It is planned to make full use of policy resources, take site protection as the main line, feed back site protection with peripheral development, and "link inside and outside" to form a national-level site protection exhibition park that embodies "humanity, vitality and harmony" in the area of more than 0/00 square kilometers inside and outside Han Chang 'an City (the frontier of the integration of Xi and Xian). ?
"One Heart": As the core area of cultural relics protection, Han Chang 'an National Heritage Park is planned and constructed in the site protection area, focusing on site protection, historical display, cultural display and tourism service.
"One ring": a "landscape belt around the city" with China cultural characteristics, which integrates tourism, residence, leisure and cultural display, is built around the site, and the site is fed back by peripheral development, and the "Han Chang 'an City Site Protection and Development Fund" is won by policy land transfer financing. ?
"Seven plates": in the site protection area, with the construction of the site park, two plates of site display and green ecology are formed; On the east side of the site, combined with the reconstruction of Tuanjie Reservoir, a "ring east" landscape belt plate is constructed in coordination with the site; On the south side of the site, combined with the reconstruction of Daxing Road, a "Huannan" landscape belt plate coordinated with the site style is constructed; On the north side of the site, combined with the "North Third Ring Road", a "North Ring Road" landscape belt plate coordinated with the site style is constructed; On the west side of the site, the "Window of Chang 'an City of Han Dynasty" will be built in harmony with the style of the site, and the "West Surrounding" landscape belt plate will include some areas outside the ring city area into the scope of the exhibition garden, creating a feedback "economic industrial park" plate. Share the "park" policy, ease the pressure of production and life in the site, encourage enterprises and villages in the site area to gradually migrate to the park and outside the site, and guide new enterprises to avoid the site area and enter the park.
Reflections on the layout of Chang' an city in Han dynasty;
The Idea of "Shape Winning" in the Site Selection of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty;
"Shape victory" means that the mountains and rivers are superior in landform and topography, which is convenient for military defense. This is the basic location idea of Guanzhong, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty.
After Chang 'an, Ding Han, Tian Ken congratulated Liu Bang and said, "The State of Qin won by form, protected by rivers and mountains ... The terrain is convenient, and its soldiers and princes are still at arm's length, still building water on the roof." (historical records? A Historical Records of the Emperor Gaozu quoted Wei as saying: "Shape wins" means "the terrain is solid, so it can win people." Judging from this debate, the reason why the Western Han Dynasty built its capital in Guanzhong was that it was surrounded by mountains and rivers in Qin, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and that it was "accessible and defensible" in addition to considering the conditions of fertile land, abundant products and convenient transportation. It can be seen that "shape wins" is the basic idea of Chang' an city site selection in Han Dynasty.
The Thought of "Favouring Heaven with Earth" and Immortal Thought in the Planning of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty;
The shape of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty was irregular bucket, so it was called "bucket city". The theory of the Big Dipper and the South Dipper in Seoul can be found in Volume 1 of Huang Tu: "The south of the city is like a South Dipper, and the north is like a Big Dipper. Up to now, people have called Han the "city of fighting" and "three volts".
First of all, the central position, political harmony and long-term stability of the Beidou symbol are consistent with the wishes of Liu Bang, Lv Hou and other political groups in power in the early Han Dynasty. This point has been fully explained from the naming of Chang 'an City, Changle Palace and Yang Mo Palace to the setting of Anmen, Xi 'anmen and Fuang Gate on the south wall.
Second, the Han dynasty inherited the Qin system, which began with the establishment of Haiyue (October in the summer calendar). When Liu Bang entered Xianyang, it was already October. At this time, bucket handle of Beidou points to the northwest, which is exactly what Xie Guanzi said: "bucket handle points to the north, and the world is winter." The handle of the bucket is above, and the things are below. Therefore, the north wall of Seoul is built in the shape of the Big Dipper, which conforms to the guiding ideology of astrology and "neither grand nor heavy".
Third, Hui Di's "Early Chang 'an" is also the first month of the first year, which meets the above conditions. However, the architectural age of the North Wall is recorded according to historical materials? The index of Lv Hou Chronicle quotes the cloud of Han Gong Tuan Shu: "Four years, build the east; Five years, Jianbei. "At this point, Xiao He, who presided over the construction of Seoul, has been dead for three years. However, Xiao Sui and subsequent prime ministers did not change Xiao He's "ancestral temple for the country, for the palace, for the county and for the city" (Xiao Shi). "Abide by the constraints of Xiao He? ("Cao Family"), since. When Xiao He established the East Que, the North Que and the last central palace. Considering the astronomical geography of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, it is entirely possible that the planning of Seoul city wall was done by others.
