Analysis and explanation:
Jiangmen is located in the subtropical zone of South China, with evergreen seasons and spring-like seasons.
Jiangmen City belongs to the subtropical low latitude area, located on the west bank of the Pearl River Estuary, with a coastline of 285 kilometers. Affected by the maritime monsoon, the climate is characterized by warmth and rain, with an average sunshine 1700 hours or more.
The climate is warm and humid, suitable for planting rice and various economic plants. The frost-free period lasts more than 360 days, and it doesn't snow all year round. The annual average temperature in the whole region is around 22℃. ?
There will be typhoons and heavy rains in summer. Temperature: 5℃ in winter and 38℃ in summer.
Bitter gourd is native to the tropics and requires high temperature, heat resistance and cold resistance. But after long-term cultivation and selection, it has strong adaptability and can adapt to 10-35℃.
The optimum temperature for seed germination of bitter gourd is 30-35℃. Although the seed coat of bitter gourd is thick, it is soaked in warm water leaves at 40-50℃ for 4-6 hours and germinates at a suitable temperature. Germination began after 48 hours, and more than 70% germinated after 60 hours.
Germination is slow below 20℃ and difficult below 13℃. It germinates rapidly and robustly at about 25℃, and after 15-20 days, it can grow into 4-5 true leaves.
The optimum temperature for bitter gourd to blossom and bear fruit is about 25℃, and in the range of 14-25℃, the higher the temperature, the more favorable it is for the growth and development of bitter gourd plants, with early fruiting and high yield.
Therefore, the temperature in Jiangmen area is suitable, so pay attention to cultivation management.
Planting time:
Spring sowing is cold bed sowing in mid-March or hotbed seedling raising in late March.
The autumn planting period of autumn sowing bitter gourd is usually July-August.
The winter planting period of bitter gourd is11-65438+February. Because of the low temperature in winter, plastic film mulching should be used when planting, and integrated irrigation technology of water and fertilizer under plastic film should be implemented.
Breeding method:
Seed treatment: the seeds are directly sown with dry seeds or soaked in clear water for 3-5 hours, then dried and sown as needed. However, in order to prevent the seeds from carrying bacteria, it is best to disinfect the seeds before sowing. The method is as follows: soak the seeds in clear water for 3-5 hours, and then dress the seeds for a proper time. You can also soak in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes (anti-virus disease) or 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution for 60 minutes (anti-fungal disease), and then rinse with clear water to accelerate germination or directly sow.
Soak the seeds to accelerate germination: firstly blanch the seeds with hot water of 50-60℃, which can adjust the water temperature in the pot to 50-60℃, then slowly pour the seeds into the water, while stirring, so that the seeds are heated evenly without being scalded until the water temperature drops to about 30℃, stop stirring, continue soaking for 7-8 hours, fully absorb water, and then rinse for several times to remove the dirt on the surface of the seeds. In the germination period, washing with warm water at 30-35℃ once a day is beneficial to remove surface pollutants, make water and oxygen easily permeate and speed up germination, so that after 3-4 days, most seeds can be planted when they germinate white buds.
Seedling raising in nutrient pots: firstly, put the nutrient pots filled with nutrient soil on the seedbed, then water the soles of feet, sprinkle a thin layer of dry nutrient soil (0.5- 1 cm) after water infiltration, then sow the germinated seeds in the pots, one in each pot, cover them with 2 cm of nutrient soil after sowing, and finally cover them tightly with plastic film to raise the bed temperature and keep them at 25-30 cm. After emergence, slightly ventilate and cool, and keep it at 20-25℃. When the temperature is above 20℃ in sunny days, you can uncover the film, accept natural light and cover it at night. Uncovering the film and hardening the seedlings three days before planting to improve the cold resistance of the seedlings. If the nutrient soil is dry during seedling raising, it should be properly watered at noon on sunny days to meet the water needs of seedlings.