the northernmost subalpine to alpine zone of Africa. Among them, more than 20 species of Abies are an important part of coniferous forests in cold temperate zones widely distributed in these areas, among which Abies sibirica is the most widely distributed until the Arctic Circle. Abies Huanglianshan is the southernmost species in Eurasia. Abies Guatemala crosses the Tropic of Cancer in the Western Hemisphere and is the southernmost boundary of Abies (latitude14 49'). China has the largest number of Abies plants, including about 22 species and 3 varieties, which are distributed in Daxing 'anling, Changbai Mountain, Yanshan Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Qinling Mountain, Daba Mountain, Hengduan Mountain, Himalayan Mountain, Altai Mountain, Central Mountain of Taiwan Province Province, baishanzu in southern Zhejiang, Yuechengling at the junction of Hunan and Guangxi, Wanze Mountain at the junction of Hunan and Jiangxi, and Fanjing Mountain in northeast Guizhou. The vertical distribution gradually increased from northeast to southwest, and the distribution of most Abies was higher than that of other genera of Pinaceae.
Abies history
Abies plants appeared in the late Cretaceous, and in the Neogene and Quaternary of Tertiary, the species increased and the distribution area expanded, and they were preserved in the glacial and interglacial periods and propagated to this day. Abies pollen was found in the late Pleistocene sediments in the south and southeast plains of Qinling Mountains and the low mountains in southwest China. Abies has strong shade tolerance and adapts to cold and warm climate. The soil is mainly mountain brown soil and dark brown soil. Pure forests are often formed on shady slopes, semi-shady slopes and valleys in subalpine to alpine areas from high latitude to low latitude, or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests are formed with spruce, larch, hemlock and some pine trees and broad-leaved trees.
Abies use
The bark and branch bark of fir contain resin, and the famous Canadian resin is extracted from the young bark and branch bark of balsam fir, which is the best adhesive for slicing and precision instruments. Similar binders can also be extracted from Chinese fir. Chinese fir has light color, no obvious difference between heartwood and sapwood, no normal resin channel, soft material, meticulous structure, no odor, easy processing and no corrosion resistance. It is an excellent raw material for making pulp and all-wood fiber, and can be used as general building sleepers (which need anti-corrosion treatment), appliances, furniture and plywood, and the board is suitable for boxes and fruit boxes. Fir has straight trunk, dense branches and leaves and evergreen seasons, which can be used as a garden tree species.
Pine, cypress and Chinese fir are different from pine trees: they are generally evergreen trees with few shrubs, with scaly bark, needle-shaped leaves, unisexual flowers, oval or conical cones with woody scales, and both wood and resin can be used. Another example: Songta; Song Tao; Pine needles; Turpentine oil; Songting (a pavilion with pine trees next to it); Live pine (pine and cypress branches and leaves are tied into the shapes of people, cranes, deer, pavilions and so on. , and as a funerary object, it is called free range); Turpentine (turpentine); Pine fan (fan made of soft pine bark in ancient times); Pine sticks (branches and leaves of pine trees); Pine (turpentine); Song Hualv (also known as "Songhua" and "Luzon"). Dark green, dark green); Pine trees (pine and bamboo)
A cypress with scaly leaves. Wood is hard and can be used as building materials.
fir wood
The smell is pungent, slightly warm and non-toxic.
Cedar is an evergreen tree of Pinaceae. The height can reach 30 meters, DBH 3 meters, the end of the trunk is straight and the tree shape is neat. There are many kinds of Chinese fir, which can be roughly divided into three categories: one is shiny yellow-green Metasequoia, also known as Chinese fir and hemlock; The other is gray fir with blue-green leaves and dull leaves, also known as brown fir, mountain fir and soaking fir; There is also a kind of Chinese fir with thin and soft leaves and drooping branches, which is also called soft-leaved Chinese fir.
How can Lei Bai 8300 tell the truth from the false? You can call the Lei Bai customer service number on the package and provide the SN number of the suit to check whether it is genuine.
The difference between pine, cedar and cypress
The relationship between seed scales of cones The seed scales and bract scales of cones are free, semi-synbiotic and fully synbiotic.
The relationship between seed scales and leaves is alternate (spiral), alternate (only Metasequoia glyptostroboides opposite), alternate opposite or alternate.
Seed scales Each seed scale contains 2 seeds -2-9 seeds -2-9 seeds.
Seeds with or without wings; winged seeds with narrow wings or wingless seeds with narrow wings or wingless seeds.
With or without air sac, microspore with or without air sac, no air sac, no air sac.
Number of anthers 2 anthers 2-9 anthers 2-9 anthers.
Leaf-shaped leaves are strip-shaped or needle-shaped, and the leaf base does not extend downward in the form of needle, strip, drill or scale, and the leaf base often extends downward in the form of scale or prickle.
Leaves evergreen or deciduous or deciduous.
Difference: The leaves of Pinaceae usually have no appressorium, while the leaves of cypress are crossed with the opposite appressorium, while the leaves of cypress are usually combined with appressorium.
How to distinguish between white pine and Mongolian pine? Quercus mongolica is a famous and precious economic tree species. Pinus densiflora is a variety of European pine trees. The bark is yellow or brown. Leaves in a bundle of 2 needles, 4 ~ 9 cm long and 1.5 ~ 2 mm wide and twisted. Scale shield is light green-brown, rhombic, thick and uplifted, rolled back, scales and umbilicus raised, spiny. Mainly distributed in Daxing 'anling and Hulunbeier Plateau, with a small amount in Kalun Mountain in Aihui County and Songshugou in Xunke County in Xiaoxing 'anling. The most cold-resistant, the lowest requirement for heat. Two older people can't hold hands. Trees are tall and straight, and they are the pillars of nature. Korean pine is light and soft, delicate in structure, dense in texture, beautiful in appearance, difficult to deform and strong in corrosion resistance. It is the first-class wood for making buildings, bridges, sleepers and furniture. Even the branches, bark and roots of white pine can be used to make pulp and fiberboard. From pine roots, leaves, turpentine, you can also pinch out turpentine, pine needle oil, rosin and other industrial raw materials!
How to distinguish the needles of plants, such as how to distinguish between two-needle pine and three-needle pine? It's simple. Literally, it can be seen that two needles are a bunch of leaves, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus massoniana, Pinus yunnanensis, Pinus densiflora, Taiwan Province Guo Song and Pinus taiwanensis.
Three-needle pine is a bundle of three needles, such as Pinus bungeana.
There are also two needles and three needles, such as alpine pine and Yunnan pine.