Fourth, Beidou's "Dou" was used as a vessel for scooping wine before the Qin and Han Dynasties, such as "Poetry? Xiaoya? Dadong said: "There is a struggle in Weibei. You can't lick the wine slurry. "After the Qin and Han Dynasties, on the one hand, it was used as a unit of capacity. That is, south, melting, rising, fighting and welcoming; On the other hand, it still inherits the usage of the pre-Qin period. If the use of scooping wine is transferred to scooping water, then the significance of the shape of Beidou on the north wall of Seoul is even more thought-provoking.
Fifth, by the way, ancient cities generally don't open their doors in the direction of due north (that is, the central axis that bisects the city) to avoid the invasion of evil spirits from the north, because they worship the North Star (Beichen or Polaris).
As far as the above is concerned. The northern and southern walls of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty showed the trend of "Beidou" and "Southward Fight". There are objective reasons for adapting to the terrain and the palace wall. It also contains the subjective conditions of yin-yang astronomy.
As we all know, most of the elements of Seoul plane group were completed in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Specifically, there are three points.
First, the scale of the city broke through the limitation of the city wall. The official seal made the original central axis function of Anmen Street meaningless, and the center of gravity of the city moved westward. The central axis composed of Xi 'anmen, Yang Mo Palace Hall, Beique, Hengmen Street and Qiao Heng tended to be stereotyped. With the change of layout mode, newly-added independent palaces, pavilions and pavilions spread all over the space area inside and outside Seoul. Secondly, with the change of urban design thought, the idea of "like the sky" has been further developed, and the idea of immortals has also been soaked in urban design and planning. The Kunming Pool in Shanglinyuan symbolizes the Tianhe River, and the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are on both sides of the pool, which has become a footnote to the idea of "like heaven". Shen Mingtai, Taiye Pool, Phoenix Que, Liuhe Gate, White Balcony in Weiyangguan, Fei Lian Pavilion in Shanglinyuan and Guaguan in Zhangjian Palace are the best witnesses of immortal thought. Especially, there are countless urban buildings derived from these two concepts. For example, the Jade Temple, Shen Ming Temple and Tian Liang Temple in Zhangjian Palace, the Immortal Palace (Shougong Palace) in Gong Bei, the Kirin Hall, Phoenix Hall, White Tiger Hall and Shouan Hall in Weiyang Palace, etc. And the ichthyosaurs, rare birds and animals in Taiye Pool and Kunming Pool. Third, the city is fully functional and liberated from the urban model of military defense during the Warring States period. Political "prestige", the enhancement of market function, the development of transportation and the opening of culture made Chang 'an a metropolis in the world at that time.
The concept of "choosing the middle": the so-called "choosing the middle", that is, "choosing the middle of the world to build a country", is an important capital location thought in the pre-Qin period. The concept of "choosing the middle" originated from the legendary Yao and Shun era. "Biography of Historical Records" said: "The emperors are all in the middle, so they are called China." The capital of the emperor is Zhong, and the city he built is called China. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, there was a saying that "Chinese businessmen-merchants in Dayi lived in the earth", and "earth" was the center of the earth. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the thought of "choosing China" had been further developed. "pipe? The land of degrees says: "The son of heaven is in the middle." "Lu Chunqiu?" A commentary said: "The ancient kings chose the world to establish a country, and the country established a palace and a temple. "
Checkerboard road network: Checkerboard road network belongs to square format, which has the advantages of simple road system, convenient traffic organization and strong maneuverability, and will not form complex intersections. It is also beneficial to the layout of buildings on both sides of the road.
"Facing the market" means that the court should be built in the south of the palace, or the palace gate should be built in the south, and the market should be built in the north of the palace, that is, the court is in front and the market is behind. Mainly in the city, combined with manual workshops, living in the north of the city, becoming an economic concentration area.
The pattern of "left ancestors and right houses" means that the ancestral hall is built in the east and the social altar is built in the west, which is symmetrical.
The planning and layout of Chang 'an City in the Western Han Dynasty is a manifestation of the gradual maturity of the feudal capital, and many experiences have been imitated by future generations. Its urban layout plays a connecting role in the history of urban construction and is a summary of cities before Han Dynasty. In the construction of Chang 'an City in Han Dynasty, it inherited the planning thought of Qin people, and its main planning thought was to adapt to local conditions. The idea of "heaven is like earth" played an important role in urban construction after Han Dynasty.