Shuowen Jiezi explains the word "rhyme" and quotes Peiguang Yuanyun: Ancient and Modern are Same. Xu Shen inadvertently revealed the aesthetic characteristics and attribution of "rhyme". "Harmony" is an important category of aesthetics in the pre-Qin period, which was first explicitly put forward by Shi Bo, the "Taishi" of the Western Zhou Dynasty. He and Zheng Huangong, the king of Zheng, were the first to be blocked.
"Rhyme" belongs to the category of "sound" and is an important part of "sound writing, meaning and sound". The ancients paid more attention to the direct feeling of "taste" and "hearing" through taste and hearing "Twenty Years of Zhao Gong" records that Yan Ying, a politician of Qi State, answered the question of Qi Hou, "Harmony but similarity?" He said: "Different harmony is like soup. Hydroacyl salt can be used to make fish, and Chá n @ ① can be used as salary. Kill your husband to make peace, make him taste the same, help him less, and let him go. A gentleman can eat it and be calm. " Then he raised his voice:
The sound is also like taste, one breath, two bodies, three kinds of four things, five sounds, six rhymes, seven sounds, eight winds and nine songs, which complement each other. There are clear and turbid, small and big, short and long, impetuous, sad and happy, rigid and soft, slow and fast, competing with each other, sparse and sparse, thus helping each other. A gentleman listens to it and calms his heart. Yanyun is the language sense and aesthetic feeling of "harmony but difference" produced by the combination of sounds. Yin Wenzi, an ancient book in the pre-Qin period, may be the first to mention "rhyme", which has the language of "rhyme and sign", and the seven tones of "palace", "business", "horn", "sign" and "feather" mentioned by Yan Zi are all included in it.
Poetry and prose use rhymes to harmonize their tone. Ancient ancestors practiced it long ago. Every work in the Book of Songs has rhyme, and some hexagrams in the Book of Changes also have rhyme (for example, "his death is tied to the bud mulberry" and "his roots are in his back, but his body is not seen; Litigation, no one "). If "things are mixed, so the text is written" ("Zhouyi? Cohesion), then it can also be said that the harmony of sound is for rhyme. The similarity of rhyme and rhyme is a synaesthesia state of beauty, which affects people's vision and hearing. Music affects people's sense of hearing, so Cai Yong in the Han Dynasty had the language of "suppressing complex strings and restoring elegant rhyme" in Fu Qin. Later, such as "If it is a cold night, the wind will rhyme" in Xie Zhuang's Yuefu, and "If you listen to rhyme, it will come from an invisible day" in Han Yu's Xie Ziran's poem. Rhyme is sometimes used as a synonym for poetry, such as Lu Ji's prose, "take the last words of a hundred years and adopt the last rhyme of a thousand years." General technique), whether it rhymes or not becomes the symbol to distinguish pure literary works from argumentative essays.
Second, the "rhyme" of calligraphy and painting poetry
In the field of poetry art, the expansion of aesthetic connotation of "rhyme" is later than that of painting plastic arts. From Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the late Tang Dynasty, the meaning of "rhyme" is still limited to "rhyme". While painting theorists are already exerting the aesthetic significance of intangible rhyme, literary critics are still exploring how to reconcile the rhyme of poetry. Shen Yue, who invented the theory of temperament, said: "In short, single rhyme is different; In two sentences, the difference between light and heavy can only be expressed if the purpose is achieved skillfully. " Improper rhyme in poetry will affect the expression of poetry.